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How Himalayan communities are changing cultivation practices in the context of climate change

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Regional Sustainability 2023年第4期4卷 378-389页

作者： Ashma SUBEDI Nani RAUT Smriti gurung Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Kathmandu UniversityDhulikhelKavre45200Nepal

Climate change can have significant impacts on crop yields and food *** study assessed the linkages between climate change and crop yields to obtain a better understanding on the drivers of food *** study was conducted in Pasagaun village of Lamjung District in Nepal,where household surveys and focus group discussions(FGDs)were used to collect data including crop cultivation,irrigation facilities,and adaptation ***,climate data(temperature and precipitation)from 1992 to 2020 were collected from the Khudi Bazar meteorological station and crop yield data were obtained from the Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics *** analysis of temperature and precipitation was conducted using MannKendall trend test and Sen’s slope method,and the results showed an increase in the average temperature of approximately 0.02℃/a and a decrease in the annual precipitation of 9.84 mm/*** cultivation of traditional varieties of rice and foxtail millet(Kaguno)has ***,there was no significant impact of the maximum temperature on the yield of rice and maize,the regression analysis revealed that there are negative relationships between rice yield and annual minimum temperature(r=-0.44),between millet yield and annual precipitation(r=-0.30),and between maize yield and annual minimum temperature(r=-0.31),as well as positive relationship between rice yield and annual precipitation(r=0.16).Moreover,average rice yield and millet yield have decreased by 27.0% and 57.0% in 2000-2020,*** other reasons for the decrease in crop yield such as the lack of irrigation facilities,out-migration of farmer,and increased pest infestation,respondents have adopted adaptation strategies(for example,shifts in cultivation time and changes in crop types)to minimize the impacts of climate *** investigation and community-based farming education are needed to understand and alleviate the harmful impacts of climate change on crop yield,

关键词： Climate change Crop yield Adaptation strategies Farming practices Food security Nepal

Overview of an early warning system for Glacial Lake outburst flood risk mitigation in Dudh-Koshi Basin, Nepal

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2021年第3期13卷 206-219页

作者： Sanjaya gurung Saroj Dhoj joshi Binod Parajuli Real Time Solutions Pvt.Ltd. Lalitpur 44700Nepal Department of Hydrology and Meteorology Kathmandu 44600Nepal

Natural disasters inflict severe damage on almost the entire spectrum of social and natural habitats. This ranges from housing and shelter, water, food, health, sanitation to information and communication networks, supply of power and energy,transportation infrastructure, and others. Nepal is a risk prone country for Glacial Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF). GLOFs exist as major challenges as they repeatedly cause a heavy toll of life and property. During such a disaster, major challenges are indeed the protection of life, property and vital life-supporting infrastructure. Any delay or laxity in disaster relief can escalate the magnitude of distress for the victims. Thus, rather than trying to take curative measures, it is better to minimize the impacts of GLOF. These measures subsequently help in reducing the magnitude of death and casualties due to a GLOF event. This reduction of impact is often achieved by optimizing preventive measures. For applying necessary deterrent measures, it is essential to disseminate information about the danger beforehand. Early Warning System(EWS) is an important step for such information dissemination for GLOF disaster management and helps to anticipate the risk of disaster and disseminate information to lives at risk. It is impossible and impractical to reduce all GLOF risks, but it is possible to reduce several impacts of a GLOF through the implementation of the EWS. This paper presents the design and implementation of an EWS for monitoring potential outbursts of a glacier lake in the Dudh-Koshi Basin, Nepal.

关键词： glacier climate change early warning system glacial lake outburst flood

Data-driven methods for discovery of next-generation electrostrictive materials

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2393-2399页

作者： Dennis P.Trujillo Ashok gurung jiacheng Yu Sanjeev K.Nayak S.Pamir Alpay Pierre-Eymeric janolin Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Materials Science University of ConnecticutStorrsCT06269USA X-Ray Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA Department of Physics University of ConnecticutStorrsCT06269USA UniversitéParis-Saclay CentraleSupélecCNRSLaboratoire SPMS91190Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

All dielectrics exhibit electrostriction,i.e.,display a quadratic strain response to an electric field compared to the linear strain dependence of *** such,there is significant interest in discovering new electrostrictors with enhanced electrostrictive coefficients,especially as electrostrictors can exhibit effective piezoelectricity when a bias electric field is *** present the results of a study combining data mining and first-principles computations that indicate that there exists a group of iodides,bromides,and chlorides that have electrostrictive coefficients exceeding 10 m^(4)C^(–2)which are substantially higher than typical oxide electrostrictive ceramics and *** corresponding effective piezoelectric voltage coefficients are three orders of magnitude larger than lead zirconate titanate.

