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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第5期17卷 705-712页

作者： Y.P.Du j.w.yang R.Shi X.C.Cui SchoolofMaterialScience TaiyuanUniversityofScience＆TechnologyTaiyuan080024China SchoolofMechanism YanshanUniversityQinghuangdao066004China

According to turbulent theory and characteristics of beam blank continuous casting, 3-D model to represent the flow of beam blank mould is established. The predicted results indicate that the exit obliquity of up 15°(+15°) should be adopted, which will benefit the floatation of non-metallic inclusion and purification of the molten steel. when the nozzle angle is 120°, the flow pattern is reasonable. Proper nozzle depth can be 200mm. Turbulent kinetic of meniscus can be reduced by adopting the square nozzle and suitable area of side outlet when casting speed increases. The results are consistent with those of water model experiment, so the model is exact and reasonable. The model can provide important information for design of SEN and defining of immersion depth.

关键词： SEN parameter SEN shape beam blank continuous casting 3-D flow distribution turbulent kinetic energy

The design and performance of charged particle detector onboard the GECAM mission

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第1期6卷 53-62页

作者： Y.B.Xu X.Q.Li X.L.Sun S.yang H.wang w.X.Peng X.H.Liang K.Gong Y.Q.Liu D.Y.Guo X.Y.Zhao C.Y.Li Z.H.An j.j.He X.j.Liu X.Y.wen S.L.Xiong Fan Zhang D.L.Zhang C.Y.Zhang C.Cai Z.Chang G.Chen C.Chen Y.Y.Du M.Gao R.Gao D.j.Hou Y.G.Li G.Li L.Li X.F.Li M.S.Li F.j.Lu H.Lu B.Meng F.Shi j.Z.wang Y.S.wang H.Z.wang X.wen S.Xiao Y.P.Xu j.w.yang Q.B.Yi S.N.Zhang C.M.Zhang F.Zhang Y.Zhao X.Zhou Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Background The Gravitational wave highly energetic Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor(GECAM)is dedicated to detecting gravitational wave gamma-ray *** is capable of all-sky monitoring over and discovering gamma-ray bursts and new radiation *** consists of two microsatellites,each equipped with 8 charged particle detectors(CPDs)and 25 gamma-ray detectors(GRDs).Purpose The CPD is used to measure charged particles in the space environment,monitor energy and flow intensity changes,and identify between gamma-ray bursts and space charged particle events in conjunction with *** CPD uses plastic scintillator as the sensitive material for detection,silicon photomultiplier array as the optically readable device,and the inlaid Am-241 radioactive source as the onboard calibration *** In this paper,we will present the working principle,physical design,functional implementation and preliminary performance test results of the *** a result,the energy range of electron,gamma-ray detection efficiency and dead time are tested to be better than the indexes required through the ground calibration experiment.

关键词： GECAM CPD SiPM

Quality assurance test and failure analysis of SiPM arrays of GECAM satellites

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第1期6卷 35-42页

作者： D.L.Zhang M.Gao X.L.Sun X.Q.Li Z.H.An X.Y.wen C.Cai Z.Chang G.Chen C.Chen Y.Y.Du R.Gao K.Gong D.Y.Guo j.j.He D.j.Hou Y.G.Li C.Y.Li G.Li L.Li X.F.Li M.S.Li X.H.Liang X.j.Liu Y.Q.Liu F.j.Lu H.Lu B.Meng w.X.Peng F.Shi H.wang j.Z.wang Y.S.wang H.Z.wang X.wen S.Xiao S.L.Xiong Y.B.Xu Y.P.Xu S.yang j.w.yang Fan.Zhang S.N.Zhang C.Y.Zhang C.M.Zhang Fei Zhang X.Y.Zhao X.Zhou Institute of High Energy Physics CASBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China

Background The Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor(GECAM)satellite developed a SiPM-based gamma-ray detector to monitor the gravitational wave-related GRBs and guide subsequent observations in other wavelengths of *** As all the available SiPM devices belong to commercial grade,quality assurance tests need to be performed in accordance with the aerospace *** In the SiPM application of GECAM,quality assurance experiments were *** mechanism of the failure of SiPM devices was analyzed during the development *** Based on the quality assurance test results,the fnal pass rate of SiPM array was 95%.Based on the failure analysis,it was found that a piece of SiPM had a leakage channel after longtime operation due to device *** According to the accumulated experience,in the reliability test of SiPM,it is necessary to pay special attention to test the impedance of each pin of SiPM to ground and confrm that the power switch state of SiPM is controllable.

