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Acute Diarrhea Etiology in Young Children and Adults in the Republic of Maldives—A Point Prevalence Study

Open j.urnal of Medical Microbiology 2015年第4期5卷 222-230页

作者： Abdul A. Yoosuf Ladaporn Bodhidatta Siriporn Sornsakrin Fathimath I. Manik Shah Saeed Mohamed Hassan Carl j. Mason Indira gandhi Memorial Hospital Male Republic of Maldives Azmi-Naeem Medical and Diagnostic Centre Male Republic of Maldives Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Bangkok Thailand Hithadhoo Regional Hospital Seenu Atoll Republic of Maldives Kulhudhuffushi Regional Hospital Haa Dhaalu Atoll Republic of Maldives

Introduction: Despite its recent status of middle-income country in WHO’s South-East Asia Region, diarrhea remains an important yet unresearched public health issue in the Republic of Maldives. Methodology: We conducted a one-month cross-sectional study in children and adults with acute diarrhea at three regional hospitals in Maldives in August-September 2007 to investigate the point-prevalence of diarrhea etiologic agents. Enteric Bacteria was identified by a standard microbiology technique and isolates were submitted for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Rotavirus, astrovirus and adenovirus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test for norovirus. Results: We enrolled 73 children and 57 adults with acute diarrhea. The most common pathogens detected in children were norovirus (43%) and rotavirus (18%). Vibrio parahaemolyticus (18%) and rotavirus (17%) were the most common pathogens found in adults. Multiple and mixed infections were common. All noroviruses were identified as genogroup II/type 4(GII/4). The genotype distributions of rotaviruses were G2P[4] (48%), G12P[6] (37%), G2P[6] (5%), G9P[8] (5%), and non-typeable G2 (5%). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary data on the importance of norovirus and rotavirus as diarrhea etiologic agents in Maldives. A systematic prospective diarrhea surveillance documenting disease burden, etiology, seasonal variation, as well as risk factors should be conducted for the development of public health interventions to reduce diarrhea morbidity and mortality in Maldives.

关键词： Diarrhea Maldives Rotavirus Norovirus

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颅内动脉粥样硬化血管内治疗的实践标准

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国际脑血管病杂志 2012年第12期20卷 893-904页

作者： M Shazam Hussain j.stin F Fraser Todd Abruzzo Kristine A Blackham Ketan R Bulsara Colin P Derdeyn Chirag D gandhi j.shua AHksch Daniel P Hsu Mahesh V j.yaraman Philip M M eYers Sandra Narayanan Charles j.Prestigiacomo Peter A Rasmussen 蔡乾昆(译) 李永坤(译) 刘新峰(译) 代表神经介入外科学学会南方医科大学南京临床医学院南京军区南京总医院神经内科 210002

背景有症状颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病（intraeranial atherosclerotic disease，ICAD）是全世界范围内最常见的卒中原因之一。研究显示，严重ICAD患者的复发性卒中风险很高，亟需有效的预防手段。药物治疗是治疗ICAD的基础，对所有患者都... 详细信息

背景有症状颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病（intraeranial atherosclerotic disease，ICAD）是全世界范围内最常见的卒中原因之一。研究显示，严重ICAD患者的复发性卒中风险很高，亟需有效的预防手段。药物治疗是治疗ICAD的基础，对所有患者都至关重要。血管内治疗也是一种潜在的治疗选择，但在最佳的技术和患者选择方面仍需进一步探索。本指南旨在为ICAD患者提供诊断和血管内治疗的推荐意见。方法进行文献回顾，以选#2000年至2011年期间发表的有关ICAD的文献。根据美国心脏协会（AmericanHeartAssociation，AHA）庄荚国卒中协会标准对证据进行评估和分类。在神经介入外科学学会标准委员会对现有证据进行评价的基础上制定推荐意见。按照美国神经病学学会（AmericanAcademyofNeurology，AAN）、AHA卒中委员会以及牛津大学循证医学中心（CentreforEvidenceBasedMedicine，CEBM）建议的循证医学指南进行评估。结果总共选定59篇文献。支架置人术与强化药物治疗预防颅内动脉狭窄患者复发性卒中（StentingversusAggressiveMedicalManagementforPreventingRecurrentStrokeinIntracranial＆enosis。SAMMPRIS）研究是现有的唯一一项前瞻性随机对照试验，文献的证据级别被归类为AHA B级、AANⅡ级和CEBM1b级。有症状椎动脉或颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病支架置人术（StentingofSymptomaticAtheroscleroticLesionsintheVertebralorIntracranialarteries，SSYLVtA）试验是由独立的神经科医生进行转归评价的一项前瞻性非随机研究，文献的证据级别被归类为AHAB级、AANⅢ级和CEBM2级。其他研究均为非对照性或未进行客观的转归评价，因此证据级别被归类为AHAC级、AAHIV级和CEBM4级。结论对于有症状ICAD患者，阿司匹林＋氯毗格雷联合治疗3个月和强化控制危险因素是一线治疗方案。对于经过选择的有症状ICAD患者，球囊血管成形／支架置入术是一种可供选择的治疗方案。需要进一步研究，以确定合适的患者选择标准以及针对各种亚组患者的最佳治疗方案。

