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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第2期6卷 206-225页

作者： jahan KARIYEVA Willem j.d. van LEEUWEN Connie A. WOOdHOUSE School of Geography and development The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA School of Natural Resources and the Environment - Office of Arid Lands Studies - Arizona Remote Sensing Center The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA

Time-series of land surface phenology （LSP） data offer insights about vegetation growth patterns. They can be generated by exploiting the temporal and spectral reflectance properties of land surface components. Inter- annual and seasonal LSP data are important for under- standing and predicting an ecosystem＇s response to variations caused by natural and anthropogenic drivers. This research examines spatio-temporal change patterns and interactions between terrestrial phenology and 28 years of climate dynamics in Central Asia. Long-term （1981-2008） LSP records such as timing of the start, peak and length of the growing season and vegetation productivity were derived from remotely sensed vegetation greenness data. The patterns were analyzed to identify and characterize the impact of climate drivers at regional scales. We explored the relationships between phenologi- cal and precipitation and temperature variables for three generalized land use types that were exposed to decade- long regional drought events and intensified land and water resource use： rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, and non-agriculture. To determine whether and how LSP dynamics are associated with climate patterns, a series of simple linear regression analyses between these two variables was executed. The three land use classes showed unique phenological responses to climate variation across Central Asia. Most of the phenological response variables were shown to be positively correlated to precipitation and negatively correlated to temperature. The most substantial climate variable affecting phenological responses of all three land use classes was a spring temperature regime. These results indicate that future higher temperatures would cause earlier and longer growing seasons.

关键词： phenology land use climate variability

Cell Wall Biology： Perspectives from Cell Wall Imaging

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Molecular Plant 2011年第2期4卷 212-219页

作者： Kieran j.d. Lee Susan E. Marcus j. Paul Knox Centre for Plant Sciences Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK

Polysaccharide-rich plant cell walls are important biomaterials that underpin plant growth, are major repositories for photosynthetically accumulated carbon, and, in addition, impact greatly on the human use of plants. Land plant cell walls contain in the region of a dozen major polysaccharide structures that are mostly encompassed by cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectic polysaccharides. during the evolution of land plants, polysaccharide diversification appears to have largely involved structural elaboration and diversification within these polysaccharide groups. Cell wall chemistry is well advanced and a current phase of cell wall science is aimed at placing the complex polysaccharide chemistry in cellular contexts and developing a detailed understanding of cell wall biology. Imaging cell wall glycomes is a challenging area but recent developments in the establishment of cell wall molecular probe panels and their use in high throughput procedures are leading to rapid advances in the molecular understanding of the spatial heterogeneity of individual cell walls and also cell wall differences at taxonomic levels. The challenge now is to integrate this knowledge of cell wall heterogeneity with an understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms that underpin cell wall properties and functions.

关键词： Cell structure cell walls fluorescence imaging development cell wall imaging polysaccharides

Inhibition of Electromigration in Eutectic SnBi Solder Interconnect by Plastic Prestraining

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2011年第11期27卷 1072-1076页

作者： X.F. Zhang H.Y. Liu j.d. Guo j.K. Shang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Urbana. IL 61801. USA

Plastic prestraining was applied to a solder interconnect to introduce internal defects such as dislocations in order to investigate the interaction of dislocations with electromigration damage. Above a critical prestrain, Bi interfacial segregation to the anode, a clear indication of electromigration damage in SnBi solder inter- connect, was effectively prevented. Such an inhibiting effect is apparently contrary to the common notion that dislocations often act as fast diffusion paths. It is suggested that the dislocations introduced by plastic prestraining acted as sinks for vacancies in the early stage of the electromigration process, but as the vacancies accumulated at the dislocations, climb of those dislocations prompted recovery of the deformed samples under current stressing, greatly decreasing the density of dislocation and vacancy in the solder, leading to slower diffusion of Bi atoms.

关键词： Electromigration Interfacial segregation Prestrain dislocation Vacancy

Aluminum X-ray mass-ablation rate measurements

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2017年第1期2卷 16-21页

作者： j.L.Kline j.d.Hager Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM 87545USA Lockheed-Martin SyracuseNY 13221USA

Measurements of the mass ablation rate of aluminum(Al)have been completed at the Omega Laser *** measurements show that the mass-ablation rate of Al is higher than plastic(CH),comparable to high density carbon(HdC),and lower than *** mass-ablation rate is consistent with predictions using a 1d Lagrangian code,*** results suggest Al capsules have a reasonable ablation pressure even with a higher albedo than beryllium or carbon ablators and further investigation into the viability of Al capsules for ignition should be pursued.