关键词： Gravitational waves Gamma-ray detectors Silicon photomultipliers Quality assurance test Failure analysis

The data acquisition algorithm designed for the SiPM-based detectors of GECAM satellite

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第1期6卷 70-77页

作者： Y.Q.Liu K.Gong X.Q.Li X.Y.wen Z.H.An C.Cai Z.Chang G.Chen C.Chen Y.Y.Du M.Gao R.Gao D.Y.Guo j.j.He D.j.Hou Y.G.Li C.Y.Li G.Li L.Li X.F.Li M.S.Li X.H.Liang X.j.Liu F.j.Lu H.Lu B.Meng w.X.Peng F.Shi X.L.Sun H.wang j.Z.wang Y.S.wang H.Z.wang X.wen S.Xiao S.L.Xiong Y.B.Xu Y.P.Xu S.yang j.w.yang Q.B.Yi Fan Zhang D.L.Zhang S.N.Zhang C.Y.Zhang C.M.Zhang Fei Zhang X.Y.Zhao Y.Zhao X.Zhou Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Physics and Space Science College China West Normal UniversityNanchong 637002China

Background The Gravitational wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor(GECAM)consists of 2 microsatellites,each of which contains 25 GRD(LaBr3)detectors and 8 CPD(plastic scintillator)*** silicon photomultiplier(SiPM)array is used to read each *** output signal of these detectors with SiPM array is very special and challenging to *** this study,a novel data acquisition(DAQ)algorithm for these detectors is designed and implemented,and the content of the output event packet is *** and Conclusion The performances,including the event acquisition efficiency of this DAQ algorithm,are extensively verified through experimental *** the on-ground and in-flight tests,this algorithm has excellent performance despite the very limited resources and short development time of GECAM mission.

关键词： Silicon photomultiplier Digital waveform processing Data acquisition

Dedicated SiPM array for GRD of GECAM

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第1期6卷 63-69页

作者： D.L.Zhang X.L.Sun Z.H.An X.Q.Li X.Y.wen K.Gong C.Cai Z.Chang G.Chen C.Chen Y.Y.Du M.Gao R.Gao D.Y.Guo j.j.He D.j.Hou Y.G.Li C.Y.Li G.Li L.Li X.F.Li M.S.Li X.H.Liang X.j.Liu Y.Q.Liu F.j.Lu H.Lu B.Meng w.X.Peng F.Shi H.wang j.Z.wang Y.S.wang H.Z.wang X.wen S.Xiao S.L.Xiong Y.B.Xu Y.P.Xu S.yang1 X.Zhou j.w.yang Fan Zhang S.N.Zhang C.Y.Zhang C.M.Zhang Fei Zhang X.Y.Zhao Institute of High Energy Physics CASBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Beijing 100049China

Purpose The discovery of gravitational waves and gamma-ray bursts heralds the era of multi-messenger *** the adoption of two small satellites to achieve the all-sky monitoring of gamma-ray bursts,the gravitational wave highenergy electromagnetic counterpart all-sky monitor(GECAM)possesses a quasi-real-time early warning ability and plays an important role in positioning the sources of gravitational waves and in subsequent *** satellite of GECAM was fitted with 253-inch-diameter gamma-ray detectors(GRD),covering an energy range of 8–2 *** have adopted silicon photomultiplier tubes(SiPM)in lieu of photomultiplier tubes(PMT)to adapt to the dimensional limitations of *** A unique 3-inch circular SiPM array was *** this design,646×6 mm chips were arranged evenly in a circular manner with the seams filled with reflecting films,thus achieving satisfactory uniformity of light *** integrated pre-amplifier circuit on the back of the SiPM array adopted two-level grouping and summing;further,it achieved a satisfactory signal-to-noise *** high-gain and low-gain channels were adopted to achieve a large dynamic range,and two independent power supply units were used,where each unit can be closed separately,thus improving *** Performance studies show that this SiPM array meets the requirements of *** A 3-inch SiPM array have been developed that uses grouped summation,reflective films,a circular arrangement,two groups of independent power supplies,high-and low-gain signals,differential signal output technologies,*** solution can be used not only for GECAM,but also as a general solution for SiPM-based scintillation detectors.

