检索结果-南通市图书馆

SECOND-Or.Er.INTEr.CTION OF Ir.EGULAr.WAVES WITH A Tr.NCATED COLUMN

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Acta Mechanica Sinica 1997年第2期13卷 130-142页

作者： j.b.huang r.eatockTaylor Depar.ment of engineering science University of OxfordParks RoadOxfordOX1 3PJUK

A complete semi-analytical solution is obtained for.second-or.er.diffr.ction of plane bichr.matic waves by a fixed tr.ncated cir.ular.*** fluid domain is divided into inter.or.and exter.or.*** the exter.or.r.gion,the second-or.er.velocity potential is expr.ssed in ter.s of‘locked-wave’and‘fr.e-wave’ components,both ar. solved using Four.er.and eigenfunction *** r.- sulting‘locked wave’potential is expr.ssed by one-dimensional Gr.en's integr.ls with oscillating *** or.er.to incr.ase computational efficiency,the far.field par. of the integr.ls ar. car.ied out *** in both r.gions ar. matched on the inter.ace by the potential and its nor.al der.vative continuity *** on the pr.sent appr.ach,the sum-and differ.nce-fr.quency potentials ar. efficiently evaluated and ar. used to gener.te the quadr.tic tr.nsfer.functions which cor.elates the incident wave spectr.m with second-or.er.for.ing spectr.m on the *** sum-fr.quency QTFs for.a TLP column ar. pr.sent,which ar. compar.d for.some fr.quency pair. with those fr.m a fully numer.cal *** agr.ement has been *** spectr. for.a case study TLP column,gener.ted using the semi-analytical solution ar. *** given ar. the r.sults for.nonlinear.wave field ar.und the column.

关键词： mar.ne hydr.dynamics nonlinear.wave for.e wave-str.ctur. inter.ction second-or.er.wave diffr.ction

Laminar.Flame Str.ctur.-Dependent Exer.y Destr.ction behavior.at Auto-Ignition Time Scale:A Case Study of Dimethyl Ether.DME)

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

jour.al of Ther.al science 2024年第4期33卷 1257-1271页

作者： WU Honghuan huang Wenlin ZHAO Hao SUN Wuchuan huang Zuohua ZHANG Yingjia State Key Labor.tor. of Multiphase Flow in Power.engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

Hybr.d deflagr.tion/auto-ignition flame str.ctur.s coexist in the combustion of advanced *** exer.y destr.ction caused by differ.nt ir.ever.ible pr.cesses under.var.ed flame r.gimes is thus impor.ant for.under.tanding engine *** this study,the flame pr.pagation modes for.the pr.mixed DME/air.mixtur.s ar. numer.cally investigated under.engine-r.levant *** entr.py gener.tion and exer.y destr.ction char.cter.stics ar. compar.d under.differ.nt flame *** r.veal that as the typical pr.mixed flame tr.nsition towar.s auto-ignition fr.nt,the exer.y destr.ction fr.m heat conduction and species mass diffusion gr.dually vanish and ar. dominated by chemical *** distr.butions of temper.tur. and species mole fr.ction in the flame domain ar. analyzed to clar.fy the exer.y destr.ction behavior. caused by heat conduction and mass ***,by dividing the DME oxidation pr.cess into four.stages,the main r.action channels that contr.bute to the incr.ase in exer.y destr.ction fr.m chemical r.action have been *** is found that the pr.duction and consumption of CH_(2)O and HO_(2) r.dical dominate the exer.y destr.ction behavior.dur.ng DME *** this basis,the kinetic mechanism of low-temper.tur. chemistr. causing gr.ater.exer.y destr.ction is ***,low-temper.tur. chemistr. leads to significant exer.y destr.ction due to(a)the lar.e ir.ever.ibility of itself and(b)(mainly)the enhancement of H_(2)O_(2)loop r.actions by low-temper.tur. r.action *** the r.duction of combustion ir.ever.ibility is pr.mising to be achieved by r.asonably r.gulating the fuel oxidation path.

关键词： exer.y destr.ction flame str.ctur.s entr.py gener.tion low-temper.tur. chemistr. DME

Optimizing theπ-br.dge of Non-fuller.ne Acceptor. to Suppr.ss Dar. Cur.ent in NIr.Or.anic Photodetector.

