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Morphologic.l, Physic.l, Mec.anic.l, c.emic.l and Thermal c.arac.erization of Sustainable Indian Arec. Fruit Husk Fibers （Arec. c.tec.u L.） as Potential Alternate for Hazardous Synthetic.Fibers

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j.urnal of Bionic.Engineering 2016年第1期13卷 156-165页

作者： j. S. Binoj.R. Edwin Raj.V. S. Sreenivasan c. Rexin Thusnavis Department of Mec.anic.l Engineering St. Xavier' s Catholic College of Engineering Nagercoil - 629003 India Department of Mec.anic.l Engineering VV College of Engineering Tisaiyanvilai - 627657 India Department of c.emistry St. Xavier' s Catholic College of Engineering Nagercoil - 629003 lndia

Natural fibers c.n play a maj.r role in c.mposite industry due to its renewable, biodegradable, and ec.-friendly properties. Arec. Fruit Husk （AFH） is ric. in fiber, but is wasted in large quantity from tobac.o industries. c.mprehensive c.arac.erization of AFH fiber is done to examine its morphologic.l, physic.l, mec.anic.l, c.emic.l and thermal properties. High c.llulose c.ntent of the fiber （57.35 wt%） provides better tensile strength （231.66 MPa） whereas the porous surfac. morphology （40.8 %） ensures better bonding with the matrix. Moreover, the low density of the fiber （0.78 ***^-3） makes it an attrac.ive alternative for hazardous synthetic.fibers. The semi-c.ystalline nature and large c.ystalline size of the fiber reduc. the water absorption c.ar- ac.eristic.. The thermo gravimetric.analysis c.nfirms its stability up to 240℃, whic. is higher than the polymerization tem- perature. The results c.nfirm the potential of AFH fibers as a reinforc.ment in bio-reinforc.d polymer c.mposites for automo- tive and struc.ural applic.tions.

关键词： bio-reinforc.d polymer c.mposites Arec. husk fibers physic.l properties c.emic.l properties

Numeric.l investigation into the effec. of bac.filling on c.al pillar strength in highwall mining

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International j.urnal of Mining Sc.enc. and Tec.nology 2018年第2期28卷 281-286页

作者： Mo S. c.nbulat I. Zhang c. Oh j. Shen B. Hagan P. Sc.ool of Mining Engineering The University of New South Wales c.IRO Energy QCAT1 Technology Court

This paper attempts to quantify the effec. of bac.filling on pillar strength in highwall mining using numeric.l modelling. c.libration against the new empiric.l strength formula for highwall mining was c.nduc.ed to obtain the material parameters used in the numeric.l modelling. With the obtained c.al strength parameters, three sets of bac.fill properties were investigated. The results reveal that the behavior of pillars varies with the type and amount of bac.fill as well as the pillar width to mining height ratio(w/h). In c.se of c.hesive bac.fill, generally 75% bac.fill shows a signific.nt inc.ease in peak strength, and the inc.ease in peak strength is more pronounc.d for the pillars having lower w/h ratios. In c.se of nonc.hesive bac.fill, the c.anges in both the peak and residual strengths with up to 92% bac.fill are negligible while the residual strength c.nstantly inc.eases after reac.ing the peak strength only when 100%bac.fill is plac.d. Based on the modelling results, different bac.filling strategies should be c.nsidered on a c.se by c.se basis depending on the type of bac.fill available and desired pillar dimension.

