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Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela Seplovich Yazan Bouchi juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari jennifer C.Munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref Kevin K.Wang j.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric Critical Care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse School of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

心脏孤立性室间隔缺损的外科解剖和房室传导组织

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国际外科学杂志 1980年第4期07卷 180-184页

作者： Simcha milo 鲁泽清

作者研究了一组孤立性室间隔缺损的心脏,以确定其外科解剖,并明确房室传导组织与缺损边缘的关系。全组检查了63个心脏,也研究了其中12例的房室传导系统的连续切片。正如Soto ***,lie和Anderson以前所建议的,所有缺损可分为膜部型,肌部... 详细信息

作者研究了一组孤立性室间隔缺损的心脏,以确定其外科解剖,并明确房室传导组织与缺损边缘的关系。全组检查了63个心脏,也研究了其中12例的房室传导系统的连续切片。正如Soto ***,lie和Anderson以前所建议的,所有缺损可分为膜部型,肌部型和动脉下漏斗部三种类型。膜部缺损的特点是中心纤维体形成其部分边缘。这一事实说明,当经过右心房径路到达缺损时,传导组织经常位于外科医生的右侧。心室传导组织的确切解剖关系取决于膜部缺损是否延及肌性空间隔的入口、小梁或漏斗部而异。在入口缺损和小梁间的缺损未分支的传导束离边缘最近,经常包绕在室间隔的膜性残留部分内,但在另外一些标本中也发现未分支传导束和传导束分支远离室上嵴,并延伸至室间隔的左心室而。在漏斗部膜部缺损时,在远离室上嵴处可发现传导组织。与以上所见形成对照,外科医生经右心房检查入口部肌性缺损时,则穿透支和未分支传导束与缺损的左侧缘相关。在小梁和漏斗部肌性缺损,以及动脉在下漏斗部缺损时,若缺损的房侧缘是肌性,则传导组织又出现在远离缺损的边缘处。 Truex Bishof和lev的研究第一次确定了室间隔缺损时心脏传导系统的经路并革新了他们的手术纠治方法。然而,尽管这些研究指出房室束与膜部缺损的室上嵴有关,但外科医生通过这一事实,即在修补室间隔缺损时,在入口部肌性缺损的上方,仍可能引起房室分离或束支传导阻滞。这可能反映出对房室束的穿透部位,其与纤维膜的关系在缺损边缘处以及束支与室上嵴的关系,均缺乏确切的认识。关于纤维膜的问题极为重要。因为Goor和Lilleher提示纤维(白)组织与传导组织无关。它与室上嵴的关系很重要,因为法鲁氏四联症时嵴部通常没有束支分支。这一认识促使某些作者建议直接在室上嵴上缝合。然而有些四联症心脏的传导组织可能直接与室上嵴关联,因而在手术修补时有相当大的危险。正如Lev以前所提示的,法鲁氏四联症时所见的传导组织分布变异,在孤立性室间隔缺损时亦同样存在。因为新近研究提示,所谓“膜性”缺

关键词：室间隔膜部分支缺损边缘心脏室间隔缺损先天性心脏病漏斗部房室传导三尖瓣右房室瓣心瓣膜外科解剖孤立性

The supernova remnant CTB 37B and its associated magnetar CXOU j171405.7-381031:evidence for a magnetar-driven remnant

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011年第6期11卷 625-630页

作者： j.E.Horvath M.P.Allen Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas-Universidade de So PauloRua do Mato122605508-900 Cidade Universitria So Paulo SPBrazil CEFET So Paulo Rua Pedro Vicente 62501109-010Caninde'So Paulo SPBrazil

We discuss the association between the candidate magnetar CXOU j171405.7-381031 and the supernova remnant CTB *** recent detection of the period derivative of the object allowed an estimation of a young characteristic age of only ～ *** value is too small to be compatible even with the minimum radius of the remnant being ≥ 10 pc,the value corresponding to the lower limit of the estimated distance of 10.2 ± 3.5 kpc,unless the true distance happens to be even smaller than the lower *** argue that a consistent scenario for the remnant＇s origin,in which the latter is powered by the energy injected by a young magnetar,is indeed more accurate to explain the young age,and demonstrates its non-standard（***-driven） nature.

关键词： stars:supernova — stars:neutron

Safe mining practices under wide spans in underground non-caving mines——Case studies

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第4期29卷 535-540页

作者： j.j.Ran Kinross Gold Corporation

Mining under wide span is of concern as it increases the probability of back caving causing personnel injury and equipment damage in underground mines in open stoping and underhand drift-and-fill *** restricting personnel access to well supported lateral development is commonly practiced,it is not always possible to implement this requirement due to various factors such as ore loss control,drilling equipment limitations,availability of remote operating capacity and consideration of *** with rules implemented to limit personnel entry into openings with wide spans,the hazards of equipment damage and back caving still *** the years,different practices have been reported and adopted to minimize risks associated with exposure to large spans in various underground *** from these practices are beneficial to current and future mines with challenges of safe extraction of thick deposits in a non-caving *** paper briefly summarizes practices in mining wide orebodies using the open stoping method without personnel access and underhand mining using the drift-andfill method with personnel exposure in the industry and presents cases from Kinross mines where the hanging pillar design was tested,and stope backs were naturally and artificially supported for extraction under wide spans using the open stoping method.