关键词： strict piezoelectric exceeding

Influence of tannin-rich pine bark supplementation in the grain mixes for meat goats:Growth performance,blood metabolites,and carcass characteristics

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第1期6卷 85-91页

作者： Desnatie Reynolds Byeng Ryel Min Nar gurung Wendell McElhenney jung Hoon Lee Sandra Solaiman Olga Bolden-Tiller Tuskegee University TuskegeeAL36088USA United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service(USDA/ARS) BushlandTX79012USA Department of Agricultural Sciences Fort-Valley State UniversityFort-ValleyGA31030USA

The objective was to evaluate the use of condensed tannin(CT)-rich ground pine bark(PB)in grain mixed diets on meat goat growth performance,blood metabolites,and carcass *** four Kiko crossbred(Capra aegugrus hircus)growing male kids(BW=36.9±2,5 kg)at approximately 8 months of age were assigned randomly to 2 treatments with 3 replicates per treatment and 4 goats per *** goats were fed grain mixed diets composed of either 30%bermudagrass hay(BGH)plus concentrate(control)or 30%PB plus *** were fed at 1.2%of *** addition,all goats grazed a crabgrass/bermudagrass(CB)-based *** feeding trial lasted for 55 *** ground PB as a supplement did not negatively affect BW,average daily gain(ADG),carcass characteristics,meat pH,and meat color compared to the control *** gamma-glutamyl transferase(P=0.03),glucose(P<0.01)and Ca concentrations(P=0.04)were higher for PB than for BGH,*** 30%PB supplementation does not negatively affect animal performance,blood metabolites,and carcass parameters.

关键词： Pine bark Goats Animal performance Blood metabolites Carcass traits

Peanut skin in diet alters average daily gain, ruminal and blood metabolites,and carcass traits associated with Haemonchus contortus infection in meat goats~☆

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第3期5卷 278-285页

作者： Byeng R.Min Abrahamsen Frank Nar gurung jung H.Lee jong W.joo Wilmer Pacheco Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Tuskegee UniversityTuskegeeAL 36088USA Conservation and Production Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service(USDA/ARS)BushlandTX 79012USA Department of Agricultural Sciences Fort-Valley State UniversityFort-ValleyGA 31030USA Department of Companion Animal and Animal Resources Sciences Joongbu UniversityChung-Nam32713South Koreae Department of Animal Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tannin-rich peanut skin(PS)supplementation on growth performance,ruminal and blood metabolites,and carcass traits associated with internal parasite infection in meat goats under confined ***-one Kiko crossbred male goats were blocked by body weight(BW)and randomly assigned to one of 3 treatment *** diets contained different levels of peanut(Arachis hypogaea)skin replacing alfalfa(Medicago sativa)pellets(ALP)in a control *** treatments included:30% ALP(control),15% PS and 15% ALP,and 30% *** skin was incorporated in the grain mix portion of the *** were fed once daily,and the intake was adjusted every 3 to 4 *** animal was each artificially infected with 5,000 larvae of the 3 rd stage of barber’s pole worm(Haemonchus contortus).Body weights,dry matter intake(DMI),and fecal samples for fecal egg counts(FEC)were taken at d 0,12,23,and *** fluid and blood samples were collected at d *** performance period lasted 45 d and at the completion of the study,goats were harvested,and carcass characteristics,abomasal worm counts were *** results showed that DMI,BW,carcass traits,and meat color were not affected by PS supplementation,whereas average daily gain(ADG,P<0.01),blood glucose(P<0.001),phosphorus(P<0.05),and cholesterol levels(P<0.001)significantly increased with increasing levels of PS *** was a linear(P<0.01)reduction in rumen acetate to propionate ratio,ammonia-nitrogen,FEC,and *** worm counts,with increasing levels of PS *** study shows that PS supplementation up to 30% of the diet can improve ADG and rumen fermentation while reducing gastrointestinal parasite infection in meat goats.