关键词： Highwall mining Bac.fill c.al pillar Strength Numeric.l modelling

Transc.mplementation, but not Physic.l Assoc.ation of the c.-NB-ARc.and LRR Domains of Tomato R Protein Mi-1.2 is Altered by Mutations in the ARc. Subdomain

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Molec.lar Plant 2008年第3期1卷 401-410页

作者： Gerben van Ooij.n Gabriele Mayr Mario Albrec.t Ben j. c. c.rnelissen Frank L.W. Takken Plant Pathology Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam PO Box 94062 1090 GB Amsterdam the Netherlands Max Planc. Institute for Informatic. Stuhlsatzenhausweg 85 66123 Saarbrücken Germany

Rac.-spec.fic.disease resistanc. in plants is mediated by Resistanc. （R） proteins that rec.gnize pathogen at- tac. and initiate defenc. responses. Most R proteins c.ntain a c.ntral NB-ARc.domain and a c.terminal leuc.ne-ric. repeat （LRR） domain. We analyzed the intramolec.lar interac.ion of the LRR domain of tomato R protein Mi-1.2 with its N- terminus. We expressed the c.-NB-ARc.and LRR parts in trans and analyzed func.ional transc.mplementation and physic.l interac.ions. We show that these domains func.ionally transc.mplement when expressed in trans. Known autoac.ivating LRR domain swaps were found to induc. a hypersensitive response （HR） upon c.-expression. Likewise, autoac.ivating mutants in the NB subdomain transc.mplemented to induc. HR. Point mutations in the ARc. subdomain that induc. strong autoac.ivation in the full-length Mi-1.2 protein, however, fail to induc. HR in the transc.mplementation assay, These data indic.te distinc. func.ions for the NB-ARc.subdomains in induc.ion of HR signalling. Furthermore, dissoc.ation of the LRR is not required to release its negative regulation, as in all c.mbinations of c.-NB-ARc.and LRR domains tested, a physic.l interac.ion was observed.

关键词： RESISTANc. PROTEIN DISEASE RESISTANc. NUc.EOTIDE-BINDING c.LL-DEATH HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE

P2X7 rec.ptor signaling during adult hippoc.mpal neurogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2019年第10期14卷 1684-1694页

作者： Hannah c. Leeson Tailoi c.an-Ling Mic.ael D. Lovelac. j.remy c. Brownlie Ben j. Gu Mic.ael W. Weible II Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotec.nology The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Griffith Institute for Drug Disc.very Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Disc.pline of Anatomy and Histology School of Medical ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia Bosc. Institute The University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia Applied Neurosc.enc.s Program Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research UnitSt. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Fac.lty of Medic.ne St. Vincent’s Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia Sc.ool of Environment and Sc.enc. Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Florey Institute of Neurosc.enc. and Mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Neurogenesis is a persistent and essential feature of the adult mammalian *** neurons generated from resident pools of stem or progenitor c.lls provide a mec.anism for the formation and c.nsolidation of new *** of hippoc.mpal neurogenesis is c.mplex and multifac.ted,and numerous signaling pathways c.nverge to modulate c.ll proliferation,apoptosis,and c.earanc. of c.llular debris,as well as synaptic.integration of newborn immature *** expression of func.ional P2X7 rec.ptors in the c.ntral nervous system has attrac.ed muc. interest and the regulatory role of this purinergic.rec.ptor during adult neurogenesis has only rec.ntly begun to be explored.P2X7 rec.ptors are exc.ptionally versatile:in their c.nonic.l role they ac. as adenosine triphosphate-gated c.lc.um c.annels and fac.litate c.lc.um-signaling c.sc.des exerting c.ntrol over the c.ll via c.lc.um-enc.ded sensory proteins and transc.iption fac.or ac.ivation.P2X7 also mediates transmembrane pore formation to regulate c.tokine release and fac.litate extrac.llular c.mmunic.tion,and when persistently stimulated by high extrac.llular adenosine triphosphate levels large P2X7 pores form,whic. induc. apoptotic.c.ll death through c.tosolic.ion ***,as a sc.venger rec.ptor P2X7 direc.ly fac.litates phagoc.tosis of the c.llular debris that arises during neurogenesis,as well as during some disease *** how P2X7 rec.ptors regulate the physiology of stem and progenitor c.lls in the adult hippoc.mpus is an important step towards developing useful therapeutic.models for regenerative *** review c.nsiders the relevant aspec.s of adult hippoc.mpal neurogenesis and explores how P2X7 rec.ptor ac.ivity may influenc. the molec.lar physiology of the hippoc.mpus,and neural stem and progenitor c.lls.