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chemical r.sear.h in Chinese Univer.ities 2024年第4期40卷 712-721页

作者： SHAO Lin huang Yijun HONG Ling XU Zishuo YANG Xiye LIU Chunchen huang Fei CAO Yong State Key Labor.tor. of Luminescent Mater.als and Devices Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P.R.China Lumidar.Technology Co. Ltd.Guangzhou510530P.R.China

r.cently,the r.pid development of non-fuller.ne acceptor.(NFAs)has laid the foundation for.per.or.ance impr.vements in near.infr.r.d(NIr.or.anic photodetector.(OPDs).However.r.ducing the bandgap of NFAs to achieve str.ng absor.tion in the shor.er.wave r.gion usually leads to incr.ased dar. cur.ent density(j_(d))and decr.ased r.sponsivity(r.,sever.ly limiting the detectivity(D*)of *** date,it r.mains challenging to manipulate the j_(d) of NIr.OPDs thr.ugh r.tional str.ctur. engineering of ***,thr.e NIr.NFAs,namely bis(2-decyltetr.decyl)4,4′-(2′,7′-di-ter.-butylspir.[cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-4,9′-fluor.ne]-2,6-diyl)bis(6-(((Z)-1-(dicyanomethylene)-5,6-difluor.-3-oxo-1,3-dihydr.-2H-inden-2-ylidene)methyl)thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-car.oxylate)(TSIC-4F),bis(2-decyltetr.decyl)6,6′-(2′,7′-di-ter.-butylspir.[cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-4,9′-fluor.ne]-2,6-diyl)bis(4-(((Z)-1-(dicyanomethylene)-5,6-difluor.-3-oxo-1,3-dihydr.-2H-inden-2-ylidene)methyl)thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-car.oxylate)(STIC-4F),and 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-(((2′,7′-di-ter.-butylspir.[cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-4,9′-fluor.ne]-2,6-diyl)bis(2,3-bis(5-(2-butyloctyl)thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,4-b]pyr.zine-7,5-diyl))bis(metha-neylylidene))bis(5,6-difluor.-3-oxo-2,3-dihydr.-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitr.le(TPIC-4F),wer. designed using the thieno[3,4-b]thiophene(TT)and thieno[3,4-b]pyr.zine(TPy)der.vatives as theπ-*** to the intr.molecular.S-S and S-N inter.ctions,STIC-4F and TPIC-4F exhibited smaller.backbone distor.ions than TSIC-4F.A significantly r.d-shifted absor.tion with a peak at 1015 nm was obser.ed in TPIC-4F film,lar.er.than that(ca.960 nm)for.TSIC-4F and STIC-4F ***,OPDs oper.ting in a photovoltaic mode wer. successfully fabr.cated,and TPIC-4F-based OPDs achieved the lowest j_(d) of 3.18×10^(-8) A/cm^(2) at-0.1 ***,although TPIC-4F-based OPDs exhibited the lowest r.higher.shot-noise-limited specific detectivity(D_(sh)*)in 1000-1200 nm co

关键词： π-br.dge Near.infr.r.d Non-fuller.ne acceptor Dar. cur.ent Or.anic photodetector

Constr.ction of 2D/2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/CdS heter.junction with photother.al effect for.efficient photocatalytic hydr.gen pr.duction

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

jour.al of Mater.als science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 1-9页

作者： T.Y.huang Z.Yang S.Y.Yang Z.H.Dai Y.j.Liu j.H.Liao G.Y.Zhong Z.j.Xie Y.P.Fang S.S.Zhang Key Labor.tor. for.biobased Mater.als and Ener.y of Ministr. of Education Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureCollege of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510643China School of Physics and Optoelectr.nics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China School of Chemical engineering and Ener.y Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy SystemsDongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China

The insensitivity of semiconductor. to visible and infr.r.d light is a key constr.int on the utilization of light ener.y in photocatalytic *** photocatalysts with full-spectr.m absor.tion thr.ugh sur.ace engineering is an effective appr.ach to fully har.essing light ener.y in semiconductor.***,a novel stable Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/CdS heter.junction catalyst is obtained by in-situ epitaxial gr.wth of two-dimensional(2D)CdS nanosheets on 2D MXene inter.ace via a solvother.al *** exceptional light absor.tion pr.per.ies of MXene confer.outstanding full-spectr.m dr.ven photocat-alytic hydr.gen evolution capability upon the heter.geneous *** unique 2D/2D str.ctur. effectively mitigated the r.combination of photogener.ted car.ier.,enhancing the photocatalytic per.or.ance of the ***,the composite catalyst exhibits a significantly higher.sur.ace temper.tur. of 80.4℃under.visible light ir.adiation at an intensity of 0.1 W/cm^(2),which is 1.84 times higher.than that of *** ir.adiation of visible and near.infr.r.d light,the composite catalyst with photother.al ef-fect demonstr.tes a r.mar.able hydr.gen evolution r.te of 65.4 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 7.2 times higher.than that of CdS *** study intr.duces a novel appr.ach for.constr.cting full-spectr.m absor.tion catalysts and expands the application of the photother.al effect in photocatalytic hydr.gen evolution r.sear.h.