关键词：颅内动脉粥样硬化血管内治疗标准动脉粥样硬化性疾病美国神经病学学会最佳治疗方案复发性卒中随机对照试验

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南非农村地区HIV阳性儿童的广泛耐药结核病情况

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2011年第4期6卷 162-168页

作者： T.A.Thomas S.V.Shenoi S.K.Heysell F.j.Eksteen V.B.Sunkari N.R.gandhi G.Friedland N.S.Shah 王冬梅 Tugela Ferry Care and Research Collaboration Tugela Ferry KwaZulu-Natal South Africa Department of Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut Division of Infectious Disease and International Health University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia AIDS Program Section of Infectious Diseases Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA Tugela Ferry Care and Research Collaboration Tugela Ferry KwaZulu-Natal South AfricaChurch of Scotland Hospital and Philanjalo Care Centre Tugela FerryKwaZulu-Natal Department of Paediatrics King George V Hospital Durban South Africa Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York New York USA

背景:全球均有对广泛耐药结核病的文献报道,但对儿童广泛耐药结核病的文献报道非常罕见。目的:报告南非农村地区广泛耐药结核病患儿的特征。设计:在南非共和国图盖拉渡口地区,对2006年1月—2007年12月间登记的经痰培养确诊为广泛耐药结... 详细信息

背景:全球均有对广泛耐药结核病的文献报道,但对儿童广泛耐药结核病的文献报道非常罕见。目的:报告南非农村地区广泛耐药结核病患儿的特征。设计:在南非共和国图盖拉渡口地区,对2006年1月—2007年12月间登记的经痰培养确诊为广泛耐药结核病的患儿进行了回顾性评估。从患儿病案中获得其人口统计学、临床和微生物学信息。结果:4例6～8岁的儿童为广泛耐药结核病患者。其中2例患儿先前有结核病史。4例患儿均为感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒的孤儿,其中3例在诊断患有广泛耐药结核病之前已接受了高效抗逆转录病毒治疗。在接受标准化抗广泛耐药结核病和高效抗逆转录病毒治疗后,所有患儿的临床表现、影像学均改善,痰培养阴转。其中2例患儿较好地耐受了抗广泛耐药结核病和高效抗逆转录病毒同时治疗。另外2例出现了环丝氨酸相关的神经精神系统不良反应。4例患儿的存活时间均超过24个月,广泛耐药结核病均得到治愈。在诊断为广泛耐药结核病之前,这些患儿在儿科病房的平均住院时间为8个月(5～17个月),包括3个月的住院重叠期。结论:广泛耐药结核病依靠微生物学来确诊,合并艾滋病的广泛耐药结核病患者也能被成功诊断。尽管需要对同时接受两种治疗的潜在交叉毒性开展更多的研究,但本研究显示患儿同时接受抗广泛耐药结核病和高效抗逆转录病毒治疗是可行且有效的。

关键词：广泛耐药结核病耐药结核病结核病儿科艾滋病/结核病双重感染

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Modeling of aggregation kernels for fluidized beds using discrete particle model simulations

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Particuology 2014年第2期12卷 134-144页

作者： Nageswara Rao Narni Mirko Peglow Gerald Warnecke j.tendra Kumar Stefan Heinriche j.A.M.Kuipers Department of Mathematics Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge TechnologiesGachibowliHyderabad 500032India Institute for Process Engineering Otto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgUniversitatsplatz 2D-39106 MagdeburgGermany Institute for Analysis and Numerics Otto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgUniversitatsplatz 2D-39106 MagdeburgGermany Department of Mathematics ⅡT KharagpurIndia Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle TechnologyHamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Eindhoven University of Technology-SMR P.O.Box 5135600 MB EindhovenThe Netherlands

Aggregation is one of the many important processes in chemical and process engineering. Several researchers have attempted to understand this complex process in fluidized beds using the macro-model of population balance equations （PBEs）. The aggregation kernel is an effective parameter in PBEs, and is defined as the product of the aggregation efficiency and collision frequency functions. Attempts to derive this kernel have taken different approaches, including theoretical, experimental, and empirical techniques. The present paper calculates the aggregation kernel using micro-model computer simulations, i.e., a discrete particle model. We simulate the micro-model without aggregation for various initial conditions, and observe that the collision frequency function is in good agreement with the shear kernel. We then simulate the micro-model with aggregation and calculate the aggregation efficiency rate.

