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The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of feeds in Cervids

Open journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese j. Thibodeaux Philip M. Urso Stanley f. Kelley Marcy M. Beverly chris R. Stewart Ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estimated impact of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirements for cervids are determined through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc on differences in dry matter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rumens were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm water. Rumen contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 mg/kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 mg/kg/d (COn). following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatment groups. Average dry matter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADf, nDf, IVTD, or OM between the treatment groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this methodology did prove to be viable and functional for microbial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with multiple experimental units to confirm the observations of increased digestibility. formal nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for more efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDMD In Vitro Cervids

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Leflunomide: A versatile additive for defect reduction, enhanced optoelectronic properties and environmental stability of perovskite films

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nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2628-2637页

作者： Dingyue Sun Ming Peng Taijin Wang Longju Yi Shizuo Zhang feng Liu Gary j.cheng The Institute of Technological Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Industrial Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA

The development of perovskite photoelectric devices with excellent performance is largely dependent on the defects in the perovskite *** address this issue,a specific drug,leflunomide(Lf,C_(12)H_(9)f_(3)n_(2)O_(2)),was incorporated into the perovskite to reduce defects and improve its photoelectric *** is believed that the C=O bond on Lf molecule can interact with the uncoordinated Pb2+of the perovskite,thereby reducing non-radiative *** novel approach of incorporating Lf into perovskite films has the potential to revolutionize the development of high-performance perovskite photoelectric *** trifluoromethyl functional(–Cf_(3))group on Lf can form a protective layer on the surface of the perovskite film,shielding it from water ***,Lf can be utilized to alter the nucleation position of perovskite,thus minimizing the number of defects and optimizing the film ***,the Lf-doped perovskite film displays low trap density and high photoelectric *** Lf-doped perovskite film showed a trap density of 8.28×10^(11),which is notably lower than the 2.04×10^(12) of the perovskite film without *** responsivity and detectivity of the Lf-doped perovskite photodetector were 0.771 A/W and 2.81×10^(11) jones,respectively,which are much higher than the 0.23 A/W and 1.06×10^(10) jones of the Lf-undoped perovskite ***,the Lf-doped photodetector maintained an initial photocurrent of 86%after 30 days of storage in air,indicating drastically increased environmental *** strongly suggests that Lf is an effective additive for perovskites utilized in optoelectronic devices with high performance.

关键词： leflunomide additive engineering defect passivation perovskite

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Effects of different organic fertilizers on nitrous oxide and methane emissions from double-cropping rice fields

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 52-62页

作者： Mingcheng HU Andrew j.WADE Weishou SHEn Zhenfang ZHOnG chongwen QIU Xiangui LIn jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of ReadingReading RG66 DWUK Haina Research Institute of Guangdong Haina Agricultural Co. Ltd.Huizhou 516000China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Rice fields are a major source of greenhouse gases,such as nitrous oxide (n_(2)O) and methane (ch_(4)).Organic fertilizers may potentially replace inorganic fertilizers to meet the nitrogen requirement for rice growth;however,the simultaneous effects of organic fertilizers on n_(2)O and ch_(4)emissions and crop yield in paddy fields remain poorly understood and *** this study,experimental plots were established in conventional double-cropping paddy fields in the Pearl River Delta,china,including an unfertilized control and five fertilizer treatments with fresh organic fertilizer (fOf),successively composted organic fertilizer (SOf),chemically composted organic fertilizer (COf),COf supplemented with inorganic fertilizer (COIf),and chemical fertilizers (Cfs)(TfOf,TSOf,TCOf,TCOIf,and TCf,respectively).Paddy field soils behaved simultaneously as an n_(2)O sink (cumulative n_(2)O emission:-196 to-381 g n ha^(-1)) and as a ch_(4)source (cumulative ch_(4)emission:719 to 2 178 kg ha^(-1)).Compared to Cfs,the effects of organic fertilizers on n_(2)O emission were not *** contrast,total annual ch_(4)emission increased by 157%,132%,125%,and 37%in TfOf,TCOf,TSOf,and TCOIf,respectively,compared to *** TCOIf,rice yield was maintained,while ch_(4)emission was not significantly increased from the paddy fields characterized by a prolonged flood *** important next step is to extend these field-based measurements to larger rice cultivation areas to quantify the regional and national-scale impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and to help determine the optimum practice for fertilizer use.