关键词： Mine safety Wide span Back stability Underhand mining Hanging pillar

The Role of Synthetic Biology in Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Reduction: Prospects and Challenges

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BioDesign Research 2020年第1期2020卷 1-8页

作者： Charles DeLisi Aristides Patrinos Michael MacCracken Dan Drell George Annas Adam Arkin George Church Robert Cook-Deegan Henry jacoby Mary Lidstrom jerry Melillo Ron milo Keith Paustian john Reilly Richard j.Roberts Daniel Segrè Susan Solomon Dominic Woolf Stan D.Wullschleger Xiaohan Yang Department of Biomedical Engineering and Program in Bioinformatics College of EngineeringBoston UniversityBoston MA 02215USA The NOVIM Group Kohn HallUC Santa BarbaraCA 93106USA Climate Institute WashingtonDCUSA Department of Energy WashingtonDCUSA Center for Health Law Ethics&Human Rights at the Boston University School of Public HealthSchool of MedicineBoston UniversityUSA Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaBerkeley CAUSA Department of Genetics Harvard Medical SchoolCambridge MAUSA School for the Future of Innovation in Society Arizona State UniversityBarrett&O’Connor Washington Center1800 I StreetNWWashingtonDC 20006USA Sloan School of Management MITCambridge MAUSA Department of Chemical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattle WashingtonUSA The Ecosystems Center of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole MAUSA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort Collins CO 80523USA MIT joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change MITCambridge MAUSA New England Biolabs Beverly MAUSA Department of Biology and Program in Bioinformatics Boston UniversityBoston MA 02215USA Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMITCambridge MAUSA Soil and Crop Sciences Section School of Integrated Plant SciencesCornell UniversityIthaca NYUSA Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TNUSA Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

The long atmospheric residence time of CO2 creates an urgent need to add atmospheric carbon drawdown to CO2 regulatory *** and systems biology(SSB),which enables manipulation of cellular phenotypes,offers a powerful approach to amplifying and adding new possibilities to current land management practices aimed at reducing atmospheric *** participants(in attendance:Christina Agapakis,George Annas,Adam Arkin,George Church,Robert Cook-Deegan,Charles DeLisi,Dan Drell,Sheldon Glashow,Steve Hamburg,Henry jacoby,Henry Kelly,Mark Kon,Todd Kuiken,Mary Lidstrom,Mike MacCracken,june Medford,jerry Melillo,Ron milo,Pilar Ossorio,Ari Patrinos,Keith Paustian,Kristala jones Prather,Kent Redford,David Resnik,john Reilly,Richard ***,Daniel Segre,Susan Solomon,Elizabeth Strychalski,Chris Voigt,Dominic Woolf,Stan Wullschleger,and Xiaohan Yang)identified a range of possibilities by which SSB might help reduce greenhouse gas concentrations and which might also contribute to environmental sustainability and *** include,among other possibilities,engineering plants to convert CO2 produced by respiration into a stable carbonate,designing plants with an increased root-to-shoot ratio,and creating plants with the ability to self-fertilize.A number of serious ecological and societal challenges must,however,be confronted and resolved before any such application can be fully assessed,realized,and deployed.

关键词： Synthetic Roberts enable

Gas Line Pressure Fluctuation Analysis of a Gas-Liquid Reactor

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journal of Thermal Science 2005年第3期14卷 267-271页

作者： j.j.j. CHEN j.C. ZHAO Chemical & Materials Engineering Department The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand ProfessorChemical & Materials Engineering Department The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand

To ensure efficient operation of metallurgical gas-liquid reactors, the gas bubbles must be uniformly distributed. For high temperature metallurgical reactors, it is impractical and unsafe to carry out visual observations. An air-water model was used to study the relationship between the bubble flow patterns and the pressure fluctuation signals. The fluctuation signals captured in the time domain were transformed into the frequency domain. Various parameters obtained from the transformed data were analysed for their suitability for delineating the bubble flow patterns observed. These parameters and the flow patterns were found to be well-correlated using the gas flow number.

