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Hepatorenal syndrome

World journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第30期13卷 4046-4055页

作者： Sharon Turban paul j Thuluvath Mohamed G Atta Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore Maryland United States Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore Maryland United States

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a "functional" and reversible form of renal failure that occurs in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. The distinctive hallmark feature of HRS is the intense renal vasoconstriction caused by interactions between systemic and portal hemodynamics. This results in activation of vasoconstrictors and suppression of vasodilators in the renal circulation. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, as well as current and emerging therapies of HRS are discussed in this review.

关键词： Acute renal failure End stage liver disease Hepatorenal syndrome Transjugular intrahepatic portosysternic shunts Dialysis Liver transplantation

Outcomes of patients with cirrhosis undergoing non-hepatic surgery:Risk assessment and management

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第30期13卷 4056-4063页

作者： Farida Millwala Geoffrey C Nguyen paul j Thuluvath Hepatology Section The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 2105 United States

The reported mortality rates in patients with cirrhosis undergoing various non-transplant surgical procedures range from 8.3% to 25%. This wide range of mortality rates is related to severity of liver disease, type of surgery, demographics of patient population, expertise of the surgical, anesthesia and intensive care unit team and finally, reporting bias. In this article, we will review the pathophysiology, morbidity and mortality associated with non-hepatic surgery in patients with cirrhosis, and then recommend an algorithm for risk assessment and evidence based management strategy to optimize post-surgical outcomes.

关键词： Pre-operative risk assessment Risk stratification Cirrhosis Model for end-stage liver disease Non-transplant surgery Outcomes

Involvement of eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer: the roles of cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10729-10739页

作者： Lawrence M Knab paul j Grippo David j Bentrem Department of Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University jesse Brown VA Medical Center

The interplay between inflammation and cancer progression is a growing area of research. A combination of clinical, epidemiological, and basic science investigations indicate that there is a relationship between inflammatory changes in the pancreas and neoplastic progression. Diets high in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids provide increased substrate for arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) to form eicosanoids. These eicosanoids directly contribute to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Both COX-2 and 5-LOX are upregulated in multiple cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. In vitro studies using pancreatic cancer cell lines have demonstrated upregulation of COX-2 and 5-LOX at both the mRNA and protein levels. When COX-2 and 5-LOX are blocked via a variety of mechanisms, cancer cell proliferation is abrogated both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of COX-2 has been shown to include effects on apoptosis as well as angiogenesis. 5-LOX has been implicated in apoptosis. The use of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in clinical studies in patients with pancreatic cancer has been limited. Patient enrollment has been restricted to those with advanced disease which makes evaluation of these drugs as chemopreventive agents difficult. COX-2 and 5-LOX expression have been shown to be present during the early neoplastic changes of pancreatic cancer, well before progression to invasive disease. This indicates that the ideal role for these interventions is early in the disease process as preventive agents, perhaps in patients with chronic pancreatitis or hereditary pancreatitis.

关键词： Arachidonic acid Eicosanoid Cyclooxygenase-2 5-lipoxygenase Pancreatic cancer Inflammation

Influences of Biochar and Biochar-Mineral Complex on Mycorrhizal Colonisation and Nutrition of Wheat and Sorghum

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 686-695页

作者： paul BLACKWELL Stephen jOSEPH paul MUNROE Hossain M.ANAWAR paul STORER Robert j.GILKES Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle University of Wollongong School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Australian Mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western Australia

