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根据巴塞罗那经验提出的大城市结核病控制规程评价指标

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2001年第4期 145-152页

作者： T.Rodrigo j.a.caylà H.Galdós-Tangüis P.GarcíadeOlalla M.T.Brugal j.M.jansà 屠德华 Department of Epidemiology Barcelona Tuberculosis Investigation Unit Municipal Institute of Public Health Barcelona Spain

目的:评价巴塞罗那结核病控制规程的效果和提出评价指标。材料和方法:应用定量指标评价1987至1999年规程的结果和作用,按指标内容进行统计分析,包括结素试验反应趋势和发病率的变化。结果:结核病发病率1987至1991年上升(P=0.10),1991至1... 详细信息

目的:评价巴塞罗那结核病控制规程的效果和提出评价指标。材料和方法:应用定量指标评价1987至1999年规程的结果和作用,按指标内容进行统计分析,包括结素试验反应趋势和发病率的变化。结果:结核病发病率1987至1991年上升(P=0.10),1991至1999年之间下降(P<0.001)。在研究期间由医生报告的病例百分比,坚持治疗和直接观察下治疗(DOT)的病例百分比和0-4岁组儿童中脑膜炎有明显下降,均具有统计学意义。然而,在涂阳病例诊断延迟和检查接触者的病例百分比没有显著改变。评价显示结核病发病率平均年递降率为6.7％。坚持治疗率达到目标(在涂阳病例中为94.5％)。平均诊断延迟中位数(36天)和接触者检查的病例百分比(平均59.8％)仍不乐观。结论:评价结果总体上是好的。认为发病率下降、儿童脑膜炎、治疗坚持率、诊断延迟和检查接触者的病例百分比是结核病规程较好的评价指标。

关键词：结核病评价规程

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西班牙结核病人的治疗完成和病死率现状

结核与肺部疾病杂志 2004年第2期7卷 69-75页

作者： j.a.caylà j.A.Caminero R.Rey N.Lara X.Vallès H.Galdós-Tangüis Working Group on Completion of Tuberculosis Treatment in Spain 姜世闻 Tuberculosis Investigation Unit of Barcelona Servicio de Epidemiologia Agencia de Salud Publica Barcelona Hospital General Universitario de Gran Canaria 'Dr Negrin' Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ Madrid Spain

目的:确定结核病人的完成治疗情况,并分析中断治疗和病死的相关因素。方法:在 SEPAR 结核病和呼吸道感染工作组成员工作的地区,对 1999 年 6 月 1 日至2000 年5 月 31 日期间开始接受治疗的结核病人进行前瞻性队列分析。利用 logistic ... 详细信息

目的:确定结核病人的完成治疗情况,并分析中断治疗和病死的相关因素。方法:在 SEPAR 结核病和呼吸道感染工作组成员工作的地区,对 1999 年 6 月 1 日至2000 年5 月 31 日期间开始接受治疗的结核病人进行前瞻性队列分析。利用 logistic 回归对与中断治疗和病死相关的诸因素进行了研究,并计算各因素的比数比(OR)及其 95%CI。结果:本项研究涉及 76 家医院 142 名医生提供的1515 例病例信息。82%的病人完成了全部治疗,14%中断治疗,5%死亡,0.5%治疗失败,8.7%由于迁出或其它原因中断了治疗。与中断治疗有关的变量是静脉吸毒(IVDU)(OR=6.00,95%CI:2.59-13.89和移民(OR=8.57,95%CI:3.78-19.45);性别、年龄、无家可归、监禁、DOT或住院治疗与中断治疗无关。病人病死率的预报因素有酗酒(OR=6.38,95%CI:2.09-19.48);HIV 感染(OR=7.08,95%CI:2.08-29.15)和年龄大于 64 岁(OR=10,95%CI:2.9-34.07),性别、吸毒、无家可归、DOT 和住院治疗与病人的病死率无关。结论:在发达国家应对吸毒和移民病人采用 DOT,另外,需要对酗酒、HIV 感染、年龄大于64 岁者实施严格监督以降低其病死率。

关键词：西班牙结核病病死率预报因素公共卫生影响因素

城市中心区的结核病分子流行病学与传统流行病学

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2001年第4期 172-179页

作者： j.Solsona j.a.caylà E.Verdú M.P.Estrada S.Garcia D.RocaDirección de Asistencia Primària (DAP) de Ciutat Vella (Barcelona) reas Básicas de Salud (ABS) 'Raval Nord' 'Raval Sud' 'Casc Antic' 'Gàtic' 'Lluís Sayé' y 'Barceloneta' B.Miquel P.Coll F.March the Cooperative Group for Contact Study of Tuberculosis Patients in Ciutat Vella 张宗德 Centro de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis 'Dr Lluís Sayé Servicio de Epidemiologia. Instituto Municipal de la Salud Hospital de San Pau Servei de Microbiologia Dirección de Asistencia Primària (DAP) de Ciutat Vella (Barcelona) reas Básicas de Salud (ABS) 'Raval Nord' 'Raval Sud' 'Casc Antic' 'Gàtic' 'Lluís Sayé' y 'Barceloneta' Departament de Genética i Microbiologia Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain

背景:分子流行病学在近期的结核病传播中的重要性得到了加强,但同时也发现了一些与传统流行病学的显著区别。目的:1.在城市中心区的结核病高流行区(163/100000)和有成簇危险的人群中用RFLP法确定成簇病例的百分比。2.比较传统接触者追... 详细信息