关键词： crop production global warming potential greenhouse gases manure paddy sustainable agriculture

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氮碳包封fe_(3)C纳米颗粒作为高效富氧还原电催化剂

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Science china Materials 2024年第3期67卷 762-770页

作者：汪翠萍李智雷杰李松 Stijn f.L.Mertens 胡劲松 School of chemical Engineering Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Specialty PolymersAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China Department of chemistry Energy Lancaster and Materials Science LancasterLancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YBUnited Kingdom Institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefei 230031China

高活性MOf基催化剂的设计和合成为促进动力学不利的氧还原反应(ORR)过程开辟了新的途径.本研究通过在ZIf-8前驱体表面涂覆二茂铁甲酸,然后进行两步炭化工艺,设计和制备了一种具有新型结构的高效电催化剂,以提高ORR性能.两步炭化过程对... 详细信息

高活性MOf基催化剂的设计和合成为促进动力学不利的氧还原反应(ORR)过程开辟了新的途径.本研究通过在ZIf-8前驱体表面涂覆二茂铁甲酸,然后进行两步炭化工艺,设计和制备了一种具有新型结构的高效电催化剂,以提高ORR性能.两步炭化过程对于将热解fe_(3)C纳米颗粒封装到碳纳米管(CnTs)中以及将fe单原子隔离到n掺杂碳(nC)基体上至关重要.此外,fe元素的相对含量对优化催化剂的ORR性能至关重要.所制得fe_(3)C@CnTs/nC-M催化剂结构先进,在碱性溶液中表现出良好的长期稳定性和电催化ORR性能,其半波电位和极限电流分别达到0.941 V和6.31 mA cm^(-2).此外,该电催化剂在甲醇溶液中具有较强的耐受性和良好的稳定性.fe_(3)C@CnTs/nC-M锌空气电池(ZAB)具有1.525 V的开路电位,420 mA cm^(-2)时的峰值功率密度为348 mW cm^(-2),10 mA cm^(-2)时的最大容量为843 mA h g_(Zn)^(-1).因此,这种合成策略为构建具有有效和稳定的ORR性能的MOf基电催化材料提供了一条有效途径.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks carbon nanotubes n-doped carbon matrix oxygen reduction reaction Zn-air battery

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Drought events influence nutrient canopy exchanges and green leaf partitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

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forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： j.Touche C.Calvaruso P.De Donato M.-P.Turpault InRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance UMR 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance EcoSustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events expected in the coming decades in Western Europe may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in *** possible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period between resorption,foliar leaching and senesced ***,the effects of drought events on this partitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are poorly *** experiment in a beech forest in Meuse(france)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canopy exchanges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence *** aim was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droughts for *** nutrient dynamics,including resorption,chemistry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorption and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to compare the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by almost a third of the potassium(K)partitioning to resorption(*** efficiency),thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing *** result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity expected for the coming decades,there will be a risk of potassium deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experiment on the same study *** foliar leaching and higher parititioning to the senesced leaves for K and phosphorus(P)were also *** addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(n)resorption efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to improve tree *** calcium(Ca)negative resorption decreased,with no apparent consequence in our study *** results show that nutrient exchanges in the canopy and the partitioning of the green leaf

关键词： natural drought Beech forest Canopy Resorption foliar leaching Senesced leaves nutrition

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Replication of natural surface topographies to generate advanced cell culture substrates

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第10期28卷 337-347页

作者： n.O.Monteiro j.f.fangueiro R.L.Reis n.M.neves 3B’s Research Group I3Bs-Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAveParkParque de Ciencia e Tecnologi1Zona Industrial da Gandr14805-017BarcoGuimaraesPortugal ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory Brag1Guimar˜aesPortugal

Surface topographies of cell culture substrates can be used to generate in vitro cell culture environments similar to the in vivo cell niches. In vivo, the physical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as its topography, provide physical cues that play an important role in modulating cell function. Mimicking these properties remains a challenge to provide in vitro realistic environments for cells. Artificially generated substrates’ topographies were used extensively to explore this important surface cue. More recently, the replication of natural surface topographies has been enabling to exploration of characteristics such as hierarchy and size scales relevant for cells as advanced biomimetic substrates. These substrates offer more realistic and mimetic environments regarding the topographies found in vivo. This review will highlight the use of natural surface topographies as a template to generate substrates for in-vitro cell culture. This review starts with an analysis of the main cell functions that can be regulated by the substrate’s surface topography through cell-substrate interactions. Then, we will discuss research works wherein substrates for cell biology decorated with natural surface topographies were used and investigated regarding their influence on cellular performance. At the end of this review, we will highlight the advantages and challenges of the use of natural surface topographies as a template for the generation of advanced substrates for cell culture.

