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Photothermal controls of vegetative dormancy in Poa secunda

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Grassland Research 2022年第1期1卷 43-52页

作者： Allen A.Chen Shui-zhang Fei andrew W.Lenssen Kenneth j.Moore Department of Horticulture Iowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA

Background:Summer vegetative dormancy is a desirable trait in cool-season grasses when they are interplanted with annual *** bluegrass(Poa secunda ***.)shows summer dormancy,but the environmental cues that control dormancy remain ***:A controlled environment study using temperature and day length combinations of 32.2℃/15 h,26.6℃/14 h,21.1℃/13 h,and 15.5℃/12 h was conducted with *** accessions PI232347,PI639272,and PI232348,and‘Audubon’red fescue as a nondormant control to determine the optimum treatment for dormancy induction.A second study using treatments of 26.6℃/14 h,21.1℃/13 h,and 15.5℃/12 h was conducted to determine the thresholds for dormancy release.A third study used a factorial experiment with two temperatures(32.2℃ and 15.5℃)and two day lengths(15 and 12 h)to differentiate between temperature and day length effects on dormancy ***:Of the four temperature and day length combinations,all except for 15.5℃/12 h resulted in dormancy by the end of 6 weeks,with 32.2℃/15 h inducing dormancy in only 17 *** the three treatments for dormancy release,15.5℃/12 h broke dormancy the fastest in all accessions and released the most number of plants from *** variation existed between accessions for the speed of dormancy release in the 21.1℃/13 h and 26.6℃/14 h *** third study showed that temperature is the primary inducer for summer dormancy,while longer day length may promote dormancy under inductive ***:This study identified the optimum photothermal for induction and release of summer dormancy in ***,which will help future studies in elucidating the mechanism of summer dormancy.

关键词： controlled environment dormancy induction dormancy release Sandberg bluegrass summer dormancy

Increased proportion of alcohol-related trauma in a South London major trauma centre during lockdown:A cohort study

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Chinese journal of Traumatology 2022年第5期25卷 277-282页

作者： Oliver S.Brown Toby O.Smith andrew j.Gaukroger Prodromos Tsinaslanidis Caroline B.Hing St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust LondonUnited Kingdom Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of East AngliaNonwvichUnited Kingdom

Purpose:Alcohol has been associated with 10%—35%trauma admissions and 40%trauma-related deaths *** response to the COVID-19 pandemic,the United Kingdom entered a state of"lockdown"on March 23,*** were most significantly eased on june 1,2020,when shops and schools *** purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of lockdown on alcohol-related trauma ***:All adult patients admitted as"trauma calls"to a London major trauma centre during April 2018 and April 2019(pre-lockdown,n=316),and 1st April—31st May 2020(lockdown,n=191)had electronic patient records analysed ***’blood alcohol level and records of intoxication were used to identify alcohol-related *** admissions from pre-lockdown and lockdown cohorts were compared using multiple regression ***:Alcohol-related trauma was present in a significantly higher proportion of adult trauma calls during lockdown(lockdown 60/191(31.4%),***-lockdown 62/316(19.6%);(odds ratio(OR):0.83,95%CI:0.38—1.28,p0.05).Conclusions:The United Kingdom lockdown was independently associated with an increased proportion of alcohol-related *** admissions were increased during the weekend when staffing levels are *** the possibility of further global"waves"of COVID-19,the long-term repercussions of dangerous alcohol-related behaviour to public health must be addressed.

关键词： Trauma Alcohol Lockdown COVID-19 Major trauma centre

Activity-dependent signaling mechanisms regulating adult hippocampal neural stem cells and their progeny

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2014年第4期30卷 542-556页

作者： andrew j.Crowther juan Song Graduate Program of Neurobiology Curriculum University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Pharmacology University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599USA Neuroscience Center/Neurobiology Curriculum University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599USA School of Medicine University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599USA

Adult neural stem cells （NSCs） reside in a restricted microenvironment, where their development is controlled by subtle and presently underexplored cues. This raises a significant question： what instructions must be provided by this supporting niche to regulate NSC development and functions？ Signaling from the niche is proposed to control many aspects of NSC behavior, including balancing the quiescence and proliferation of NSCs, determining the cell division mode （symmetric versus asymmetric）, and preventing premature depletion of stem cells to maintain neurogenesis throughout life. Interactions between neurogenic niches and NSCs also govern the homeostatic regulation of adult neurogenesis under diverse physiological, environmental, and pathological conditions. An important implication from revisiting many previously-identified regulatory factors is that most of them （e.g., the antidepressant fluoxetine and exercise） affect gross neurogenesis by acting downstream of NSCs at the level of intermediate progenitors and neuroblasts, while leaving the NSC pool unaffected. Therefore, it is critically important to address how various niche components, signaling pathways, and environmental stimuli differentially regulate distinct stages of adult neurogenesis.