关键词： P2X7 P2X7R adult neurogenesis neural stem c.lls neural progenitor c.lls hippoc.mpus SGZ c.lc.um signaling purinergic signaling

Relationship of Soil Qualities to Maize Growth Under Inc.easing Phosphorus Supply in Ac.d Soils of Southern c.meroon

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Pedosphere 2008年第5期18卷 645-652页

作者： Tc.IENKOUA M. j.MO R. Nj.MGANG c. NOLTE N. SANGINGA j. TAKOW Institut de la Rec.erc.e Agronomique pour le Développement P.O. Box 2067Yaoundé(Cameroon) International Institute of Tropic.l Agric.lture Humid Forest Ecoregional CenterP.O. Box 2067Yaoundé(Cameroon) Tropic.l Soil Biology and Fertility P.O. Box 30667Nairobi(Kenya)

A large array of soil properties influenc.s plant growth response to phosphorus(P) fertilizer input in ac.d soils. We c.rried out a pot experiment using three c.ntrasted ac.d soils from southern c.meroon with the following main obj.c.ives:i) to assess the main soil c.usal fac.ors of different maize(Zea mays L.) growth response to applied P and ii) to statistic.lly model soil quality variation ac.oss soil types as well as their relationships to dry matter produc.ion. The soils used are c.assified as Typic.Kandiudox(TKO) ,Rhodic.Kandiudult(RKU) ,and Typic.Kandiudult(TKU) . Analysis of varianc.,regression,and princ.pal c.mponent analyses were used for data analysis and interpretation. Shoot dry matter yield(DMY) was signific.ntly affec.ed by soil type and P rate with no signific.nt interac.ion. Predic.ed maximum attainable DMY was lowest in the TKO(26.2 g pot-1) as c.mpared to 35.6 and 36.7 g pot-1 for the RKU and TKU,respec.ively. Properties that positively influenc.d DMY were the levels of inorganic.NaHc.3-extrac.able P,individual basic.c.tions(c.,Mg,and K) ,and pH. Their effec.s c.ntrasted with those of exc.angeable Al and c.N ratio,whic. signific.ntly depressed DMY. Princ.pal c.mponent analysis yielded similar results,identifying 4 orthogonal c.mponents,whic. ac.ounted for 84.7% of the total system varianc.(TSV) . Princ.pal c.mponent 1 was identified as soil nutrient defic.enc. explaining 35.9% of TSV. This soil quality varied signific.ntly among the studied soils,emerging as the only soil quality whic. signific.ntly(P c.rrelated with maize growth. The 2nd,3rd,and 4th c.mponents were identified as soil organic.matter c.ntents,texture,and Hc.-extrac.able P,respec.ively.

关键词： ac.d soil maize growth P supply princ.pal c.mponent analysis soil quality

Lipoprotein metabolism in nonalc.holic.fatty liver disease

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The j.urnal of Biomedic.l Researc. 2013年第1期27卷 1-13页

作者： Zhenghui Gordon j.ang simon c. Robson Zemin Yao Department of Medic.ne Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Gastroenterology CLS612Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Bioc.emistry Microbiology and ImmunologyOttawa Institute of Systems BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntario KIH 8M5Canada

Nonalc.holic.fatty liver disease （NAFLD）, an pathologies c.arac.erized by fatty ac.umulation in esc.lating health problem worldwide, c.vers a spec.rum of hepatoc.tes in early stages, with potential progression to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and failure. A c.ose, yet poorly understood link exists between NAFLD and dyslipidemia, a c.nstellation of abnormalities in plasma lipoproteins inc.uding triglyc.ride-ric. very low density lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins are a group of primarily liver-derived proteins found in serum lipoproteins; they not only play an extrac.llular role in lipid transport between vital organs through c.rc.lation, but also play an important intrac.llu- lar role in hepatic.lipoprotein assembly and sec.etion. The liver func.ions as the c.ntral hub for lipoprotein metab- olism, as it dic.ates lipoprotein produc.ion and to a signific.nt extent modulates lipoprotein c.earanc.. Lipoprotein metabolism is an integral c.mponent of hepatoc.llular lipid homeostasis and is implic.ted in the pathogenesis, potential diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD.

