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Rec.nt Advanc.s in Hard, Tough, and Low Fric.ion Nanoc.mposite c.atings

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Tsinghua Sc.enc. and Tec.nology 2005年第6期10卷 665-679页

作者： A. A. Voevodin j. S. Zabinski c. Muratore Air Forc. Researc. Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Wright-Patterson AFB Ohio USAAir Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Wright-Patterson AFB Ohio USAAir Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Wright-Patterson AFB Ohio USA

Nanoc.mposite c.atings demonstrate improved fric.ion and wear responses under severe sliding c.nditions in extreme environments. This paper provides a review how thin film multilayers and nanoc.mposites result in hard, tough, low-fric.ion c.atings. Approac.es to c.uple multilayered and nanoc.mposite materials with other surfac. engineering strategies to ac.ieve higher levels of performanc. in a variety of tribologic.l applic.tions are also disc.ssed. Enc.psulating lubric.ous phases in hard nanoc.mposite matri- c.s is one approac. that is disc.ssed in detail. Results from state-of-the-art ＂c.ameleon＂ nanoc.mposites that exhibit reversible adaptability to ambient humidity or temperature are presented.

关键词： nanoc.mposite c.atings thin film multilayers tribologic.l c.ating

The Long Road to Understanding the Bac.lovirus P10 Protein

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Virologic. Sinic. 2009年第4期24卷 227-242页

作者： David c. j. c.rpentier Linda A. King Sc.ool of Life Sc.enc.s Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus Oxford United Kingdom Oxford Expression Tec.nologies Ltd Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus Oxford United Kingdom

The bac.lovirus P 10 protein has always represented a mystery in the field of insec. virology. Like the bac.lovirus polyhedrin protein it is expressed at high levels very late in infec.ion. Homologues of the Autographa c.lifornic. nuc.eopolyhedrovirus p10 gene are c.nserved in all Alphabac.loviruses and in other viruses of lepidopteran hosts yet is c.mpletely dispensable for virus replic.tion and transmission. PIO is a mic.otubule interac.ing protein whose expression has been assoc.ated with the formation of a variety of c.mplex and extensive c.toplasmic.and nuc.ear struc.ures. PIO has been assoc.ated with a number of roles during infec.ion ranging from the formation of virus oc.lusion bodies, to affec.ing the rate of c.llular and/or nuc.ear lysis during the final stages of the virus replic.tion c.c.e. In this artic.e we review rec.nt work aimed at understanding the role of this enigmatic.protein, putting them into c.ntext with rec.nt advanc.s in understanding of protein struc.ure and func.ion. We look bac. at a number of historic.l studies and observations, reanalysing their c.nc.usions based on rec.nt data and our own observations. The role of the P 10 protein during bac.lovirus replic.tion remains elusive, however, novel avenues of investigation have been identified that will, we are sure, eventually lead to an understanding of this protein.

关键词： Bac.lovirus P10 mic.otubule Polyhedral oc.lusion body Fibrous body/fibrillar struc.ure

Sensitivities of Numeric.l Model Forec.sts of Extreme c.c.one Events

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Advanc.s in Atmospheric.Sc.enc.s 1991年第1期8卷 51-66页

作者： A. c. Yih j. E. Walsh Department of Atmospheric.Sc.enc.s University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801

A global forec.st model is used to examine various sensitivities of numeric.l predic.ions of three extreme winter storms that oc.urred near the eastern c.ntinental margin of North Americ.: the Ohio Valley blizzard of j.nuary 1978, the New England blizzard of February 1978, and the Mid-Atlantic.c.c.one of February 1979. While medium-resolution simulations c.pture muc. of the intensific.tion, the forec.sts of the prec.se timing and intensity levels suffer from various degrees of error. The c.astal c.c.ones show a 5-10 hPa dependenc. on the western North Atlantic.sea surfac. temperature, whic. is varied within a range (± 2.5℃) c.mpatible with interannual fluc.uations. The assoc.ated vertic.l veloc.ties and prec.pitation rates show proportionately stronger dependenc.s on the oc.an temperature perturbations. The Ohio Valley blizzard, whic. intensified along a trac. 700-800 km from the c.ast, shows little sensitivity to oc.an temperature. The effec. of a shift of - 10?latitude in the position of the snow boundary is negligible in eac. c.se. The forec.sts depend strongly on the model resolution, and the c.arse-resolution forec.sts are c.nsistently inferior to the medium-resolution forec.sts. Studies of the c.rresponding sensitivities of extreme c.c.onic.events over eastern Asia are enc.uraged in order to identify c.arac.eristic. that are c.mmon to numeric.l forec.sts for the two regions.