关键词： neural stem cell neuronal development neuronal plasticity

Zonal jet Creation from Secondary Instability of Drift Waves for Plasma Edge Turbulence

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2019年第6期40卷 869-890页

作者： Di QI andrew j.MAjDA Department of Mathematics and Center for Atmosphere and Ocean Science Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University

A new strategy is presented to explain the creation and persistence of zonal flows widely observed in plasma edge *** core physics in the edge regime of the magnetic-fusion tokamaks can be described qualitatively by the one-state modified Hasegawa-Mima(MHM for short)model,which creates enhanced zonal flows and more physically relevant features in comparison with the familiar Charney-Hasegawa-Mima(CHM for short)model for both plasma and geophysical *** generation mechanism of zonal jets is displayed from the secondary instability analysis via nonlinear interactions with a background base *** exponential growth in the zonal modes is induced due to a non-zonal drift wave base state in the MHM model,while stabilizing damping effect is shown with a zonal flow base *** with the selective decay effect from the dissipation,the secondary instability offers a complete characterization of the convergence process to the purely zonal *** numerical simulations with and without dissipation are carried out to confirm the instability *** shows clearly the emergence of a dominant zonal flow from pure non-zonal drift waves with small perturbation in the initial *** comparison,the CHM model does not create instability in the zonal modes and usually converges to homogeneous turbulence.

关键词： Zonal flow generation Drift wave turbulence Secondary instability Modified Hasegawa-Mima model

Pneumatic programmable superrepellent surfaces

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Droplet 2022年第1期1卷 48-55页

作者： Songtao Hu Xiaobao Cao Tom Reddyhoff Xijia Ding Xi Shi Daniele Dini andrew j.deMello Zhike Peng Zuankai Wang School of Mechanical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and VibrationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Guangzhou Laboratory GuangzhouChina Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonUK Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Morphological transformation of surface structures is widely manifested in nature and highly preferred for many applications such as wetting interaction;however,in situ tuning of artificial morphologies independent of smart responsive materials remains ***,with the aid of microfluidics,we develop a pneumatic programmable superrepellent surface by tailoring conventional wetting materials(e.g.,polydimethylsiloxane)with embedded flexible chambers connecting a microfluidic system,thus realizing a morphological transformation for enhanced liquid repellency based on a nature‐inspired rigid‐flexible hybrid principle(i.e.,triggering symmetry breaking and oscillator coupling mechanisms).The enhancement degree can be in situ tuned within around 300 ms owing to pneumatically controllable chamber *** also demonstrate that the surface can be freely programmed to achieve elaborated morphological pathways and gradients for preferred droplet manipulation such as directional rolling and *** study highlights the potential of an in situ morphological transformation to realize tunable wettability and provides a programmable level of droplet control by intellectualizing conventional wetting materials.

关键词： transformation connecting breaking

A Ring-Reinforced Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduit Is Associated with Better Regional Mechanics after Stage I Norwood Operation

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Congenital Heart Disease 2022年第5期17卷 591-603页

作者： Benjamin Zielonka David M.Harrild Sunil j.Ghelani Eleni G.Elia Christopher W.Baird andrew j.Powell Rahul H.Rathod Department of Cardiology Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUSA Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUSA Department of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA

Background:The right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit(RVPAC)may impair right ventricular(RV)function in patients with functional single right *** of the RVPAC using a ring-reinforced end with dunked insertion into the RV through a limited ventriculotomy may reduce the impact on RV *** compared RV segmental strain between patients with a traditional RVPAC and ring-reinforced RVPAC using feature tracking cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CMR)***:Patients with CMR examinations after Stage I operation with RVPAC between 2000 and 2018 were *** mass,volumes,late gadolinium enhancement(LGE),and peak radial and circumferential strain of the 4 segments near the RVPAC insertion site were ***:The study included 71 CMR examinations in 61 patients(30 traditional RVPAC,31 ring-reinforced RVPAC).Prior to Stage II,the ring-reinforced RVPAC group had better peak radial strain and circumferential strain in 1 of 4 segments proximal to the RVPAC insertion site compared to the traditional RVPAC *** to Stage III operation,the ring-reinforced group had better peak radial and circumferential strain in 2 of 4 *** at the RVPAC insertion site was observed in 97%of patients before Stage II and 95%of patients before Stage *** type and regional strain were not associated with transplant-free survival during a median follow-up of 6.3 ***:Compared to a traditional RVPAC,the ring-reinforced RVPAC is associated with improved regional mechanics at the conduit insertion *** investigation of long-term outcomes after ring-reinforced RVPAC is warranted.