关键词： Biomimetic topography Cell culture substrates natural surface topographies

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Contrasting plant growth performance of invasive polyploid and native diploid Prosopis is mediated by the soil bacterial community

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 195-205页

作者： Rishabh Kaushik Meesha Sharma ch.V.Ramana ch.Sasikala Maharaj K.Pandit jealott's Hill International Research Centre Warfield Department of Environmental Studies University of Delhi Department of Plant Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad P.O.Central University Bacterial Discovery Laboratory Centre for Environment Institute of Science and Technology J.N.T.University Hyderabad jindal School of Environment & Sustainability OP Jindal Global University

Background Soil microbial communities affect above-ground plant diversity and community composition by influencing plant growth performance. Several studies have tested the effect of soil bacterial microbiome on growth performance of native and invasive plants, but the influence of specific bacterial isolates has not been ***, we investigated the effects of soil bacterial exclusion by soil sterilization and by inoculation of Streptomyces rhizobacterial isolates on the growth performance of native and invasive Prosopis *** Plant growth performance of invasive P. juliflora was significantly reduced when grown in sterilized soils,whereas native P. cineraria showed enhanced growth performance in the sterilized soils. When grown in the soil inoculated with the specific Streptomyces isolate from P. juliflora(Pj1), the growth performance of invasive P. juliflora was significantly enhanced while that of native P. cineraria seedlings was significantly reduced. However, inoculation of P. cineraria and P. juliflora seedlings with Streptomyces isolate from the rhizosphere of native P. cineraria(PC1) had no significant effect on the growth performances either of P. juliflora or P. *** Our study reveals that invasive P. juliflora experiences positive feedback from the non-native soil bacterial community, while the native P. cineraria experiences negative feedback from its soil bacterial community. Our results provide fresh experimental evidence for the enemy release hypothesis, and further our understanding of the contrasting growth-promoting effects of differentially recruited microbial species belonging to the same genus(Streptomyces)in the rhizospheres of alien invasive and native plants.

关键词： Soil bacteria Streptomyces Invasive Prosopis juliflora Prosopis cineraria Soil microbiota

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Carbon stocks in a highly fragmented landscape with seasonally dry tropical forest in the neotropics

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forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 168-177页

作者： n.Mesa-Sierra j.Laborde R.chaplin-Kramer f.Escobar Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente Centro Interdisciplinario para la Formacion y Vinculacion SocialPeriferico Sur Manuel Gomez Morin 858545604TlaquepaqueJaliscoMexico Gnosis-naturaleza con ciencia A.C.Lorenzo Barcelata 510145239GuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Instituto de Ecologia A.C.Ecologia FuncionalCarretera Antigua a Coatepec 351El Haya91073XalapaVeracruzMexico natural Capital Project Woods Institute for the EnvironmentStanford University327 Campus DriveStanfordCA94305USA Institute on the Environment University of Minnesota1954 Buford AveSt.PaulMinnesota55108USA Instituto de Ecologia A.C.EcoetologiaCarretera Antigua a Coatepec 351El Haya91073XalapaVeracruzMexico

Background:Global modeling of carbon storage and sequestration often mischaracterizes unique ecosystems such as the seasonally dry tropical forest of the central region of the Gulf of Mexico,because species diversity is usually underestimated,as is their carbon *** this study,aboveground and soil carbon stocks were estimated to determine the climate mitigation potential of this highly degraded landscape(f forest cover).Results:Tree species in the study area had carbon content values that were 30%–40%higher than the standard value proposed by the IPCC(i.e.,50%).Tropical oak forest in the region,despite its restricted distribution and low species richness,accounted for the highest mean carbon stocks per unit *** main factors driving spatial variability in carbon stocks were:maximum precipitation,soil organic matter,clay and silt *** strong relationship was found between aboveground carbon stocks and soil organic carbon in the study ***-fication of carbon stocks is an important consideration in the assessment of the conservation value of remnants of native vegetation in human-modified ***:This study demonstrates the importance of the highly fragmented tropical dry regions of the neo-tropics in maintaining landscape functionality and providing key ecosystem services such as carbon *** results also highlight how crucial field-based studies are for strengthening the accuracy of global ***,this approach reveals the real contribution of ecosystems that are not commonly taken into account in the mitigation of climate change effects.