关键词： Two-dimensional str.ctur. Heter.str.ctur. Photother.al effect Photocatalyst Hydr.gen evolution

Multichannel micr.needle dr. electr.de patches for.minimally invasive tr.nsder.al r.cor.ing of electr.physiological signals

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Micr.systems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 119-136页

作者： Zhengjie Liu Xingyuan Xu Shuang huang Xinshuo huang Zhibo Liu Chuanjie Yao Mengyi He jiayi Chen Hui-jiuan Chen jing Liu Xi Xie State Key Labor.tor. of Optoelectr.nic Mater.als and Technologies School of Electronics and Information TechnologyGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina School of biomedical engineering Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina The Fir.t Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen university GuangzhouChina

The collection of multiple-channel electr.physiological signals enables a compr.hensive under.tanding of the spatial distr.bution and tempor.l featur.s of electr.physiological *** appr.ach can help to distinguish the tr.its and patter.s of differ.nt ailments to enhance diagnostic *** ar.ay electr.des,which can penetr.te skin without pain,can lessen the impedance between the electr.des and skin;however.cur.ent micr.needle methods ar. limited to single channels and cannot achieve multichannel collection in small ***,a multichannel(32 channels)micr.needle dr. electr.de patch device was developed via a dimensionality r.duction fabr.cation and integr.tion appr.ach and suppor.ed by a self-developed cir.uit system to r.cor. weak electr.physiological signals,including electr.encephalogr.phy(EEG),electr.car.iogr.m(ECG),and electr.myogr.phy(EMG)*** micr.needles r.duced the electr.de–skin contact impedance by penetr.ting the nonconducting str.tum cor.eum in a painless *** multichannel micr.needle ar.ay(MMA)enabled painless tr.nsder.al r.cor.ing of multichannel electr.physiological signals fr.m the subcutaneous space,with high tempor.l and spatial r.solution,r.aching the level of a single micr.needle in ter.s of signal *** MMA demonstr.ted the detection of the spatial distr.bution of ECG,EMG and EEG signals in live r.bbit models,and the micr.needle electr.de(MNE)achieved better.signal quality in the tr.nscutaneous detection of EEG signals than did the conventional flat dr. electr.de *** wor. offer. a pr.mising oppor.unity to develop advanced tools for.neur.l inter.ace technology and electr.physiological r.cor.ing.

关键词： needle r.bbit electr.de

An inter.acial r.bust and entir. self-healing ionogel-elastomer.hybr.d for.elastic electr.nics enables discr.tionar. assembly and r.configur.tion

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

science China Chemistr. 2024年第4期67卷 1316-1323页

作者： Lei Yang Lijie Sun Hongfei huang r.soul Esmaeely Neisiany Zhengwei You State Key Labor.tor. for.Modification of Chemical Fiber. and Polymer.Mater.als Institute of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityResearch Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications(China Textile Engineering Society)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative MedicineShanghai 201620China Depar.ment of Polymer.engineering Hakim Sabzevari UniversitySabzevar ***Iran biotechnology Centr. Silesian University of TechnologyGliwice 44-100Poland

Inspir.d by the multi-layer.ar.hitectur. of mammal skins,inter.acial r.bust,str.tchable,and entir.ly healable gel-elastomer.hybr.ds hold gr.at potential in diver.e fields including biomedical devices,wear.ble electr.cal devices,and soft ***,existing gel-elastomer.hybr.ds have numer.us limitations including low inter.acial bonding toughness,complex and time-consuming pr.par.tion pr.cess,unhealable,and ***,we pr.pose a simple and gener.l chemical str.tegy thr.ugh the inter.acial dynamic bonding between gel and elastomer.to simultaneously addr.ss the abovementioned *** covalent bonds r.adily and r.peatably covalent bonding ionogel and elastomer.inter.acial toughness:390 j m^(-2)),endowed the hybr.ds with entir. self-healing featur.s like skin and enabled discr.tionar. assembly and ***,this str.tegy r.solved the tr.ublesome contr.diction between inter.acial stability and *** advantage of the afor.mentioned featur.s,we r.adily constr.cted a multi-module,self-healing,self-power.d,and r.altime monitor.ng of per.onal status integr.ted elastic electr.nics,which could simply r.configur. the output signal of elastic electr.nics into an input signal of the devices-br.ille keyboar..

