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Two adjacent NLR genes conferring quantitative resistance to clubroot disease in Arabidopsis are regulated by a stably inherited epiallelic variation

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Plant Communications 2024年第5期5卷 148-162页

作者： Antoine Gravot Benjamin lie gard Leandro Quadrana Florian Veillet Yoann Aigu Tristan Bargain j.liette Benejam Christine Lariagon jocelyne Lemoine Vincent Colot Maria j.Manzanares-Dauleux Melanie jubault IGEPP Institut Agro INRAEUniversitede Rennes35650 Le RheuFrance Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Superieure(IBENS) Ecole Normale SuperieureCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)Institut National de la Santeet de la Recherche Medicale(INSERM)75005 ParisFrance IGEPP INRAE Institut AgroUniversitede Rennes29260 PloudanielFrance Present address:Aix-Marseille University CEACNRSInstitute of Biosciences and BiotechnologiesBIAM Cadarache13108 Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance.

Clubroot caused by the protist Plasmodiophora brassicae is a major disease affecting cultivated *** a combination of quantitative trait locus(QTL)fine mapping,CRISPR-Cas9 validation,and extensive analyses of DNA sequence and methylation patterns,we revealed that the two adjacent neigh-boring NLR(nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat)genes AT5G47260 and AT5G47280 cooperate in controlling broad-spectrum quantitative partial resistance to the root pathogen *** in Arabidopsis and that they are epigenetically *** variation in DNA methylation is not associated with any nucleotide variation or any transposable element presence/absence variants and is stably ***-ations in DNA methylation at the Pb-At5.2 QTL are widespread across Arabidopsis accessions and corre-late negatively with variations in expression of the two *** study demonstrates that natural,stable,and transgenerationally inherited epigenetic variations can play an important role in shaping resistance to plant pathogens by modulating the expression of immune receptors.

关键词： methylation clubroot Plasmodiophora brassicae AT5G47260 AT5G47280 ADR1-L3 ddm1

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青少年科创教育的工程哲学之思

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教育发展研究 2024年第6期44卷 10-17页

作者：周列丁晓东上海理工大学党委(校长)办公室上海200093 上海理工大学上海200093

从“科学教育”到“科技教育”再到“科创教育”是科学、技术、工程分别作为独立主体得以被关注同时又相互融合于教育的过程。但科创教育尚处于初探期,人们对工程、工程科学、工程教育、工程师等还存在认识盲区和误区。工程哲学确立了... 详细信息

从“科学教育”到“科技教育”再到“科创教育”是科学、技术、工程分别作为独立主体得以被关注同时又相互融合于教育的过程。但科创教育尚处于初探期,人们对工程、工程科学、工程教育、工程师等还存在认识盲区和误区。工程哲学确立了工程本体论,“科学、技术、工程三元论”明确了科学、技术、工程的区别和联系,为透视科创教育、明确工程教育对于科创教育的重要作用和意义提供了理论视角。工程哲学视域下,工程教育打开“人工世界”的大门,让科创教育回归生活;工程教育有机整合科学与技术培养创新人才;工程教育丰富科创教育的内涵和育人价值;工程教育为科创教育提供方法和策略。当前青少年科创教育存在中小学工程教育缺位、高等工程教育错位、大中小学工程教育断层的问题。以工程教育为引擎驱动青少年科创教育发展可实施三个策略:针对中小学,以“融合”为切入点,推动工程教育普及;针对高等工程教育,以“回归工程”为要义,还原工程教育本真;针对大中小学工程教育衔接,以大学为龙头,强化工程教育辐射。

关键词：青少年科创教育工程哲学工程教育

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Physical Simulation of Thermally Induced Martensite Formation from Retained Austenite in TRIP Steels

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2003年第Z1期19卷 105-108页

作者： lie ZHAO Fred j. VERMOLEN jilt SIETSMA Sybrand van der ZWAAG Netherlands Institute for Metals Research P.O.Box 5008 2600 GA Delft The Netherlands Department of Materials Science Delft University of Technology R otterdamseweg 137 2628 AL Delft The Netherlands Department of Applied Mathematics Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands Department of Materials ScienceDelft University of TechnologyRotterdamseweg 1372628 AL DelftThe Netherlands Netherlands Institute for Metals Research P.O.Box 5008 2600 GA Delft The Netherlands Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Delft University of Technology Kluyverweg 1 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands

The present work analyses the total free energy of the material during the martensitic transformation. A general expression for the martensite fraction as a function of temperature is derived, assuming that the nonchemical free energyis proportional to the volume of martensite. This expression indicates that the temperature-dependent martensitefraction can be predicted once the characteristic transformation temperatures and the relation between the chemicalfree energy and temperature of the martensite and austenite are known. An advantage of this development is thatthe proposed equation is valid for all types of relations between the chemical free energy and temperature. Thissimulation is successfully applied to the martensitic transformation upon further cooling of retained austenite in alow-alloyed TRIP steel, in which the relation between chemical free energy and temperature is quadratic and thefraction is determined from a thermo-magnetic measurement.