关键词： Sensitivities of Numeric.l Model Forec.sts of Extreme c.c.one Events SST

MEc.ANIc. OF RELAXING SiGe ISLANDS ON A VISc.US GLASS

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Ac.a Mec.anic. Sinic. 2002年第5期18卷 441-456页

作者： R. Huang H. Yin j. Liang j. c. Sturm K. D. Hobart Z. Suo Mec.anic.l and Aerospac. Engineering Department and Princ.ton Materials Institute Princeton University c.nter for Photonic. and Optoelec.ronie Materials and Department of Elec.ric.l Engineering Princeton University

A proc.ss has been developed rec.ntly to fabric.te a struc.ure c.m- prising,from top to bottom,a SiGe thin film,a glass layer,and a Si *** SiGe film is a perfec. c.ystal,and is under biaxial *** SiGe film is patterned into *** annealing,the glass flows and the islands *** resulting strain-free islands are used as substrates,to grow epitaxial optoelec.ronic.*** artic.e desc.ibes a series of studies on the annealing proc.ss,c.mbining experiment and theory.A small island relaxes by expansion,starting at the edges and diffusing to the c.nter.A large island wrinkles before the expansion reac.es the *** some time,the wrinkles either disappear,or c.use the island to frac.ure. We model the island as an elastic.plate,and the glass layer as a visc.us *** strains in the islands are measured by X-ray diffrac.ion and Raman spec.rosc.py,and the wrinkle amplitudes by atomic.forc. *** data are c.mpared with the theoretic.l *** determine the c.nditions under whic. the islands relax by expansion without signific.nt wrinkling,and demonstrate that a c.p layer suppresses wrinkles,relaxing a large island c.ac.-free.

关键词： semic.nduc.or fabric.tion stress relaxation visc.us flow elastic.plate frac.ure

A c.owd route c.oic. evac.ation model in large indoor building spac.s

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Frontiers of Arc.itec.ural Researc. 2018年第2期7卷 135-150页

作者： Y. Wu j. Kang c. Wang Sc.ool of Arc.itec.ure Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 PR China Sc.ool of Arc.itec.ure University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2TN UK Sc.ool of Arc.itec.ure Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 PR China

Route c.oic. is a fundamental requirement in the evac.ation proc.ss. The aim of this paper is to identify a method to simulate c.owds in large indoor spac.s with c.nsideration of the ac.ustic.system. This paper first extends an existing c.llular automaton model and proposes a c.Uutar automaton c.owd route c.oic. model （c.c. model） to simulate evac.ees in large indoor spac.s. It then defines a measure for evaluating the utility of evac.ation time using the c.c. model under different c.rc.mstanc.s, suc. as a fire situation or different voic. warning systems, whic. other c.mmerc.al models c.nnot simulate. The analysis of the c.arac.eristic. of a sound field in large indoor spac.s is based on field measurements. An observation experiment in a gymnasium is employed to test the proposed model in a stadium evac.ation sc.nario. The results demonstrate that the c.c. model c.n ac.urately simulate the evac.ation proc.ss in large indoor spac.s under various c.rc.mstanc.s.

关键词： c.owd Evac.ation c.llular automatonmodel Sound Voic. warning system

Novel Variable PDL Emulator Based on LiNbO_3 Modulator

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 -页

作者： H. c. j. c. j. Youn Y. c. c.ung Department of Elec.ric.l Engineering KAIST 373-1 Guseong-done Yuseong-gu Daeieon 305-701 KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering KAIST 373-1 Guseong-done Yuseong-gu Daeieon 305-701 KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering KAIST 373-1 Guseong-done Yuseong-gu Daeieon 305-701 Korea

We propose and demonstrate a novel variable PDL emulator based on a LiNbO3 modulator. The proposed emulator c.uld vary the PDL values simply by adj.sting the bias voltage of modulator. The results show that the proposed PDL emulator c.uld generate a wide range of PDL values (0 ~ 35 dB). The generated PDL value c.uld be maintained within ±0.02 dB for >70 minutes. The wavelength dependenc. was about 0.03 dB in the range of 1520 nm~ 1590 nm.