关键词： SiPM GECAM Gamma-ray Signal-to-noise ratio Reflecting film Pre-amplifier

The design and performance of GRD onboard the GECAM satellite

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第1期6卷 43-52页

作者： Z.H.An X.L.Sun D.L.Zhang S.yang X.Q.Li X.Y.wen K.Gong X.H.Liang X.j.Liu Y.Q.Liu Y.G.Li S.L.Xiong Y.B.Xu Fan Zhang X.Y.Zhao C.Cai Z.Chang G.Chen C.Chen Y.Y.Du P.Y.Feng M.Gao R.Gao D.Y.Guo j.j.He D.j.Hou C.Y.Li G.Li L.Li X.F.Li M.S.Li F.j.Lu H.Lu B.Meng w.X.Peng F.Shi H.wang j.Z.wang Y.S.wang H.Z.wang X.wen S.Xiao Y.P.Xu j.w.yang Q.B.Yi S.N.Zhang C.Y.Zhang C.M.Zhang Fei Zhang Y.Zhao X.Zhou CAS Institute of High Energy PhysicsBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Beijing 100049China 3 Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China 4 Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 110875China Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105China Beijing Normal University Beijing 110875China

Background Each GECAM satellite payload contains 25 gamma-ray detectors(GRDs),which can detect gamma-rays and particles and can roughly localize the Gamma-Ray Bursts(GRBs).GRD was designed using lanthanum bromide(LaBr3)crystal as the sensitive material with the rear end coupled with silicon photomultiplier(SiPM)array for *** In aerospace engineering design of GRD,there are many key points to be *** this paper,we present the specific design scheme of GRD,the assembly and the performance test results of *** Based on Monte Carlo simulation and experimental test results,the specific schematic design and assembling process of GRD were *** being fully assembled,the GRDs were conducted performance tests by using radioactive source and also conducted random vibration *** and conclusion The test results show that all satellite-borne GRDs have energy resolutionws that GRD can maintain in a stable performance,which meets the requirement of spatial application.

关键词： Lanthanum bromide scintillator SiPM array GECAM Gamma-ray detector Energy resolution

The technology for detection of gamma-ray burst with GECAM satellite

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第1期6卷 12-25页

作者： X.Q.Li X.Y.wen Z.H.An C.Cai Z.Chang G.Chen C.Chen Y.Y.Du M.Gao R.Gao K.Gong D.Y.Guo j.j.He D.j.Hou Y.G.Li C.Y.Li G.Li L.Li X.F.Li M.S.Li X.H.Liang X.j.Liu Y.Q.Liu F.j.Lu H.Lu B.Meng w.X.Peng F.Shi X.L.Sun H.wang j.Z.wang Y.S.wang H.Z.wang X.wen S.Xiao S.L.Xiong Y.B.Xu Y.P.Xu S.yang j.w.yang Q.B.Yi D.L.Zhang Fan Zhang S.N.Zhang C.Y.Zhang C.M.Zhang Fei Zhang X.Y.Zhao Y.Zhao X.Zhou C.S.Zhang j.P.Yu L.Chang K.K.Zhang j.Huang Y.M.Chen X.B.Han Institute of High Energy Physics CASBeijing 100049China Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105China Beijing Normal University Beijing 110875China Beijing Glass Research Institute Beijing 101100China Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of CAS Shanghai 201204China

Introduction The main physical objective of the GECAM satellite is to detect gamma-ray bursts,which is related to gravitational waves of double compact object *** GECAM satellite also detects and investigates various bursts of high-energy celestial *** and methods In this study,we designed,developed and calibrated the payload and launched it into orbit with GECAM *** payload consists of the gamma ray detector(GRD,for detecting 4 keV–4 MeV X/γray),the charged particle detector(CPD,for detecting 150 keV–5 MeV charged particle),and the electronic box(EBOX).The all-sky field coverage is achieved via two 229-degree large-area satellites positioned 180 degrees apart and are on opposite sides of the *** satellite is equipped with 25 GRDs and 8 CPDs;thus,the satellite can identify charged particle bursts in ***-ray detectors adopt lanthanum bromide crystal technology combined with silicon *** is the first time that this technology was used massively in space *** The GECAM satellite can quickly determine the direction of gamma-ray bursts(positioning)via indexing and fitting method,while the transmit variability,energy spectrum and direction of the gamma-ray bursts guide subsequent observations through the Beidou-3 RDSS in quasi-real *** will play an important role in the study of high energy celestial bursts.