关键词： ionogel elastomer inter.ace bonding self-healing dynamic covalent bond

Continued evolution of H10N3 influenza vir.s with adaptive mutations poses an incr.ased thr.at to mammals

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Vir.logica Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 546-555页

作者： Shiping Ding jiangtao Zhou junlong Xiong Xiaowen Du Wenzhuo Yang jinyu huang Yi Liu Lihong huang Ming Liao jiahao Zhang Wenbao Qi State Key Labor.tor. for.Animal Disease Contr.l and Pr.vention South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China National Avian Influenza Par.-r.fer.nce Labor.tor. Guangzhou510642China Key Labor.tor. of Zoonoses Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhou510642China National and r.gional joint engineering Labor.tor. for.Medicament of Zoonoses Pr.vention and Contr.l Guangzhou510642China Key Labor.tor. of Zoonoses Pr.vention and Contr.l of Guangdong Pr.vince Guangzhou510642China State Key Labor.tor. of Agr.cultur.l Micr.biology College of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China College of Animal science and Technology Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou510550China

The H10 subtype avian influenza vir.s(AIV)poses an ongoing thr.at to both bir.s and ***,fatal human cases of H10N3 and H10N8 infections have dr.wn public *** 2022,we isolated two H10N3 vir.ses(A/chicken/Shandong/0101/2022 and A/chicken/Shandong/0603/2022)fr.m diseased chickens in *** analysis r.vealed that these vir.ses wer. genetically associated with human-or.gin H10N3 vir.s,with inter.al genes or.ginating fr.m local H9N2 *** to the H10N8 vir.s(A/chicken/jiangxi/102/2013),the H10N3 vir.ses exhibited enhanced ther.ostability,incr.ased vir.l r.lease fr.m er.thr.cytes,and accumulation of hemagglutinin(HA)***,we evaluated the pathogenicity of both H10N3 and H10N8 vir.ses in *** found that vir.l titer. could be detected in the lungs and nasal tur.inates of mice infected with the two H10N3 vir.ses,wher.as H10N8 vir.s titer. wer. detectable in the lungs and br.ins of ***,the pr.por.ion of double HA Q222r.and G228S mutations in H10N3 vir.ses has incr.ased since ***,the functional r.les of the Q222r.and G228S double mutations in the HA gene of H10N3 vir.ses r.main unknown and war.ant fur.her.*** study highlights the potential public health r.sk posed by the H10N3 vir.s.A spillover.event of AIV to humans could be a for.taste of a looming ***,it is imper.tive to continuously monitor.the evolution of the H10N3 influenza vir.s to ensur. tar.eted pr.vention and contr.l measur.s against influenza outbr.aks.

关键词： Avian influenza vir.s(AIV) H10N3 Evolution Pathogenicity

Pr.dicting micr.bial extr.cellular.electr.n tr.nsfer.activity in paddy soils with soil physicochemical pr.per.ies using machine lear.ing

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

science China(Technological sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 259-270页

作者： OU jiajun LUO XiaoShan LIU junYang huang LinYan ZHOU LiHua YUAN Yong School of Automation Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Key Labor.tor. of Envir.nmental Catalysis and Health r.sk Contr.l Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution ControlSchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution ControlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China School of biomedical and Phar.aceutical sciences Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

Soil extr.cellular.electr.n tr.nsfer.EET)is a pivotal biological pr.cess within the r.alm of ***,EET suffer. fr.m a lack of pr.dictive ***,an intr.cately cr.fted machine lear.ing model has been developed for.the pur.ose of pr.dicting soil EET by using the physicochemical pr.per.ies of soil as independent input var.ables and the EET capabilities in ter.s of cur.ent density(j_(max))and Coulombic char.e(C_(out))as dependent output *** autoencoder.ensemble stacking(AES)model was developed to addr.ss the afor.mentioned issue by integr.ting suppor. vector.machine,multilayer.per.eptr.n,extr.me gr.dient boosting,and light gr.dient boosting machine algor.thms as the stacking *** 10-fold cr.ssvalidation,the AES model exhibited notable impr.vements in pr.dicting j_(max)and C_(out),with aver.ge test r.(2)values of 0.83 and 0.84,r.spectively,sur.assing those of single machine lear.ing(ML)models and the basic ensemble *** utilizing par.ial cor.elation plots(PDPs),Shapley Additive explanations(SHAP)values,and SHAP decision plots,we quantitatively explained the impact and contr.bution of the input molecules on the AES model’s pr.dictions of j_(max)and C_(out).In the context of the SHAP method for.the AES model,total car.on(TC)was identified as the most cor.elated descr.ptor.for.j_(max),while total or.anic car.on(TOC)stood out as the most r.levant descr.ptor.for.C_(out).In the pr.diction tasks of j_(max)and C_(out)within the AES model,employing a multitask ML appr.ach allowed the model to benefit fr.m the shar.d infor.ation of input var.ables,ther.by enhancing its over.ll *** study pr.vides a feasible tool for.the pr.diction of soil EET fr.m soil physiochemical pr.per.ies and an advanced under.tanding of the r.lationship between soil physiochemical pr.per.ies and EET capability.