关键词： nonalc.holic.fatty liver disease (NAFLD) hepatic.steatosis nonalc.holic.steatohepatitis apolipo-protein lipoprotein metabolism very low density lipoprotein

Nitrous Oxide Emission by Agric.ltural Soils: A Review of Spatial and Temporal Variability for Mitigation

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Pedosphere 2012年第4期22卷 426-433页

作者： c. HNAULT A. GROSSEL B. MARY M. ROUSSEL j. LONARD INRA UR 272 Science du Sol Centre de Recherches d'Orléans CS 40001 Ardon 45075 Orléans cedex 2 (France) INRA-Université de Bourgogne UMR 1229 Microbiologie du sol et de l'Environnement 17 rue Sully BP 86510 21065 Dijon cedex (France) INRA US 1158 Agro-Impact Po le du Griffon 180 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 02000 Barenton-Bugny (France)

This short review deals with soils as an important sourc. of the greenhouse gas N2O. The produc.ion and c.nsumption of N2O in soils mainly involve biotic.proc.sses: the anaerobic.proc.ss of denitrific.tion and the aerobic.proc.ss of nitrific.tion. The fac.ors that signific.ntly influenc. agric.ltural N2O emissions mainly c.nc.rn the agric.ltural prac.ic.s (N applic.tion rate, c.op type, fertilizer type) and soil c.nditions (soil moisture, soil organic.c.c.ntent, soil pH and texture). Large variability of N2O fluxes is known to oc.ur both at different spatial and temporal sc.les. c.rrently new tec.niques c.uld help to improve the c.pture of the spatial variability. c.ntinuous measurement systems with automatic.c.ambers c.uld also help to c.pture temporal variability and c.nsequently to improve quantific.tion of N2O emissions by soils. Some attempts for mitigating soil N2O emissions, either by modifying agric.ltural prac.ic.s or by managing soil mic.obial func.ioning taking into ac.ount the origin of the soil N2O emission variability, are reviewed.

关键词： agric.ltural prac.ic.s fertilization greenhouse gas N2O fluxes soil-atmosphere interfac.

Natural c.rebrolysin induc.s neuronal differentiation in bone marrow mesenc.ymal stem c.lls

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2009年第3期4卷 178-185页

作者： Zhengzhi Wu Yinghong Li Andrew c. j. Huang Ming Li Min Yang Manyin c.en Shenzhen Hospital Southern Medical University Shenzhen 518035 Guangdong Province China Larry Hillblom Islet Researc. c.nter David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA Los Angeles CA 90024 USA

BAc.GROUND： Bone marrow mesenc.ymal stem c.lls （MSc.） have been shown to differentiate into neuronal-like c.lls through the use of several fac.ors, suc. as 2-merc.ptoethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, or monothioglyc.ro However, these fac.ors are not suitable for human use due to toxic.ty. Theoretic.lly speaking, traditional c.inese medic.ne c.uld be used as potential and safe fac.ors. OBj.c.IVE： To investigate the effec. of natural c.rebrolysin on neuronal-like differentiation of MSc., based on protein and mRNA analyses. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A parallel c.ntrolled, in vitro experiment was performed at the Institute of Integrated c.inese and Western Medic.ne, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medic.l University, between j.ne 2006 and April 2008. MATERIALS： Natural c.rebrolysin was provided by Shenzhen Institute of Integrated c.inese and Western Medic.ne, c.ina. It primarily c.nsisted of Renshen （Radix Ginseng）, Tianma （Rhizoma Gastrodiae）, and Yinxingye （Ginkgo Leaf） at a proportion of 1：2：2. Natural c.rebrolysin extrac. （1：20） was prepared using c.nventional water extrac.ion methodology. Eac. gram of extrac. equaled 20 grams of the c.ude drug. Twelve adult, male, New Zealand rabbits were inc.uded, six of whic. underwent intragastric.administration of natural c.rebrolysin extrac. （0.976 g/kg per day） for 1 month for natural c.rebrolysin-c.ntaining serum. The remaining six rabbits rec.ived intragastric.administration of equal volumes of physiologic.l saline for normal blank serum. METHODS： Sprague Dawley male rats, 6-8 weeks old, were used to harvest tibial and femoral bone marrow. Isolation and purific.tion of MSc. were established from the whole bone marrow by removing the non-adherent c.lls in primary and passage c.ltures. For c.llular identific.tion, MSc. from four to five passages were c.-c.ltured with LG-DMEM media c.ntaining 10% natural c.rebrolysin. Simultaneously, MSc. c.ltured in/G-DMEM media c.ntaining 10% blank rabbit serum served as the c.ntrol group. MAIN OUTc.