The high price of synthetic fertilisers and the price barrier for biochar as a soil amendment have encouraged the exploration of using biochar in fertiliser replacement formulations. Biochars coupled with fertilisers can be applied at lower application rates to achieve benefits in plant growth and nutrition, as well as soil biological fertility. It is necessary to evaluate the use of biochar as a fertiliser substitute. Therefore, this study investigated the comparative influences of biochars, including Acacia saligna （AS）, Simcoa jarrah （S j） and Wundowie jarrah （W j）, mineral fertiliser with microbes （MF ＋ M）, biochar-mineral complex （BMC） and their combination on mycorrhizal colonisation, growth and nutrition of wheat in a glasshouse experiment and sorghum in field conditions. BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment produced higher mycorrhizal colonisation than MF ＋ M alone, indicating that BMC had a significant role in increasing mycorrhizal colonisation. Sj （treated with acetic acid） and MF ＋ M treatments, as well as AS ＋ MF ＋ M application, showed similar effects on mycorrhizal colonisation, but lower colonisation than the BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment. Ovcrall~ the BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment supported the maximum shoot, root and total plant dry weight followed by AS ＋ MF ＋ M and Wj ＋ MF ＋ M. The MF ＋ M treatment had the maximum shoot N and K concentrations, while BMC ＋ MF ＋ M application had the maximum shoot P concentration. AS ＋ MF -4- M and Wj ＋ MF ＋ M treatments supported the maximum N uptake by wheat shoots, while BMC ＋ MF ＋ M supported the maximum P uptake. The results showed that biochars and BMCs could increase mycorrhizal colonisation, plant growth and nutrient uptake of wheat, particularly N, P, K, S and Zn. The field experiment confirmed that BMC application at a rate of 300 kg ha-1 could increase the yield of irrigated sorghum on a loam soil and provide better applied P use efficiency compared to a water-soluble fertiliser alone. These results indicated that biochar-based fer

关键词： carbon sequestration nutrient uptake P use efficiency soil biological fertility wheat production

The role of exosomes in peripheral nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第5期10卷 743-747页

作者： Rosanna C.Ching paul j.Kingham Department of Integrative Medical Biology Umea University Department of Surgical & Perioperative Sciences Umea University

Peripheral nerve injuries remain problematic to treat, with poor functional recovery commonly observed. Injuries resulting in a nerve gap create specific difficulties for axonal regeneration. Approaches to address these difficulties include autologous nerve grafts （which are currently the gold standard treatment） and synthetic conduits, with the latter option being able to be im- pregnated with Schwann cells or stem cells which provide an appropriate micro-environment for neuronal regeneration to occur. Transplanting stem cells, however, infers additional risk of malignant transformation as well as manufacturing difficulties and ethical concerns, and the use of autologous nerve grafts and Schwann ceils requires the sacrifice of a functioning nerve. A new approach utilizing exosomes, secreted extracellular vesicles, could avoid these complications. In this review, we summarize the current literature on exosomes, and suggest how they could help to improve axonal regeneration following peripheral nerve injury.

关键词： axonal regeneration exosome extracellular vesicle microRNA microvesicle nerve gap neurite outgrowth peripheral nerve injury Schwann cell stem cell

Species Concepts as Applied to the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Systematics:How Many Species Are There?

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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 176-186页

作者： LIU Shu-sheng john Colvin paul j De Barro Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology Ministry of Agriculture~Institute of lnsect Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Kent ME4 4TB United Kingdom CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia

The worldwide distribution and extensive genetic diversity of the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,has long been ***,the levels of separation within *** and the nomenclature of the various genetic groups have been a subject of *** phylogenetic analyses indicate that *** is a complex composed of 28 morphologically indistinguishable *** this article,we first review the debate and difficulties associated with ***＇s taxonomy and systematics,and argue for the need to apply the biological species concept in order to elucidate ***＇s *** summarize the accumulated genetic and behavioural data on reproductive incompatibilities evident amongst phylogenetic mtCOI groups of *** studies have been conducted with 14 of the 28 putative species covering 54 reciprocal inter-species pairs,and observations on mating behaviour have been conducted for seven species *** from both crossing trials and behavioural observations indicate a consistent pattern of reproductive isolation among the putative *** then discuss the technical and conceptual complexities associated with crossing experiments and behavioural observations designed to reveal reproductive ***,we elaborate on a strategy for further clarifying the pattern of reproductive isolation between *** groups and propose future research directions on the systematics of this complex.