背景:分子流行病学在近期的结核病传播中的重要性得到了加强,但同时也发现了一些与传统流行病学的显著区别。目的:1.在城市中心区的结核病高流行区(163/100000)和有成簇危险的人群中用RFLP法确定成簇病例的百分比。2.比较传统接触者追踪法(CCT)与RFLP法的作用。分析:1997-1998年间巴塞罗纳市Ciutat Vella区收集的培养阳性的165例标本,利用IS6110和pTBN12(PGRS)序列进行RFLP分析:对251例公布的病例中的171例(68.1％)进行了接触者追踪调查。通过计算比值比(OR)、使用95％的可信区间(CI)评价它们之间的联系。多变量的分析采用逻辑回归。结果:通过RFLP分析,发现76例(46.0％)的分离株在IS6110和PGRS序列上有成簇现象,通过传统接触者追踪法(CCT),在858名接触者中,发现了30名新病人,57名病人存在关联。就RFLP和CCT调查结果来看,主要危险因素为静脉吸毒(IVDU)。44名独居者病例未包括在传统接触者追踪中,50％的病例用RFLP分析存在成簇。RFLP和CCT法的符合率为8/13(61.5％);5例不符合者为新近的非洲移民。在随后的RFLP分析中15/55例病例发现有流行病学关联。结论:成簇病例的百分率很高。CCT在发现新病例时很有用,但在追踪传播路径时存在缺陷。CCT的覆盖面需要在被忽视的个体及与RFLP结果的符合率方面提高。

关键词：结核(TB) 传统接触追踪(CCT) RFLP 流行病学

Error field penetration in j-TEXT tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 545-551页

作者：王文徐涛张仪 the j-TEXT team State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma PhysicsSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant *** have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and program *** calculated the error field penetration threshold for *** addition,we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration ***,the island width suddenly jumps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the *** scanning the natural mode frequency,we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency ***,we obtain the m/n=2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature.

关键词： plasma responses drift-MHD model error field penetration

Storing Freshwater Versus Storing Electricity in Power Systems with High Freshwater Electric Demand

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journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 323-333页

作者： Mubarak j.Al-Mubarak Antonio j.Conejo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Electrical Engineering Kuwait UniversityP.O.Box 5969Safat 13060Kuwait Department of Integrated Systems Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA IEEE

We consider a power system whose electric demand pertaining to freshwater production is high(high freshwater electric demand),as in the Middle East,and investigate the tradeoff of storing freshwater in tanks versus storing electricity in batteries at the day-ahead operation *** storing freshwater and storing electricity increase the actual electric demand at valley hours and decrease it at peak hours,which is generally beneficial in term of cost and ***,to what extent?We analyze this question considering three power systems with different generation-mix configurations,i.e.,a thermal-dominated mix,a renewable-dominated one,and a fully renewable *** generation-mix configurations are inspired by how power systems may evolve in different countries in the Middle *** production uncertainty is compactly modeled using chance *** draw conclusions on how both storage facilities(freshwater and electricity)complement each other to render an optimal operation of the power system.

关键词： Power system operation freshwater production and transportation coordination day-ahead scheduling

Analysis of ancient mass extinction recoveries in marine environments: generating strategies for managing outcomes of the current mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 8-10页

作者： David j.Bottjer Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California

The defining feature of a mass extinction and its associated recovery is the global amount of extinction that occurred[1]. However, there is finer-scale detail to the story, as seen in the ongoing modern mass extinction(the sixth mass extinction), which exhibits variable effects among marine ecosystems and environments, and hence geographic areas [1].

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Global weirding at mass extinction horizons

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 10-12页

作者： Gregory j.Retallack Department of Earth Sciences University of Oregon

A strong motivation for studying mass extinctions is understanding how current climatic and biodiversity crises will affect creatures living on land such as ourselves. Perhaps the question is: how bad can it get? In that case, terrestrial Permian-Triassic mass extinctions are an irresistible worst-case scenario [1].

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Decoding the genetic program of micronucleus formation: linking chromosomal instability to human disease

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第7期9卷 2840-2842页

作者： jörg Fahrer Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Department of ChemistryRPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau67663 KaiserslauternGermany

A recent study by Adams and colleagues published in Nature unveiled more than one hundred genes that are involved in micronucleus formation,1 which is a biomarker for genomic instability and associated with aging,cancer,and other disorders.2 As an outstanding achievement,the authors identified DSCC1(DNA Replication And Sister Chromatid Cohesion 1)as a critical gene protecting against early developmental defects,genomic instability,reduced proliferative capacity,cohesinopathy-related phenotypes,and tumor development in vivo.

关键词： chromosomal linking Replication

Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Challenges in testing and using alternative products

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第01期16卷 288-298页

作者： Robert j.Moore School of Science RMIT University

The global trend towards raising broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs) means that there is an ongoing need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering the benefits that IFAs previously provided. IFAs supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining their health. Necrotic enteritis(NE) is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity, and welfare, and was previously well controlled by IFAs. However, with the reduction in IFA use, NE is resurgent in some countries. Vaccines and various feed additives, including pre-, pro-, and postbiotics, phytobiotics, fatty acids, and phage therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE control. While some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen, Clostridium perfringens, most have the more general goal of reinforcing gut health. Extensive reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published recently. Hence, rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in undertaking experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating laboratory research to real world commercial production settings. The review is based on the author's particular experience,reading, thoughts, and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding that is likely to be at odds with others thinking on these issues. It is put forward to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： Necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Vaccines Feed additive Farm management