Infiltration by monocytes of the central nervous system and its role in multiple sclerosis: reflections on therapeutic strategies

作     者：Guangyong Zhang Qing Yao Chubing Long Pengcheng Yi Jiali Song Luojia Wu Wei Wan Xiuqin Rao Yue Lin Gen Wei Jun Ying Fuzhou Hua 

作者机构：Department of Anesthesiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina 

出 版 物：《Neural Regeneration Research》 (中国神经再生研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2025年第20卷第3期

页      面：779-793页

核心收录：

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100204[医学-神经病学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82060219,82271234 the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,Nos.20212ACB216009,20212BAB216048 Jiangxi Province Thousands of Plans,No.jxsq2019201023 Youth Team Project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,No.2019YNTD12003(all to FH) 

主　　题：blood–brain barrier macrophages monocytes multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation review therapy 

摘      要：Mononuclear macrophage infiltration in the central nervous system is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation. Recent studies on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis have highlighted the multiple roles of mononuclear macrophages in the neuroinflammatory process. Monocytes play a significant role in neuroinflammation, and managing neuroinflammation by manipulating peripheral monocytes stands out as an effective strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review outlines the steps involved in the entry of myeloid monocytes into the central nervous system that are targets for effective intervention: the activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis, migration of monocytes in the blood, and penetration of the blood–brain barrier by monocytes. Finally, we summarize the different monocyte subpopulations and their effects on the central nervous system based on phenotypic differences. As activated microglia resemble monocyte-derived macrophages, it is important to accurately identify the role of monocyte-derived macrophages in disease. Depending on the roles played by monocyte-derived macrophages at different stages of the disease, several of these processes can be interrupted to limit neuroinflammation and improve patient prognosis. Here, we discuss possible strategies to target monocytes in neurological diseases, focusing on three key aspects of monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, to provide new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.