关键词： Aggregation kernelsMulti-phase flowCollision frequency functionAggregation efficiency rateBed parameter

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Assessment of biomass and net primary productivity of a dry tropical forest using geospatial technology

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j.urnal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 157-170页

作者： Tarun Kumar Thakur S.L.Swamy Arvind Bij.lwan Mammohan j.R.Dobriyal Department of Environmental Science Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU) Department of Forestry Indira Gandhi Agricultural University Faculty of Technical Forestry Indian Institute of Forest Management Navsari Agriculture University

This study quantifies biomass, aboveground and belowground net productivity, along with additional environmental factors over a 2-3 year period in Barnawapara Sanctuary of Chhattisgarh, India through satellite remotesensing and GIS techniques. Ten sampling quadrates20×20, 5×5 and 1×1 m were randomly laid for overstorey (OS), understorey (US) and ground vegetation(GS), respectively. Girth of trees was measured at breast height and collar diameters of shrubs and herbs at 0.1 m height. Biomass was estimated using allometric regression equations and herb biomass by harvesting. Net primary productivity (NPP) was determined by Ssumming biomass increment and litter crop values. Aspect and slope influenced the vegetation types, biomass and NPP in different forests. Standing biomass and NPP varied from 18.6 to101.5 Mg ha^(-1) and 5.3 to 12.7 Mg ha^(-1) a^(-1), respectively,in different forest types. The highest biomass was found in dense mixed forest, while net production recoded in Teak forests. Both were lowest in degraded mixed forests of different forest types. OS, US and GS contributed 90.4, 8.7and 0.7%, respectively, for the total mean standing biomass in different forests. This study developed spectral models for the estimation of biomass and NPP using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and other vegetation *** study demonstrated the potential of geospatial tools for estimation of biomass and net productivity of dry tropical forest ecosystem.

关键词： Allometric regression equations Fine root biomass Litter fall LAI NDVI Spectral models

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xF_3(x,Q^2) Structure Function and Gross-Llewellyn Smith Sum Rule with Nuclear Effect and Higher Twist Correction

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2016年第12期65卷 663-670页

作者： N.M.Nath A.Mukharj.e M.K.Das j.K.Sarma Department of Physics Rajiv Gandhi University High Energy Physics Laboratory Department of Physics Tezpur University

We present an analysis of the xF_3(x,Q^2) structure function and Gross-Llewellyn Smith(GLS) sum rule taking into account the nuclear effects and higher twist correction. This analysis is based on the results presented in[N.M. Nath, et al., Indian j. Phys. 90(2016) 117]. The corrections due to nuclear effects predicted in several earlier analysis are incorporated to our results of xF_3(x,Q^2) structure function and GLS sum rule for free nucleon, corrected upto next-next-to-leading order(NNLO) perturbative order and calculate the nuclear structure function as well as sum rule for nuclei. In addition, by means of a simple model we have extracted the higher twist contributions to the nonsinglet structure function xF_3(x,Q^2) and GLS sum rule in NNLO perturbative orders and then incorporated them to our results. Our NNLO results along with nuclear effect and higher twist corrections are observed to be compatible with corresponding experimental data and other phenomenological analysis.

关键词：核子结构函数 Smith 核效应求和规则校正扭曲计算顺序结构功能

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Interaction study between Ocimum sanctum and Glimepiride(sulfonylurea derivative) in diabetic rats

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j.urnal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2015年第3期24卷 156-163页

作者： Mohd Fasih Ahmad Raj.K.Keservani D j.Mani Babu Department of Pharmacology V. L. College of Pharmacy School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya

The present study was intended to discover the interaction between Ocimum sanctum(O. sanctum) and Glimepiride, a sulfonylurea derivative used in the treatment of type-2 diabetes, in diabetic rats to suggest an alteration in the dose of Glimepiride in case of hypoglycaemia. LD50 studies for the aqueous extract of O. sanctum leaf were carried out in albino mice up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg. O. sanctum at low, medium and high doses(100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, per oral), respectively and Glimepiride ?(half) therapeutic dose, therapeutic dose and 2 time therapeutic dose(0.036, 0.072 and 0.144 mg/200 g, per oral) were selected. After the treatment with O. sanctum and Glimepiride as single doses and in various combinations of these two drugs in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats serum glucose levels in all the groups were analysed by the glucose oxidase-peroxidase method. When administered alone as single doses both aqueous extract of O. sanctum leaf and Glimepiride produced a significant anti-diabetic effect in diabetic rats. The anti-diabetic effect observed with combination of aqueous extract of O. sanctum leaf and Glimepiride was significant and more when compared to either of the drugs given alone. There was a definite interaction that necessitates dose readj.stment of Glimepiride and further glucose levels are to be frequently monitored to avoid complication of hypoglycemic condition with aqueous extract of O. sanctum leaf and Glimepiride combination.