关键词： Inertial confinement fusion ablator Aluminum ablator Aluminum capsule X-ray mass ablation rate Alternate ablator

Biodegradability of leachates from Chinese and German municipal solid waste

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journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2007年第1期8卷 14-19页

作者： SELIC E. BOES N. HERBELL j.d. Waste Management Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Duisburg-Essen 47057 Duisburg Germany

The quantitative and qualitative composition of Chinese municipal solid waste (MSW) differs significantly from German waste. The focus of this paper is on whether these differences also lead to dissimilar qualities of leachates during storage or landfilling. Leachates ingredients determine the appropriate treatment technique. MSW compositions of the two cities Guilin (China) and Essen (Germany), each with approx. 600 000 inhabitants, are used to simulate Chinese and German MSW types. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is used, combining aerobic and anaerobic reaction principles, to test the biodegradability of leachates. Leachates are tested for temperature, pH-value, redox potentials, and oxygen concentration. Chemical oxygen demand (COd) values are determined. Within 8 h, the biodegradation rates for both kinds of leachates are more than 90%. due to the high organic content of Chinese waste, the degradation rate for Guilin MSW leachate is even higher, up to 97%. The effluent from SBR technique is suitable for direct discharge into bodies of water.

关键词： Leachate Biodegradability Sequencing batch reactor

distribution and quantitative zonation of unloading cracks at a proposed large hydropower station dam Site

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journal of Mountain Science 2017年第10期14卷 2106-2121页

作者： ZHAO Wei-hua FROST j.d. HUANG Run-qiu YAN Ming jIN Long-de State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

Rock mass unloading is an important rock engineering problem because unloading may impact the stability of a rock mass slope. Based on hydroelectric engineering principles, this study focuses on the classification of unloading zones to reflect the rock mass structure characteristics. Geological background and slope structure of the study region were considered to investigate the distribution and deformation of the unloading process. Quantitative indices were classified according to the formation mechanisms and the geological exhibition of unloading zones. The P-wave velocity(V_P), the ratio of the wave velocity(V_p) the ratio of the test P-wave velocity along the adit depth to the P-wave velocity of intact rock, the sum of joint openings every 2 meters(S_t), and the density of open joints(d_t) were calculated as quantitative indices for the rock mass unloading zone. The characteristics of the unloading zone of rock mass slopes at the dam site were successfully determined. The method of combining qualitative data with quantitative indices was found to be effective for the classification of slope unloading zones.

关键词： Slope Structure Unloading Phenomena Classify Unloading Zones Quantitative Indexes

densities, Ultrasonic Speeds, Viscosities and Refractive Indices of Binary Mixtures of Benzene with Benzyl Alcohol,Benzonitrile, Benzoyl Chloride and Chlorobenzene at 303.15 K

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Chinese journal of Chemistry 2005年第4期23卷 377-385页

作者： ALI,A. PANdEY,j.d. SONI,N.K. NAIN,A.K. LAL,B. CHANd,d. departmentofChemistry JamiaMilliaIslamia(CentralUniversity)NewDelhi110025India departmentofChemistry UniversityofAllahabadAllahabad211002U.P.India

densities, ρ, ultrasonic speeds, u , viscosities, η , and refractive indices, n , of pure benzene, benzyl alcohol (BA), benzonitrile (BN), benzoyl chloride (BC), chlorobenzene (CB) and their thirty six binary mixtures, with benzene as common component, were measured at 303.15 K over the entire mole fraction range. From these experimental data the values of deviations in ultrasonic speed, Δ u , isentropic compressibility, Δk s , excess acoustic impedance, Z E , deviation in viscosity, Δη, and excess Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow, G *E , and partial molar isentropic compressibility, of BA, BN, BC and CB in benzene were computed. The variation of these derived functions with composition of the mixtures suggested the increased cohesion (molecular order) in the solution and that interaction (A‐B)>(A‐A) or (B‐B). Moreover, theoretical prediction of ultrasonic speed, viscosity and refractive index of all the four binary mixtures was made on the basis of empirical and semi‐empirical relations by using the experimental values of the pure components. Comparison of theoretical results with the experimental values was made in order to assess the suitability of these relations in reproducing the experimental values of u , η and n . Also, molecular radii of pure liquids and the average molecular radii of binary mixtures were evaluated using the corresponding refractive indices of pure liquids and binary mixtures. The average molecular radii of binary mixtures were found to be additive with respect to mole fraction of the pure component.

关键词： binary mixture excess function density ultrasonic speed viscosity refractive index

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KINEMATICS

Chinese Physics C 2016年第10期40卷 560-564页

作者： j.d. jackson d.R. Tovey LBNL Sheffield

Throughout this section units are used in which h = c = 1. The following conversions axe useful： hc = 197.3 MeV fm, （tic）2 = 0.3894 （GeV）2 mb.

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ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF MOLYBdOTUNGSATE HETEROPOLY COMPLEX WITH NEOdYMIUMK_(10)H_3[Nd(SiMO_7W_4O_(39)_2)]xH_20 IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1996年第1期7卷 81-84页

作者： Zhang X.M. Cheng L. Xi X.d. Liu B.F. Shao j.d. department of Chemistry Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 Lab. of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Inst. of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022

The voltammetric behavior of the titled compound (denoted as Nd (SiMo7W4)2)13) in aqueous solution had been studied. An unusual PH response was discussed. The adsorption of the anion on the dropping mercury electrode and a selfinhibition influence of the adsorbed anions on the redox process of those anions dissolved in solution were found. The electrocatalytic effects of the anion on the bromate reduction were investigated.

关键词： ELECTROdE