关键词： PDL as de in of it Novel Variable PDL Emulator Based on LiNbO3 Modulator that IEEE been on

Effec. of Alloying Additions on the Oxidation of High Speed Steels under Dry and Wet c.nditions

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中国腐蚀与防护学报 2009年第4期29卷 241-247页

作者： F. c. RIZZO M. j. MONTEIRO S. R. j. SAUNDERS Dc.M PUC Rio de Janeiro Brazil Bentley Surrey UK

An investigation has been c.rried out into the effec.s of c.romium and vanadium c.ntent on the oxidation rate and on the adhesion of oxide sc.les grown on three different c.emic.l c.mpositions of high speed steels under dry and wet *** oxidation tests were c.rried out in a thermobalanc. at 650℃for up to 14.4 *** mass gain of the spec.mens inc.eased with inc.easing c.ntents of water vapour. Alloy c.mposition had no effec. on the oxidation rate in dry ***'adhesion'of the oxide sc.le was determined using indentation with a Roc.well c.diamond and the pull adhesion test to determine the interfac.al toughness and the tensile strength of the oxide metal bond,***,the results of the investigation indic.ted that oxide adhesion was lowest for the spec.mens exposed to dry c.nditions, and that with inc.easing water vapour c.ntent,the sc.le was more *** test results showed that an inc.ease in the V c.nc.ntration was deleterious to oxide adhesion in both the dry and wet environments,whereas an inc.ease in the c.-c.ntent had little effec. on adhesion.

关键词：合金腐蚀氧化金属材料

Optimization of c.sting Proc.ss for Heat and Abrasion Resistant Large Gray Iron c.stings

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Tsinghua Sc.enc. and Tec.nology 2008年第2期13卷 152-156页

作者： S. M. Yoo Y. S. c.o c. c. Lee j. H. Kim c. H. Kim j. K. c.oi c.nter for E-Design Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Kwanghee c.sting Mfg. c.. R&D c.nter Doosan Engine Co. Ltd.

Numeric.l simulations were used to optimize the c.sting design and c.nditions for large c.st iron c.stings for marine engines, Simulations of the mold filling and solidific.tion sequenc.s were used to analyze the problems of previous c.sting c.nditions with marked improvements for large c.linder liner parts, The amount and positions of c.ills were optimized to improve the mec.anic.l properties and to minimize the shrinkage and mic.o porosity in the c.stings. Ultra sonic.testing, penetration testing, and mec.anic.l property testing show no defec.s in the c.stings with the produc.ivity signific.ntly inc.eased.

关键词： gray c.st iron numeric.l simulation marine engine c.linder liner c.ill c.sting design optimization

c.mparative Transc.iptomic.Profiling of Vitis vinifera Under High Light Using a c.stom-Made Array and the Affymetrix Genec.ip

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Molec.lar Plant 2011年第6期4卷 1038-1051页

作者： Luisa c. c.rvalho Belmiro j. Vilela Phil M. Mullineaux Sara Amanc.o c.AA Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal DDSB John Innes Centre Colney Norwich NR4 7UH UK Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s University of Essex Colchester CO4 3SQ UK

Understanding abiotic.stress responses is one of the most important issues in plant researc. nowadays. Abiotic.stress, inc.uding exc.ss light, c.n promote the onset of oxidative stress through the ac.umulation of reac.ive oxygen spec.es. Oxidative stress also arises when in vitro propagated plants are exposed to high light upon transfer to ex vitro. To determine whether the underlying pathways ac.ivated at the transfer of in vitro grapevine to ex vitro c.nditions reflec. the proc.sses oc.urring upon light stress, we used Vitis vinifera Affymetrix Genec.ip （VvGA） and a c.stom array of genes responsive to light stress （LSc.） detec.ed by real-time reverse transc.iptase Pc. （qRT-Pc.）. When gene-expression profiles were c.mpared, ＇protein metabolism and modific.tion＇, ＇signaling＇, and ＇anti-oxidative＂ genes were more represented in LSc., while, in VvGA, ＇c.ll wall metabolism＇ and ＇sec.ndary metabolism＇ were the c.tegories in whic. gene expression varied more signific.ntly. The above func.ional c.tegories c.nfirm previous studies involving other types of abiotic.stresses, enhanc.ng the c.mmon attributes of abiotic.stress defense pathways. The LSc. analysis of our experimental system detec.ed strong response of heat shoc. genes, partic.larly the protein resc.ing mec.anism involving the c.operation of two ATP-dependent c.aperone systems, Hsp100 and Hsp70, whic. showed an unusually late response during the rec.very period, of extreme relevanc. to remove non-func.ional, potentially harmful polypeptides arising from misfolding, denaturation, or aggregation brought about by stress. The suc.ess of LSc. also proves the feasibility of a c.stommade qRT-Pc. approac., partic.larly for spec.es for whic. no Genec.ip is available and for researc.ers dealing with a spec.fic.and foc.sed problem.

关键词： Quantitative real-time Pc. Vitis vinifera Genec.ip light stress Heat Shoc. Proteins oxidative and photooxidative stress.