关键词： whitefly systematics biological species cryptic species phylogenetic species reproductive isolation mating behavior taxonomy

Selenoprotein expression is regulated at multiple levels in prostate cells

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Cell Research 2006年第12期16卷 940-948页

作者： Cheryl M Rebsch Frank j Penna Ⅲ paul R Copeland Department of Molecular Genetics Microbiology and immunology Department of Molecular Genetics Microbiology and immunologyThe Cancer Institute of New JerseyUMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School675 Hoes LanePiscatawayNJ 08854USA

Selenium supplementation in a population with low basal blood selenium levels has been reported to decrease theincidence of several cancers including prostate *** on the clinical findings,it is likely that the antioxidantfunction of one or more selenoproteins is responsible for the chemopreventive effect,although low molecular weightseleno-compounds have also been posited to selectively induce apoptosis in transformed *** address the effects ofselenium supplementation on selenoprotein expression in prostate cells,we have undertaken an analysis of antioxidantselenoprotein expression as well as selenium toxicity in non-tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells(RWPE-1)and prostatecancer cells(LNCaP and PC-3).Our results show that two of the glutathione peroxidase family members(GPX1 andGPX4)are highly induced by supplemental selenium in prostate cancer cells but only slightly induced in RWPE-1 *** addition,GPX1 levels are dramatically lower in PC-3 cells as compared to RWPE-1 or LNCaP ***2 proteinand mRNA,however,are only detectable in RWPE-1 *** the three selenium compounds tested(sodium selenite,sodium selenate and selenomethionine),only sodium selenite shows toxicity in a physiological range of *** and in contrast to previous studies,RWPE-1 cells were significantly more sensitive to selenitethan either of the prostate cancer cell *** results demonstrate that selenoproteins and selenium metabolism areregulated at multiple levels in prostate cells.

关键词： prostate selenium selenoproteins glutathione peroxidase selenocysteine

MR Angiography and Dynamic Flow Evaluation of the Portal Venous System

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MR Angiography and Dynamic Flow Evaluation of the Portal Ven...

Limosilactobacillus mucosae FZjTZ26M3 prevents NAFLD in mice through modulation of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis

作者： Robert R. Edelman Klaus U. Wentz Heinrich P. Mattle j.paul Finn Colin McArdle

We studied the value of MR angiographic techniques in imaging the portal venous system. Projection angiograms were created by postprocessing a series of two-dimen-sional, flow-compensated gradient-echo images. Plow velocity was determined by a bolus-tracking method with radiofrequency tagging and multiple data readout periods. Each image was acquired during a breath-hold. MR angiography was applied to six normal

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1589-1601页

作者： Danting Dang Bowen Li Mengfan Ding Rpaul Ross Catherine Stanton jianxin Zhao Bo Yang Wei Chen State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China International joint Research Center for Probiotics&Gut Health Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China APC Microbiome Ireland University College CorkCork T12 YT20Ireland Teagasc Food Research Centre MooreparkFermoyCork T12 YT20Ireland National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China

Lactobacillus are considered promising therapeutic methods for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The effects of two strains of Ltmosilactobacillus mucosae on NAFLD were investigated in this ***-old male C57BL/6j mice were divided into 4 groups(n=8 per group,Control,Model,FZjTZ26M3,FGSYC17L3).*** FZjTZ26M3 reduced the mice 's body weight,liver weight,and adipose tissue weight after 12 weeks of *** to serum analysis,total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased after *** FZjTZ26M3 *** pathology showed that *** FZjTZ26M3 was effective to ameliorate lipid deposition in NAFLD ***,the expression of the gene related to lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue was analyzed,and the results indicated that *** FZjTZ26M3 could alleviate NAFLD by regulating lipid ***,the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a drop in the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae,which is linked to inflammation,but the relative abundance of a potential probiotic Akkermansia significantly increased after *** FZjTZ26M3 ***,*** FZjTZ26M3 could be a candidate to prevent NAFLD.

关键词： Limosilactobacillus mucosae Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) Probiotic Lipid metabolism Gut microbiota