关键词： GECAM Gamma-ray burst Lanthanum bromide crystal Silicon photomultiplier Beidou short message

Increase in the variability of terrestrial carbon uptake in response to enhanced future ENSO modulation

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 32-38页

作者： Younong Li Li Dan jing Peng Qidong yang Fuqiang yang Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Processes in the Boundary Layer over the Low-Latitude Plateau Region Department of Atmospheric ScienceYunnan UniversityKunmingChina

El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is a major driver of climate change in middle and low latitudes and thus strongly influences the terrestrial carbon cycle through land-air *** the ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability are projected to increase in the future,but their connection still needs further *** investigate the impact of future ENSO modulation on carbon flux variability,this study used 10 CMIP6 earth system models to analyze ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability in middle and low latitudes,and their relationship,under different scenarios simulated by CMIP6 *** results show a high consistency in the simulations,with both ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability showing an increasing trend in the *** higher the emissions scenario,especially SSP5-8.5 compared to SSP2-4.5,the greater the increase in *** flux variability in the middle and low latitudes under SSP2-4.5 increases by 30.9%compared to historical levels during 1951-2000,while under SSP5-8.5 it increases by 58.2%.Further analysis suggests that ENSO influences mid-and low-latitude carbon flux variability primarily through *** occurrence may potentially be attributed to the increased responsiveness of gross primary productivity towards regional temperature fluctuations,combined with the intensified influence of ENSO on land surface temperatures.

关键词： Carbon variability ENSO modulation CMIP6 models

High-temperature-tolerant flexible supercapacitors: Gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 426-457页

作者： Chong Peng Xinyi Huang Mingwei Zhao Shuling Liao Quanhong yang Nianjun yang Siyu Yu School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Southwest University Nanoyang Group Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Department of Chemistry & IMO-IMOMEC Hasselt University

The development of flexible supercapacitors(FSCs) capable of operating at high temperatures is crucial for expanding the application areas and operating conditions of supercapacitors. Gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials stand as two key components that significantly impact the efficacy of hightemperature-tolerant FSCs(HT-FSCs). They should not only exhibit high electrochemical performance and excellent flexibility, but also withstand intense thermal stress. Considerable efforts have been devoted to enhancing their thermal stability while maintaining high electrochemical and mechanical performance. In this review, the fundamentals of HT-FSCs are outlined. A comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art progress and achievements in HT-FSCs, with a focus on thermally stable gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials is provided. Finally, challenges and future perspectives regarding HT-FSCs are discussed, alongside strategies for elevating operational temperatures and *** review offers both theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for designing and manufacturing HT-FSCs, further promoting their widespread adoption across diverse fields.

关键词： Flexible supercapacitors High-temperature tolerance Gel polymer electrolytes Electrode materials

Role of the Greenland Sea ice anomaly in the late-spring drought over Northwest China

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 1-5页

作者： yang Liu Huopo Chen Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University for Information Science and TechnologyNanjingChina

Drought across Northwest China in late spring has exerted a vital effect on the local climate and agricultural production,and has been alleviated during the past *** study explored the influence of the preceding Arctic sea ice on the May drought in Northwest China caused by the precipitation *** analysis indicated that when the Greenland Sea ice concentration is abnormally high during February to April,the dry conditions in Northwest China tend to be *** increase of sea ice in the Greenland Sea can excite a meridional circulation,which causes sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies in the North Atlantic via the sea-air interaction,manifested as significant warm SST anomalies over the south of Greenland and the subtropical North Atlantic,but negative SST anomalies over the west of the *** abnormal SST pattern maintains to May and triggers a zonal wave train from the North Atlantic through Scandinavia and Central Asia to Northwest China,leading to abnormal cyclones in Northwest ***,Northwest China experiences a more humid climate than usual.

关键词： Arctic sea ice Greenland Sea North Atlantic SST Drought Northwest China