关键词： Single ventricle hypoplastic left heart syndrome cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking

Tribological performance of novel nickel-based composite coatings with lubricant particles

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Friction 2019年第2期7卷 169-180页

作者： Ignacio TUDELA andrew j.COBLEY Yi ZHANG Daido Metal Co. Ltd.European Technical Centre UKResearch & Development Department Functional Materials Research Centre for Manufacturing and Materials EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringEnvironment and ComputingCoventry University

The present study is focused on the evaluation of the tribological performance of novel Ni/h BN and Ni/WS_2 composite coatings electrodeposited from an additive-free Watts bath with the assistance of ultrasound. Lubricated and non-lubricated scratch tests were performed on both novel composite coatings and on standard Ni deposits used as a benchmark coating to have an initial idea of the effect of the presence of particles within the Ni matrix. Under lubricated conditions, the performance of the Ni/h BN composite coating was very similar to the benchmark Ni coating, whereas the Ni/WS_2 behaved quite differently, as the latter did not only show a lower coefficient of friction, but also prevented the occurrence of stick-slip motion that was clearly observed in the other coatings. Under non-lubricated conditions, whereas the tribological performance of the Ni/hBN composite coating was again very similar to that of the benchmark Ni coating, the Ni/WS_2 composite coatings again showed a remarkable enhancement, as the incorporation of the WS_2 particles into the Ni coating not only resulted in a lower coefficient of friction, but also in the prevention of coating failure.

关键词： nickel tungsten disulphide hexagonal boron nitride composite coatings solid lubricant tribology

Challenges in studying geographic atrophy(GA) age-related macular degeneration: the potential of a new mouse model with GA-like features

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 863-864页

作者： j. Arjuna Ratnayaka andrew j. Lotery Clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Eye Unit University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK

Loss of central vision critical to everyday activities such as reading,face-recognition and driving due to damage in the central retina (the macula) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness amongst adults in the developed *** condition,termed age-related macular degeneration (AMD),is a complex,chronic degenerative disease driven by a combination of genetic and lifestyle risk *** signs of retinal changes in people as young as 30–40 years have been reported,although these individuals appear to be ***,by the age of 65,the disease is present in ~3% of individuals,which increases dramatically to affect 1/3 of individuals by the eighth decade of *** to intermediate AMD is estimated to affect ~150 million individuals globally,with another 10 million individuals suffering from end-stage,sight-threatening *** terminal stages are broadly grouped into dry (geographic atrophy,GA) or wet (choroidal neovascular,CNV) AMD (Sarks et al.,1988;Bird et al.,2014),with similar frequencies reported in *** advances in identifying genetic risk factors,including our discoveries in this field,indicate an initial shared pathology before progressing to aforementioned late-stage ***,GA patients have no effective treatment,which may in part be due to the lack of good in vivo models for GA ***,we summarize our new findings that describe an altogether new mouse model with GA-like features which shows progressive outer retinal pathology (Ibbett et al.,2019) that can be used to gain novel insights into GA and potentially as a tool for drug development.

关键词： macula central vision degenerative disease

The F-box-only protein 44 regulates pregnane X receptor protein level by ubiquitination and degradation

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第11期13卷 4523-4534页

作者： Rebecca R.Florke Gee andrew D.Huber jing Wu Richa Bajpai Allister j.Loughran Shondra M.Pruett-Miller Taosheng Chen Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Center for Advanced Genome Engineering and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA

Pregnane X receptor(PXR)is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that transcriptionally upregulates drug-metabolizing enzymes[e.g.,cytochrome P4503A4(CYP3A4)]and *** the regulation of PXR target genes is well-characterized,less is known about the regulation of PXR protein *** screening an RNAi library,we identified the F-box-only protein 44(FBXO44)as a novel E3ligase for *** abundance increases upon knockdown of FBXO44,and,inversely,decreases upon overexpression of *** analysis revealed that FBXO44 interacts with PXR,leading to its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation,and we determined that the F-box associated domain of FBXO44 and the ligand binding domain of PXR are required for the functional *** summary,FBXO44 regulates PXR protein abundance,which has downstream consequences for CYP3A4 levels and drug-drug *** results of this study provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate PXR protein level and activity and suggest the importance of considering how modulating E3ubiquitin ligase activities will affect PXR-mediated drug metabolism.

关键词： PXR FBXO44 Ubiquitination Proteasomal degradation CYP3A4 Drug-drug interactions E3 ligase Nuclear receptor