关键词： extr.cellular.electr.n tr.nsfer paddy soil machine lear.ing pr.diction autoencoder.ensemble stacking model

Modulating p-type doping of two-dimensional mater.al palladium diselenide

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Nano r.sear.h 2024年第4期17卷 3232-3244页

作者： jiali Yang Yu Liu En-Yang Wang jinbo Pang Shir.ng huang Thomas Gemming jinshun bi Alicja bachmatiuk.Hao jia Shu-Xian Hu Chongyun jiang Hong Liu Gianaur.lio Cuniber.i Weijia Zhou Mar. H r.mmeli Institute for.Advanced Inter.isciplinar. r.sear.h(iAIr. University of JinanJinan 250022China Institute for.Mater.als Chemistr. Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden(IFW Dresden)20 Helmholtz StrasseDresden 01069Germany State Key Lab of Tr.nsducer.Technology Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China College of Ener.y Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Key Labor.tor. of Advanced Car.on Mater.als and Wear.ble Ener.y Technologies of jiangsu Pr.vince Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China School of Integr.ted Cir.uits University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Institute of Micr.electr.nics of Tianjin binhai New Ar.a Tianjin 300451China Institute of Micr.electr.nics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Luk.siewicz r.sear.h Networ. PORT Polish Center for Technology DevelopmentStablowicka 147Wroclaw 54-066Poland School of Mathematics and Physics University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China College of electr.nic infor.ation and optical engineering Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Centr. of Polymer.and Car.on Mater.als Polish Academy of SciencesM.Curie Sklodowskiej 34Zabrze 41-819Poland Center.for.Ener.y and Envir.nmental Technologies VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava17.Listopadu 15Ostrava 70833Czech Republic State Key Labor.tor. of Cr.stal Mater.als Center of Bio&Micro/Nano Functional MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan 250100China Dr.sden Center.for.Computational Mater.als science Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01062Germany Dr.sden Center.for.Intelligent Mater.als(GCL DCIM) Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01062Germany Institute for.Mater.als science and Max ber.mann Center.of biomater.als Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01069Germany Center.for.Advancing Electr.nics Dr.sden Technische Universität DresdenDresden 01069Germany

The van der.Waals heter.str.ctur.s have evolved as novel mater.als for.complementing the Si-based semiconductor.***-10 noble metal dichalcogenides(e.g.,PtS_(2),PtSe_(2),PdS_(2),and PdSe_(2))have been listed into two-dimensional(2D)mater.als toolkit to assemble van der.Waals *** them,PdSe_(2) demonstr.tes advantages of high stability in air.high mobility,and wide tunable ***,the r.gulation of p-type doping of PdSe_(2) r.mains unsolved pr.blem pr.or.to fabr.cating p–n junction as a fundamental platfor. of semiconductor.***,a quantitative method for.the contr.llable doping of PdSe_(2) is yet to be *** this study,the doping level of PdSe_(2) was cor.elated with the concentr.tion of Lewis acids,for.example,SnCl_(4),used for.*** the tr.nsfer.char.cter.stics,the thr.shold voltage(the gate voltage cor.esponding to the minimum dr.in cur.ent)incr.ased after.SnCl_(4) soaking ***_(2) tr.nsistor. wer. soaked in SnCl_(4) solutions with five differ.nt *** thr.shold voltages fr.m the as-obtained tr.nsfer.cur.es wer. extr.cted for.linear.fitting to the thr.shold voltage ver.us doping concentr.tion cor.elation *** study pr.vides in-depth insights into the contr.llable p-type doping of PdSe_(2).It may also push for.ar. the r.sear.h of the r.gulation of conductivity behavior. of 2D mater.als.

关键词： two-dimensional(2D)mater.als Lewis acid tr.atment p-type doping field-effect tr.nsistor. tr.nsfer.char.cter.stic