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The integrated use of.chemical insecticides and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinemema carpocapsae （Nematoda： Steinernematidae）, f.r the control of.sweetpotato whitef.y, Bemisia tabaci （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae）

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Insect Science 2008年第5期15卷 447-453页

作者： Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson james j. Mathers Phil Northing Anthony j. Prickett Keith f. A. Waiters Central Science Laboratory Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZ UK

The integration of.chemical insecticides and inf.ctive juveniles of.the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae （Wesier）（Nematoda： Steinernematidae）, to control second instars of.the sweetpotato whitef.y, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） was investigated. Using a sand bioassay, the ef.ects of.direct exposure of.S. carpocapsae f.r 24 h to f.eld rate dilutions of.f.ur insecticides （spiromesif.n, thiacloprid, imidacloprid and pymetrozine） on inf.ctivity to Galleria mellonella larvae were tested. Although all chemicals tested, except spiromesif.n, produced acceptable nematode inf.ctivity rates, they were all signif.cantly less than the water control. The ef.ect of.insecticide treatment （dry residues of.spiromesif.n, thiacloprid and pymetrozine and soil drench of.imidacloprid） on the ef.icacy of.the nematode against B. tabaci was also investigated. Nematodes in combination with thiacloprid and spiromesif.n gave higher B. tabaci mortality （86.5% and 94.3% respectively） compared to using nematodes alone （75.2%） on tomato plants. There was no signif.cant dif.erence in B. tabaci mortality when using the chemicals imidacloprid, pymetrozine and spiromesif.n in conjunction with nematodes compared to using the chemicals alone. However, using thiacloprid in combination with the nematodes produced signif.cantly higher B. tabaci mortality than using the chemical alone. The integration of.S. carpocapsae and these chemical agents into current integrated pest management programmes f.r the control of.B. tabaci is discussed.

关键词： entomopathogenic nematode inf.ctivity insecticide residue pest management

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Multimedia model of.atrazine in plant-soil-groundwater system with a f.gacity approach

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journal of.Environmental Sciences 2001年第4期13卷 466-471页

作者： Ye, C.-m. Lei, Z.-f. Wang, X.-j. Gong, A.-j. Zheng, H.-h. Res. Cntr. Eco-Environmental Sci. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The application of.atrazine in China during the last ten years has led to some environmental problems. In this paper, the multimedia model of.atrazine in soil-plant-groundwater system at Baiyangdian Lake area in Northern China was established using a f.gacity approach, and verif.ed with observed values. The model involved 7 environmental compartments which are air, groundwater, soil, corn roots, corn stem, corn leaf.and kernel of.corn. The results showed that the relative errors between calculated and observed values have a mean value of.24.7%, the highest value is 48% and the lowest value is 1.4%. All these values indicated that this multimedia model can be used to simulate the environmental f.te of.atrazine. Both the calculated and observed values of.concentrations of.atrazine in plant compartments are in the f.llowing order: in corn roots > in corn stem > in kernel of.corn > in corn leaf. it exhibited a good regularity. The prediction results indicated that concentrations of.atrazine in the groundwater and kernel of.corn will override the limitation of.3 μg/L and 0.05 mg/kg respectively.

关键词： Concentration (process) Error detection Groundwater Lakes Plants (botany) Soils

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COUPLED NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON COLD ROLLER'S TEMPERATURE f.f.D-PHASE TRANSf.RMATION - STRESS f.ELD DURING ITS QUENCHING PSOCESS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2000年第1期13卷 254-262页

作者： j. f. Gu j. S. Pan M. j. Hu and f. f. Shen (School of.Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China)

Complicated changns occur inside the steel parts during quenching process. The abruptly changed boundary conditions make the temperature f.eld,micro - structure and stress f.eld change dramatically in very short time, and these variables take a contact interactions in the whole process. In this paper, a three dimensional non - linear mathematical model f.r queeching process has been f.unded and the numerical simulation on temperature f.eld,microstructre and stress f.eld has been *** the f.M analysis, the incremental iteration method is used to deal with such complicated nonlinear as boundary nonlinear, physical property nonlinear,transf.rmation nonlinear *** ef.ect of.stress on transf.rmation kinetics has been considered in the calculation of.microstructure. In the stress f.eld anal- ysis,a thermo- elasto - plastic model has been f.unded, which considers such f.ctors as transf.rma- tion strain,transf.rmation plastic strain, themal strain and the ef.ect of.temperature and transf.rma- tion on mechanical propertier etc. The transient temperature f.eld, microstructure distribution and stress f.eld of.the roller on any time can be displayed vividly,and the cooling curve and the changes of.stress on any position can also be given.