关键词： Peanut skin Tannins Goats Carcass Parasites

Workplace harassment faced by female Nepalese migrants working aboard

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Global Health journal 2024年第3期8卷 128-132页

作者： Padam P Simkhada Edwin van Teijlingen Manju gurung Samjhana Bhujel Kalpana Gyawali Sharada P Wasti School of Human and Health Sciences University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldHD13DHUnited Kingdom Centre for Midwifery and Women's Health Faculty of Health&Social SciencesBournemouth UniversityBournemouth BH88GPUnited Kingdom Pourakhi Nepal Makhamali MargMaharajgunj Kathmandu 44600Nepal Green Tara Nepal BaluwatarKathmandu 44600Nepal Faculty of Education Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 44600Nepal School of Human Sciences Faculty of EducationHealth and Human SciencesGreenwich UniversityLondonSE109LSUnited Kingdom

Background:Nepal has a long history of labour migration over the *** can experience a range of problems in their destination countries,and women are more at risk than *** paper is the first to explore the problems faced by Nepalese women migrants while working ***:This study was conducted among 1,889 women who were registered as migrant returnees at an organisation called Pourakhi *** study extracted and analysed data from a non-governmental organisation that supports returning female migrant workers in ***:Around half(43.1%)of the women were 35 or older,30.9% were illiterate,and 63.6% were in their first overseas *** than one-third(38.5%)had self-reported workplace *** violence was the most prevalent(68%),followed by verbal abuse(37.5%),mental stress(29.7%),and sexual abuse(14.1%).Women who were illiterate(adjusted odds ratio[AOR]1.25,95% confidence interval[CI):1.01 to 1.55),unmarried(AOR 1.27,95%CI:1.05 to 1.56),worked abroad twice or more(AOR 1.35,95%CI:1.10 to 1.66),changed their place of work(AOR 2.38,95%CI:1.42 to 4.01),lived without documents(AOR 1.24,95%CI:1.03 to 1.50),worked as domestics(AOR 3.56,95%CI:2.03 to 6.23),worked in other than Gulf Cooperation Council countries(AOR 1.45,95%CI:1.06 to 1.99),women who did not have a fixed salary(AOR 1.64,95%CI:1.28 to 2.10)and did not receive salary(AOR 3.71,95%CI:2.88 to 4.77)were more likely to be harassed at ***:Our findings suggest that the host governments should introduce and enforce policies protecting women in the *** women should be provided with better information about health risks and hazards as well as how to improve preventive measures in destination countries to reduce workplace harassment.

关键词： Health problems Migration Exploitation Middle East South Asia

Prognostic value and nomograms of proximal margin distance in gastric cancer with radical distal gastrectomy

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Chinese journal of Cancer Research 2020年第2期32卷 186-196页

作者： jun Luo Yuming jiang Xinhua Chen Yuehong Chen jhang Lopsang gurung Tingyu Mou Liying Zhao Guoqing Lyu Tuanjie Li Guoxin Li jiang Yu Department of General Surgery Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518036China

Objective:The proximal margin(PM)distance for distal gastrectomy(DG)of gastric cancer(GC)remains *** study investigated the prognostic value of PM distance for survival outcomes,and aimed to combine clinicopathologic variables associated with survival outcomes after DG with different PM distance for GC into a prediction ***:Patients who underwent radical DG from june 2004 to june 2014 at Department of General Surgery,Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University were *** first endpoints of the prognostic value of PM distance(assessed in 0.5 cm increments)for disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)were *** analysis by Cox proportional hazards regression was performed using the training set,and the nomogram was constructed,patients were chronologically assigned to the training set for dates from june 1,2004 to january 30,2012(n=493)and to the validation set from February 1,2012 to june 30,2014(n=211).Results:Among 704 patients with p TNM stage I,p TNM stage II,T1-2,T3-4,N0,differentiated type,tumor size≤5.0 cm,a PM of(2.1-5.0)cm ***≤2.0 cm showed a statistically significant difference in DFS and OS,while a PM>5.0 cm was not associated with any further improvement in DFS and OS vs.a PM of 2.1-5.0 *** patients with p TNM stage III,N1,N2-3,undifferentiated type,tumor size>5.0 cm,the PM distance was not significantly correlated with DFS and OS between patients with a PM of(2.1-5.0)cm and a PM≤2 cm,or between patients with a PM>5.0 cm and a PM of(2.1-5.0)cm,so there were no significant differences across the three PM *** the training set,the C-indexes of DFS and OS,were 0.721 and 0.735,respectively,and in the validation set,the C-indexes of DFS and OS,were 0.752 and 0.751,***:It is necessary to obtain not less than 2.0 cm of PM distance in early-stage disease,while PM distance was not associated with long-term survival in later and more aggressive stages of disease because more