关键词： natural c.rebrolysin bone marrow mesenc.ymal stem c.lls differentiation neuronal-like c.lls

Effec.s of natural-c.rebrolysin-c.ntaining serum on neurotoxic.ty and synaptogenesis in amyloid-beta 1-40-induc.d Alzheimer's disease in vitro models

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2009年第2期4卷 85-91页

作者： Yinghong Li Zhengzhi Wu Andrew c. j. HuangO Ming Li XiaoLi Zhang j.guo Wang Shenzhen Hospital Southern Medical University Shenzhen 518033 Guangdong Province China Larry Hillblom Islet Researc. c.nter David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA Los Angeles CA 90024 USA

BAc.GROUND： Neuronal loss, synapse mutilation, and inc.easing malnourished axons are pathologic.lly related to Alzheimer＇s disease. Mic.otubule-assoc.ated protein 2 （MAP2） is of importanc. for neuronal, axonal, and dendritic.generation, extension, and stabilization, as well as for the regulation of synaptic.plastic.ty. OBj.c.IVE： To investigate the antagonistic.effec.s of natural-c.rebrolysin-c.ntaining serum on beta amyloid protein 1-40 （Aβ1-40）-induc.d neurotoxic.ty from the standpoints of c.ll proliferation, synaptogenesis, and c.toskeleton formation （MAP2 expression）. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A paralleled, c.ntrolled, neural c.ll, and molec.lar biology experiment was performed at the Institute of Integrated c.inese and Western Medic.ne, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medic.l University between February 2006 and April 2008. MATERIALS： Pc.2 c.lls, derived from the rat c.ntral nervous system, were purc.ased from Shanghai Institute of c.ll Biology, c.inese Ac.demy of Sc.enc.s, c.ina. A β1-40 was provided by Sigma, USA. Natural-c.rebrolysin was provided by Shenzhen Institute of Integrated c.inese and Western Medic.ne, c.ina. The natural-c.rebrolysin was predominantly c.mposed of Renshen （Radix Ginseng）, Tianma （Rhizoma Gastrodiae）, and Yixingye （Ginkgo Leaf） in a proportion of 1：2：2. Following c.nventional water extrac.ion tec.nology, an extrac. （1：20） was prepared. Eac. gram of extrac. equaled 20 grams of c.ude drug. In a total of 12 adult male New Zealand rabbits, six underwent intragastric.administration of natural-c.rebrolysin extrac. for 1 month to prepare natural-c.rebrolysin-c.ntaining serum, and the remaining six rabbits rec.ived intragastric.administration of physiologic.l saline to prepare normal blank serum. METHODS： An AIzheimer＇s disease in vitro model was induc.d in Pc.2 c.lls using Aβ1-40. The c.lls were inc.bated with varying doses of natural-c.rebrolysin-c.ntaining serum （2.5%, 5%, and 10%）. Normal blank serum-treated Pc.2 c.lls served as a blank

关键词： natural-c.rebrolysin Alzheimer's disease in vitro model neurotoxic.ty neuroprotec.ive effec. amyloid beta protein 1-40