关键词： gas liquid reactors bubble distribution signal analysis

Relations between mercury fractions and microbial community components in seawater under the presence and absence of probable phosphorus limitation conditions

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 145-162页

作者： Igor ?ivkovi? Vesna Fajon jo?e Kotnik Yaroslav Shlyapnikov Kristina Obu Vazner Ermira Begu Stefanija ?estanovi? Danijela ?anti? Ana Vrdoljak Slaven jozi? Mladen ?oli? jelena Lu?i? jere Ve?a Grozdan Ku?pili? Marin Ordulj Frano Mati? Branka Grbec Natalia Bojani? ?ivana Nin?evi? Gladan Milena Horvat Department of Environmental Sciences Jo?ef Stefan Institute jo?ef Stefan International Postgraduate School Ecological Engineering Institute Maribor 2000 Slovenia Laboratory of Marine Microbiology Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesSplit 21000 Croatia Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography and Sedimentology of the Sea Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesSplit 21000 Croatia Laboratory of Chemical Oceanography and Sedimentology of the Sea Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Department of Marine Studies University of SplitSplit 21000 Croatia Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesSplit 21000 Croatia Laboratory of Plankton and Shellfish Toxicity Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesSplit 21000 Croatia

Microbial transformations of toxic monomethylmercury(MMHg) and dissolved gaseous mercury(DGM) at the lower levels of the marine food web are not well understood, especially in oligotrophic and phosphorus-limited seas. To examine the effects of probable phosphorus limitation(~PP-limitation) on relations between mercury(Hg) fractions and microorganisms, we determined the total mercury(THg), total methylated mercury(MeHg), DGM, and microbiological and chemical parameters in the Central Adriatic Sea. Using statistical analysis, we assessed the potential microbial effects on Hg transformations and bioaccumulation. Only in the absence of ~PP-limitation conditions(^(NO–P)P-limitation) is MeHg significantly related to most chemical and microbial parameters, indicating metabolism-dependent Hg *** heterotrophic activity of low nucleic acid bacteria(abundant in oligotrophic regions)seems responsible for most of Hg methylation under ^(NO–P)P-limitation. Under these conditions,DGM is strongly related to microbial fractions and chlorophyll a, indicating biological DGM production, which is probably not metabolically induced, as most of these relations are also observed underPP-limitation. MMHg biomagnification was observed through an increased bioaccumulation factor from microseston to mesozooplankton. Our results indicate that Hgtransformations and uptake might be enhanced under ^(NO–P)P-limitation conditions, emphasizing their impact on the transfer of Hg to higher trophic levels.

关键词： Mercury speciation Methylmercury Probable phosphorus limitation Microbial community

Computational study on influence of RF shielding box on inductance of coil

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第6期21卷 23-28页

作者： S j KIM j j LEE Y S LEE j H KIM S j YOU Applied Physics lab for PLasma Engineering(APPLE) Department of Physics Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea

Despite the fact that a radio frequency (RF) shielding box affects a coil inductance used in matching network,RF engineers have used a coil inductance measured in open space on designing matching networks since it is difficult to precisely measure the coil inductance within the RF shielding *** this work,we investigate the influences of the RF shielding box on the coil inductance via a 3D full electromagnetic wave *** results shows that the coil inductance decreases from-6.0% to-11.9% compared with its ideal inductance depending on coil positions within the RF shielding *** inductive and capacitive coupling between the coil and surfaces of the RF shielding box contribute to the reduction of the coil *** expect that these results would be useful for those who design RF matching networks.

关键词： 3D full EM wave simulation RF matching component RF shield inductive and capacitive coupling

Formation of High-quality Advanced High-k Oxide Layers at Low Temperature by Excimer UV Lamp-assisted Photo-CVD and Sol-gel Processing

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 396-402页

作者： YU j. j. Electronic & Electrical Engineering University College London

We have successfully demonstrated that high quality and high dielectric constant layers can be fabricated by low temperature photo-induced or -assisted processing. Ta_2O_5 and ZrO_2 have been deposited at t<400 ℃ by means of a UV photo-CVD technique and HfO_2 by photo-assisted sol-gel processing with the aid of excimer lamps. The UV annealing of as-grown layers was found to significantly improve their electrical properties. Low leakage current densities on the order of 10 -8 A/cm 2 at 1 MV/cm for deposited ultrathin Ta_2O_5 films and ca.10 -6 A/cm 2 for the photo-CVD ZrO_2 layers and photo-irradiated sol-gel HfO_2 layers have been readily achieved. The improvement in the leakage properties of these layers is attributed to the UV-generated active oxygen species O( 1D) which strongly oxidize any suboxides to form more stoichiometric oxides on removing certain defects, oxygen vacancies and impurities present in the as-prepared layers. The photo-CVD Ta_2O_5 films deposited across 10.16-cm Si wafers exhibit a high thickness uniformity with a variation of less than \{±2.0%\} being obtained for ultrathin ca.10 nm thick films. The lamp technology can in principle be extended to larger area wafers, providing a promising low temperature route to the fabrication of a range of high quality thin films for future ULSI technology.

关键词： Excimer lamp High-kdielectrics Thin film Chemical vapour deposition(CVD) Sol-gel processing