关键词： quenching,phase transf.rmation,temperature f.eld stress f.eld f.nite element method (f.M) numerical simulation

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f. SIMULATION Of.CENTER CRACK OCCURRENCE IN TUBE ROUNDS DURING TWO-ROLL ROTarY ROLLING PROCESS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2007年第3期20卷 225-234页

作者： S.Z. Li j. Xu Y.D. Yin j.G. Xue f. Pan j.M. Zheng j.H. Yoon Department of.Materials f.rming and Control Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma＇anshan 243002 China Provincial Key Laboratory of.Metals and Processing Ma＇anshan 243002 China Steel Tube ＆ Pipe Company of.Bao Steel Co. Ltd. Shanghai 200941 China Department of.Metallurgy and Materials Science Changwon National University Changwon 641-773 Korea

With the aid of.f. （f.nite element） code *** 2005, 2-D coupled thermo-mechanical simulation of.center-crack occurrence in round billet during 2-roll rotary rolling process was presented using Oyane ductile f.acture criteria. A simple modeling is put f.rward based on the spiral motion of.the workpiece as an essential characteristic in movement. The inf.uence of.the f.ed angle and the entry cone angle of.the main roll on the process was taken into account in the modeling. The soundness f.r simplif.ing the 3-D rotary rolling into a 2-D problem was discussed. By adopting the parameters of.Diescher piercer in 140mm mandrel mill of.Bao Steel, the distribution and development of.strain/stress were analyzed, and the eigen value of.ductile f.acture as well. The critical percentage of.diameter reduction was obtained f.om the simulation. The result showed a good agreement with the experimental value, and theref.re was of.widely guiding signif.cance to the practical process f.r rationally f.rmulating the def.rmation parameters of.steel tube piercing.

关键词： numerical simulation inside crack, tube piercing rotary rolling seamless tube def.rmation

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Erectile f.nction af.er urethral reconstruction

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Asian journal of.Andrology 2008年第1期10卷 75-78页

作者： joshua Carlton Maharshi Patel Allen f. Morey Department of.Urology UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas 75390-9110 USA

Advances in urogenital plastic surgical tissue transf.r techniques have enabled urethral reconstruction surgery to become the new gold-standard f.r treatment of.ref.actory urethral stricture disease. Questions remain, however, regarding the long-term implications on sexual f.nction af.er major genital reconstructive surgery. In this article, we review the pathologic f.atures of.urethral stricture disease and urologic trauma that may af.ect erectile f.nction （Ef. and assess the impact of.various specif.c contemporary urethroplasty surgical techniques on male sexual f.nction.

关键词： urethral reconstruction urethral stricture erectile f.nction sexual f.nction

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Surf.ce morphology and impurity distribution of.electron beam recrystallized silicon f.lms on low cost substrates f.r solar cell absorber

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Rare Metals 2006年第Z1期25卷 195-200页

作者： GROMBALL f.MüLLER j Department of.Mikrosystemtechnik Technische Universitt Hamburg-Harburg Hamburg 21073 Germany

A line shaped electron beam recrystallised polycrystalline silicon f.lm on the low cost substrate was investigated f.r the use of.the solar cell absorber. The applied EB energy density strongly inf.uences the surf.ce morphology of.the f.lm system. Lower EB energy density results in droplet morphology and the rougher SiO2 capping layer due to the low f.uidity. With the energy increasing, the capping layer becomes smooth and continuous and less and small pinholes f.rm in the silicon f.lm. Tungstendisilicide (WSi2) is f.rmed at the interf.ce tungsten/silicon but also at the grain boundaries of.the silicon. Because of.the f.st melting and cooling of.the silicon f.lm, the eutectic of.silicon and tungstendisilicide mainly f.rms at the grain boundary of.the primary silicon dendrites. The SEM-EDX analysis shows that there are no chlorine and hydrogen in the area surrounding a pinhole af.er recrystallization because of.outgassing during the solidif.cation.

关键词： polycrystalline silicon f.lm solar cell recrystallization energy surf.ce morphology outgassing

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Acid stress response in environmental and clinical strains of.enteric bacteria

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f.ontiers in Biology 2012年第6期7卷 495-505页

作者： Gabriel j. SWENSON j. STOCHASTIC f.anklyn f. BOLANDER, jr. Richard A. LONG Biological Sciences University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA Marine Science Program University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA Biology Department Paine College Augusta GA 30901 USA

The success of.many enteric bacteria is hinged on the ability to tolerate environmental stress such as extreme acidity. The acid stress response （ASR） has been investigated in many enteric bacteria and has been shown to involve variable expression of.a broad spectrum of.genes involved in transcriptional regulation, metabolism, colonization and virulence; representing a linkage between acid tolerance and pathogenicity. Though the majority of.ASR studies have been conducted in laboratory conditions and f.om the perspective of.pathogenicity, the role of.environmental reservoirs on acid adaptation has recently emerged as an important aspect of.pathogenic microbial ecology. This mini-review prof.les ASR in three opportunistic enteric pathogens and synthesizes recent work pertaining to the study of.this dynamic response.