关键词： Thermodynamics, Martensitic transformation, Retained austenite, TRIP steels.

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六自由度自动驾驶仿真测试平台搭建及其应用研究

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实验技术与管理 2024年第10期41卷 150-156页

作者：余旭东殷广郭烈黄剑赵剑大连理工大学宁波研究院浙江宁波315016 大连理工大学工业装备结构分析优化与CAE软件全国重点实验室辽宁大连116024 大连理工大学机械工程学院辽宁大连116024

该文基于六自由度运动平台搭建了智能驾驶仿真测试平台,平台由六自由度运动平台、线控底盘及车体、视景仿真及投影系统、实时仿真系统组成。借助SCANeR场景仿真软件,平台可以根据用户实际需求搭建不同驾驶场景和情境,模拟不同道路交通... 详细信息

该文基于六自由度运动平台搭建了智能驾驶仿真测试平台,平台由六自由度运动平台、线控底盘及车体、视景仿真及投影系统、实时仿真系统组成。借助SCANeR场景仿真软件,平台可以根据用户实际需求搭建不同驾驶场景和情境,模拟不同道路交通因素或自动驾驶策略对驾驶人安全驾驶的影响,实现自动驾驶场景、传感器、车辆动力学、驾驶员在环等仿真。平台还可应用于自动泊车系统评价、汽车自动驾驶实验教学和科普。

关键词：模拟驾驶实验驾驶模拟器实时仿真系统自动驾驶测试评价

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Circumcision reduces prostate cancer risk

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Asian journal of Andrology 2012年第5期14卷 661-662页

作者： Brian j morris lake H Waskett School of Medical Sciences University of SydneySydney NSW 2006 Australia CircumcisionIndependent Reference and Commentary Service Manchester M26 1JR UK

There is a strong negative correlation between prostate cancer and circumcision rate across 181 countries （P〈0.0001）. Adding to the large protective effect of cir- cumcision seen in small studies over the past six decades, a recent large study in Seattle has shown a smaller protective effect. If verified by other large studies else- where, the finding would add to the wide array of benefits conferred by this safe, sim- ple procedure that is best performed in infancy.

关键词： INFECTION

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Overcoming maladaptive plasticity through plastic compensation

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 526-536页

作者： Matthew R.j. morris Sean M. ROGERS Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada T2N 1N4

Most species evolve within fluctuating environments, and have developed adaptations to meet the challenges posed by environmental heterogeneity. One such adaptation is phenotypic plasticity, or the ability of a single genotype to produce multiple environmentally-induced phenotypes. Yet, not all plasticity is adaptive. Despite the renewed interest in adaptive phenotypic plas- ticity and its consequences for evolution, much less is known about maladaptive plasticity. However, maladaptive plasticity is likely an important driver of phenotypic similarity among populations living in different environments. This paper traces four strategies for overcoming maladaptive plasticity that result in phenotypic similarity, two of which involve genetic changes （standing genetic variation, genetic compensation） and two of which do not （standing epigenetic variation, plastic compensation）. Plastic compensation is defined as adaptive plasticity overcoming maladaptive plasticity. In particular, plastic compensation may increase the likelihood of genetic compensation by facilitating population persistence. We provide key terms to disentangle these aspects of phenotypic plasticity and introduce examples to reinforce the potential importance of plastic compensation for under- standing evolutionary change

关键词： Homeostasis Canalization Ecological speciation Standing genetic variation Genetic compensation Countergradi-ent variation

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Parkinson's disease: From genetics to molecular dysfunction and targeted therapeutic approaches

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第3期10卷 786-798页

作者： Yue Huang jun Wei Antony Cooper Margaret j.morris China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China Department of Pharmacology School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine&HealthUNSWSydneyNSW 2052Australia The Garvan Institute of Medical Research SydneyNSW 2010Australia St Vincent's Clinical School Faculty of Medicine&Healthand School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesFaculty of ScienceUNSWSydneyNSW 2052Australia

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder in the elderly. As the pathogenesis of PD is still not fully understood, medications with the capacity of halting the disease progression are currently unavailable. The discovery of genes that are causative for, or increase susceptibility to PD is pivotal for the development of novel therapeutic approaches, as they are critical for the onset of PD and the molecular pathways underlying its pathogenesis. By reviewing relevant data, we discuss causative genes, and those associated with PD susceptibility and quantitative traits. Through Gene Ontology database and STRING analysis, we emphasize the roles of inorganic cation transmembrane transport pathways and hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis, in addition to the established roles of inflammation/oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD. It is hoped these insights 1) untangle the clinical complex presentations of PD, 2) reveal the interwoven molecular network leading to PD, and 3) identify critical molecular targets to facilitate novel PD drug discovery, with a view to providing improved consultation and personalized medicine for patients with PD in the future.