关键词： Gastric cancer margin distance nomograms distal gastrectomy

Two dimensional finite element method for metabolic effect in thermoregulation on human males and females skin layers

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journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第8期 623-629页

作者： Saraswati Acharya Dil Bahadur gurung Vinod Prakash Saxena Department of Natural Sciences(Mathematics) Kathmandu University Post Box 6250KathmanduNepal Sagar Institute of Research and Technology BhopalIndia

Objective:To deal the implication of metabolic reaction relying on dermal thicknesses of males and females for temperature distribution on the layers of dermal part at various atmospheric ***:The mathematical model involving bioheat equation has been solved using finite element method and Crank-Nicolson technique to numerically investigate two dimensional temperature ***,human dermal region under consideration is divided into six parts:stratum corneum,stratum germinativum,papillary region,reticular region,fatty layer and muscle part of subcutaneous *** bioheat equation is used considering the suitable physical and physiological parameters that affect the heat regulation in the *** simulation has been used for numerical results and graph of the temperatures ***:Lower percentage of muscle mass and higher percentage of adipose tissue in subcutaneous part of females result lower metabolic rate compared to *** is considered as a heat source within the body *** study delineates that when the metabolic heat generation S increases,body temperature rises and when S decreases,it goes *** higher ambient temperature T_(∞)effect of S is lower as compared to lower T_(∞).Conclusions:Males and females would differ in their physiological responses in temperature distribution due to differences in metabolic heat production between *** thinner layers of males lead to higher values of skin temperature than thicker layer of *** plays a significant role in temperature distributions in human males and females *** understanding of human thermoregulation is based on male patterns;studies on women are still relatively rare and involve only small number of *** it is still necessary for micro level study for temperature distribution model on the dermal layers of males and females.

关键词： Metabolism Finite element method Crank-Nicolson technique Bio-heat equation Dermal layers

Identification and Validation of Reference Sites in the Andhi Khola River,Nepal

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journal of Resources and Ecology 2015年第1期6卷 30-36页

作者： Praveen SHARMA Subodh SHARMA Smriti gurung 加德满都大学理学院环境科学与工程系加德满都大学理学院水生生态学中心

Reference conditions having no or only minor anthropogenic disturbances, are a basic requirement for ecological studies in rivers. To study ecological impact of a dam, two sites were pre-classiifed as reference or least disturbed in the Andhi Khola River, Nepal, using Rapid Field Bioscreening （RFB） protocol. Biological （macroinvertebrates） and physico-chemical samples were collected in the month of january and February 2013. Multi-habitat sampling （MHS） was employed in sample collection of macro-invertebrates fauna. Validation of the pre-classiifed sites was done using several indices viz. Nepalese biotic score （NEPBIOS）, Biological monitoring working party （BMWP）, Hindu-Kush Himalayan biotic score （HKHBIOS）, Hilsenhoff （HILSENHOFF）＆ National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index （NSFWQI）. The NEPBIOS, HKHBIOS, HILSENHOFF, RFB ＆ NSFWQI indices predicted the river quality at al two sites as good with quality class Ⅱ. Only BMWP/ASPT water quality index predicted the river quality at al two sites as Excelent with quality class Ⅰ. Hence preselected sites with quality of rank Ⅱ i.e. good qualities were validated as reference sites. The study demonstrated that the multi-metric approach is suitable for application in the monitoring and assessment of rivers where dams are built to produce hydropower.

关键词： reference macro-invertebrates dams indices validation