关键词： Herb-drug interaction Ocimum sanctum Glimepiride Type-2 diabetes

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Statistical modeling and optimization of a multistage gas-solid fluidized bed for removing pollutants from flue gases

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Particuology 2015年第5期13卷 72-81页

作者： K.Mahalik Y.K.Mohanty K.C.Biswal G.K.Roy j.N.Sahu Department of Chemical Engineering Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Malaya Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area Faculty of EngineeringInstitut Teknologi Brunei(A Technology University)

The present paper describes the statistical modeling and optimization of a multistage gas-solid fluidized bed reactor for the control of hazardous pollutants in flue gas. In this work, we study the hydrodynamics of the pressure drop and minimum fluidization velocity. The hydrodynamics of a three-stage fluidized bed are then compared with those for a single-stage unit. It is observed that the total pressure drop over all stages of the three-stage fluidized bed is less than that of an identical single-stage system. However, the minimum fluidization velocity is higher in the single-stage unit. Under identical conditions, the minimum fluidization velocity is highest in the top bed, and lowest in the bottom bed. This signifies that the behavior of solids changes from a well-mixed flow to a plug-flow, with intermediate behavior in the middle bed.

关键词： Fluidized bed Multi-stage Pressure drop Minimum fluidization velocity Optimization

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Foliar Application of Benzothiadiazole and Salicylic Acid to Combat Sheath Blight Disease of Rice

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Rice science 2013年第5期20卷 349-355页

作者： Neerj. SOOD B.S.SOHAL j.S.LORE Department of Biochemistry Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana-141004 India Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana-141004 India

A field study was undertaken to ascertain the effects of elicitors viz. benzothiadiazole （BTH） and salicylic acid （SA） on defense related enzymes viz. peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, superoxide dismutase, chitinase and 13-1,3-glucanase, and phenols in rice （Pusa Basmati I） plants. First foliar spray of BTH （50 mg/kg） and SA （50 mg/kg） was done at the maximum tillering stage and inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani was carried 24 h after elicitor treatment. Elicitors were further sprayed at every growth stage. Time course analysis showed peak accumulation of defense related enzymes and phenols in the rice leaves treated with BTH and SA, and accumulation was the highest at the flowering stage. Higher enzymatic activity was observed in elicitor treated plants inoculated with R. solani. Compared to the untreated control plants, application of elicitors before R. solani inoculation significantly elicited the defense related enzymes and phenols. Moreover, application of elicitors had a positive effect on yield and disease reduction. It is suggested that pretreatment of rice leaves with BTH and SA could be used to enhance the level of protection against sheath blight and to improve rice yield in the fields.

关键词： Oryza sativa benzothiadiazole salicylic acid defense related enzyme phenols sheath blight foliar application

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Antibacterial activity and characterization of secondary metabolites isolated from mangrove plant Avicennia officinalis

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Asian Pacific j.urnal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第7期3卷 544-546页

作者： Valentin Bhimba B j.Meenupriya Elsa Lycias j.el D Edaya Naveena Suman kumar M Thangaraj Department of Biotechnology Sathyabama University Rajiv Gandhi SalaiChennai-119Tamil naduIndia Institute for Environmental Research and Social Education Nagercoil Kanyakumari DistrictIndia Research Scholar Department of BiotechnologySathyabama UniversityRajiv Gandhi Salai.Chennai-119Tamil naduIndia CAS in Marine Biology Annamalai UniversityParangipettai-608 502Cuddalore DistrictIndia

Obj.ctive:To explore antibacterial activity and characterization of secondary metabolites isolated from mangrove plant Avicennia officinalis(***).Methods:In the present study the leaf extracts of *** were examined for its antibacterial potential using five different solvents against some reference strains of human pathogenic bacteria for the crude *** activity was observed for ethyl acetate and hence different concentrations like 15μL,25μL,and 50μL of ethyl extracts was checked for its antibacterial *** purification of crude extract was carried by column chromatography and fractions were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) to identify ***:The crude ethyl acetate extracts of *** showed remarkable antibacterial activity with zones of inhibition of 13 mm against Eschericia coli(***) and 11 mm against Staphylococcus aureus (***).Fraction 13(ethyl acetate:methanol= 8:2) as the most potent one against with the minimal inhibitory concentration of 30 mm against *** and 25 mm against *** GCMS resultsof active column fraction(F13) revealed that the active principals were a mixture of hydroxy- 4 methoxybenzoic acid,diethyl phthalate,oleic ***:The leaf extracts with proven antibacterial effects can clearly be directed towards cancer treatment as to inhibiting cancer cell *** limited number of test organisms owes to a constraint of ***,the effect of strong bursts of leaf extracts on human pathogenic bacteria should further be tested on a wide range of test organisms.

关键词： Mangrove Avicennia officinalis Antibacterial GC-MS

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