关键词： Drug discovery Genetics Molecular function Parkinson's disease Quantitative traits

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Constraints on the skewness coefficient of symmetric nuclear matter within the nonlinear relativistic mean field model

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2017年第12期28卷 279-287页

作者： Bao-jun Cai lie-Wen Chen School of Physics and Astronomy and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Within the nonlinear relativistic mean field(NLRMF) model, we show that both the pressure of symmetric nuclear matter at supra-saturation densities and the maximum mass of neutron stars are sensitive to the skewness coefficient, j_0, of symmetric nuclear matter. Using experimental constraints on the pressure of symmetric nuclear matter at supra-saturation densities from flow data in heavy-ion collisions and the astrophysical observation of a large mass neutron star PSR j0348+0432, with the former favoring a smaller j_0 while the latter favors a larger j_0, we extract a constraint of -494 MeV≤j_0≤-10 MeV based on the NL-RMF model. This constraint is compared with the results obtained in other analyses.

关键词： Equation of state of nuclear matter Heavy-ion collisions Neutron stars

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ηc Diffractive Production in the Direct Photon Process

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2003年第4X期40卷 457-460页

作者： YANZhan-Yuan DUANChun-Gui LIGuang-lie DepartmentofAppliedPhysics NorthChinaElectricPowerUniversityBaoding071003China DepartmentofPhysics HebeiTeachers'UniversityShijiazhuang050016China InstituteofHighEnergyPhysics TheChineseAcademyofSciencesP.O.Box918-4(1)Beijing100039China

Based on the factorization theorem for lepton induced hard diffractive scattering and color octet heavy quarkonium production mechanism, ηc diffractive production in the direct photon process is studied. The results show that this process can be measured at DESY HERA, and ηc production has different features from j/Ψ production, which is weakly affected by the initial and final state gluon radiation. Therefore, ηc photoproduction can be viewed as reliable estimate. The experimental study of this process can give valuable insight in the co/or octet heavy quarkonium production mechanism.

关键词：衍射系数因数分解理论色八重态轻子真空量子数衍射散射过程数值计算声子衍射

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喜马拉雅造山带聂拉木地区渐新世深熔作用的厘定

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岩石学报 2024年第5期40卷 1565-1586页

作者：高利娥曾令森赵令浩严立龙李广旭王亚莹王海涛王睿中国地质科学院地质研究所自然资源部深地科学与探测技术实验室北京100037 国家地质实验测试中心北京100037 天津师范大学地理与环境科学学院天津300387

喜马拉雅新生代淡色花岗岩记录了地壳深熔作用和花岗岩侵位的地球化学和构造物理效应。与形成于增厚地壳条件下和伸展背景下的始新世和中新世花岗岩相比,渐新世花岗岩分布比较局限,且源区和形成机制还存在着较大的争议。位于喜马拉雅造... 详细信息

喜马拉雅新生代淡色花岗岩记录了地壳深熔作用和花岗岩侵位的地球化学和构造物理效应。与形成于增厚地壳条件下和伸展背景下的始新世和中新世花岗岩相比,渐新世花岗岩分布比较局限,且源区和形成机制还存在着较大的争议。位于喜马拉雅造山带中部的聂拉木地区,可见32.1Ma的含电气石黑云母的花岗岩、29.8Ma的含黑云母的花岗岩、26.6Ma的含电气石黑云母的伟晶花岗岩侵入到高喜马拉雅岩系上部。这三组渐新世花岗岩具有以下特征:(1)较高的SiO_(2)、Al_(2)O_(3)、K_(2)O和Na_(2)O,A/CNK>1.0;(2)Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr和Ti的负异常;(3)略微富集轻稀土,亏损中稀土和重稀土,高度变化的Eu异常和微弱的负Nd异常;(4)均一的初始Sr-Nd同位素比值,^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr(t)=0.7463~0.7471,ε_(Nd)(t)=-15.0~-14.6。此外,含电气石黑云母的花岗岩和含电气石黑云母的伟晶花岗岩具有较高的Sr和Ba,较低的Rb/Sr比值,其Rb/Sr比值与Ba和Sr含量都无相关性,表明其为富B流体参与高喜马拉雅变沉积岩含水部分熔融作用的产物。而含黑云母的花岗岩具有较低的Sr和Ba,较高的Rb/Sr比值,且其Rb/Sr比值与Ba和Sr含量显示明显的负相关关系,表明其为变沉积岩发生脱水熔融作用的产物。综合喜马拉雅造山带已有的研究成果,得出以下认识:渐新世花岗岩的源区从下地壳基性物质转变为中地壳变泥质岩,展示了源区向上迁移的过程,并经历了一期重要的岩浆热液交代作用;渐新世深熔作用记录了造山带从缩短增厚向伸展垮塌转换阶段深部地壳的响应,从而促使了高喜马拉雅岩系的折返。

关键词：聂拉木渐新世花岗岩含水部分熔融作用高喜马拉雅岩系折返喜马拉雅造山带

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