关键词： Seasonally dry tropical region Ecosystem services Carbon sequestration Human modified landscapes Climate change mitigation

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Spatiotemporal characteristics and Influencing factors of the Synergistic Effect of Pollution Reduction and Carbon Reduction in china

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Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science 2024年第9期45卷 4993-5002页

作者： Wang Y.-n. Li B.-X. Zhang Y.-X. Zhao Y. Miao C.-K. An j.-Q. School of Economics and Management Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China

Based on the use of the coupling coordination model to calculate the coupling coordination degree of carbon emission and pollutant control，the national，regional，and provincial spatiotemporal characteristics of the synergistic effect of pollution control and carbon emissions reduction in china were further analyzed，facilitating the crucial to identification of key areas. The fixed effects regression models and provincial panel data from 2006 to 2020 were used to explore factors contributing to better synergizing the reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in china. On this basis，the adjustment variable of R&D investment intensity was introduced，and the regulation effect model was constructed to further explore the influence mechanism of the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction. The results showed that：synergy exists between carbon emission reduction and the air pollution control system，the evolution of the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in china presented an inverted "U"-shaped trend from 2006 to 2020，and there was spatial aggregation and a spatial spillover effect in pollution reduction and carbon reduction. The synergistic governance of carbon emission and pollutant control was still at a relatively low level. The carbon emission and air pollutant emission systems were still in an unstable and uncoordinated state. The results showed that：The degree of coordination of eastern china，central china，and western china decreased in turn. At the national level，energy consumption structure，per capita GDP，and the proportion of green investment were the main factors affecting the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon. The heterogeneity of the influencing factors existed in the central，eastern，and western regions on industrial structure，energy consumption structure，energy utilization efficiency，per capita GDP，urbanization rate，the proportion of green investment，and transportation structure. The intens

关键词： fixed effects regression influencing mechanism moderating effect pollution and carbon emission reduction spatio-temporal characteristic

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Metabolic collaboration between cells in the tumor microenvironment has a negligible effect on tumor growth

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 107-114页

作者： johan Gustafsson fariba Roshanzamir Anders Hagnestål Sagar M.Patel Oseeyi I.Daudu Donald f.Becker jonathan L.Robinson jens nielsen Department of Life Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologySE-41296 GothenburgSweden Hagnesia AB SE-43854 HindåsSweden Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA BioInnovation Institute DK2200 CopenhagenDenmark

The tumor microenvironment is composed of a complex mixture of different cell types interacting under conditions of nutrient deprivation,but the metabolism therein is not fully understood due to difficulties in measuring metabolic fluxes and exchange of metabolites between different cell types in ***-scale metabolic modeling enables estimation of such exchange fluxes as well as an opportunity to gain insight into the metabolic behavior of individual cell ***,we estimated the availability of nutrients and oxygen within the tumor microenvironment using concentration measurements from blood together with a metabolite diffusion *** addition,we developed an approach to efficiently apply enzyme usage constraints in a comprehensive metabolic model of human *** combined modeling reproduced severe hypoxic conditions and the Warburg effect,and we found that limitations in enzymatic capacity contribute to cancer cells’preferential use of glutamine as a substrate to the citric acid ***,we investigated the common hypothesis that some stromal cells are exploited by cancer cells to produce metabolites useful for the cancer *** identified over 200 potential metabolites that could support collaboration between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts,but when limiting to metabolites previously identified to participate in such collaboration,no growth advantage was *** work highlights the importance of enzymatic capacity limitations for cell behaviors and exemplifies the utility of enzyme-constrained models for accurate prediction of metabolism in cells and tumor microenvironments.

关键词： metabolism effect limitations

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