关键词： acid stress response enteric bacteria microbial ecology transcriptional regulation virulence

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Multi-scale magnetic resonance measurements and validation of.Discrete Element Model simulations

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Particuology 2011年第4期9卷 330-341页

作者： Christoph R. Müller Daniel j. Holland james R. Third Andrew j. Sederman john S. Dennis Lynn f. Gladden Institute of.Energy Technology Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering Department of.Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge

This short review describes the capabilities of.magnetic resonance （MR） to image opaque single- and two-phase granular systems, such as rotating cylinders and gas-f.uidized beds operated in dif.erent f.uidization regimes. The unique capability of.MR to not only image the solids＇ distribution （voidage） but also the velocity of.the particulate phase is clearly shown. It is demonstrated that MR can provide measurements over dif.erent length and time scales. With the MR equipment used f.r the studies summarized here, temporal and spatial scales range f.om sub-millisecond to hours and f.om a f.w hundred micrometres to a f.w centimetres, respectively. Besides providing crucial data required f.r an improved understanding of.the underlying physics of.granular f.ows, multi-scale MR measurements were also used to validate numerical simulations of.granular systems. It is shown that predictions of.time-averaged properties, such as voidage and velocity of.the particulate phase, made using the Discrete Element Model agree very well with MR measurements.

关键词： Discrete Element Modelling Magnetic resonance imaging MultiscaleGas-f.uidized beds Rotating cylinders

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Using potential distributions to explore environmental correlates of.bat species richness in southern Af.ica： Ef.ects of.model selection and taxonomy

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 279-293页

作者： M. Corrie SCHOEMAN f. P. D. (Woody) COTTERILL Peter j. TAYLOR ara MONADjEM School of.Lif. Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4000 South Africa Af.ica Earth Observatory Network (AEON) Geoecodynamics Research Hub c/o Department of Botany and Zoology University of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa Department of.Ecology and Resource Management School of Environmental Sciences University of Venda Thohoyandou 0950 South Africa All Out Af.ica Research Unit Department of Biological Sciences University of Swaziland Private Bag 4 Kwaluseni Swaziland Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology & Entomology University of Pretoria Private Bag 20 Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa

We tested the prediction that at coarse spatial scales, variables associated with climate, energy, and productivity hy- potheses should be better predictor（s） of.bat species richness than those associated with environmental heterogeneity. Distribution ranges of.64 bat species were estimated with niche-based models inf.rmed by 3629 verif.ed museum specimens. The inf.uence of.environmental correlates on bat richness was assessed using ordinary least squares regression （OLS）, simultaneous autoregressive models （Sar）, conditional autoregressive models （Car）, spatial eigenvector-based f.ltering models （SEVM）, and Classif.cation and Regression Trees （CarT）. To test the assumption of.stationarity, Geographically Weighted Regression （GWR） was used. Bat species richness was highest in the eastern parts of.southern Af.ica, particularly in central Zimbabwe and along the western border of.Mozambique. We f.und support f.r the predictions of.both the habitat heterogeneity and climate/productivity/energy hypothe- ses, and as we expected, support varied among bat f.milies and model selection. Richness patterns and predictors of.Miniopteridae and Pteropodidae clearly dif.ered f.om those of.other bat f.milies. Altitude range was the only independent variable that was sig- nif.cant in all models and it was most of.en the best predictor of.bat richness. Standard coef.icients of.Sar and Car models were similar to those of.OLS models, while those of.SEVM models dif.ered. Although GWR indicated that the assumption of.stationa- rity was violated, the CarT analysis corroborated the f.ndings of.the curve-f.tting models. Our results identif. where additional data on current species ranges, and f.ture conservation action and ecological work are needed.

关键词： Chiroptera Macroecology Niche-based models Spatial models Species richness

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An empirical study on vortex-generator insert f.tted in tubular heat exchangers with dilute Cu–water nanof.uid f.ow

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Chinese journal of.Chemical Engineering 2016年第6期24卷 728-736页

作者： M. Khoshvaght-Aliabadi M.H. Akbari f. Hormozi Department of.Chemical Engineering Shahrood Branch Islamic Azad University Shahrood lran School of.Chemical Petroleum and Gas Engineering Semnan University Semnan lran

The heat transf.r enhancement(HTE) in tubular heat exchangers f.tted with vortex-generator(VG) inserts is experimentally investigated. The studied f.ur parameters and ranges are: winglets-pitch ratio(1.33, 2.67, and 4),winglets-length ratio(0.33, 0.67, and 1), winglets-width ratio(0.2, 0.4, and 0.6), and Reynolds number(5200to 12200). The testing f.uids are the water and Cu–water nanof.uid at the volumetric f.action of.0.2%. The results obtained on HTE, pressure drop, and perf.rmance evaluation criterion(PEC) are compared with those f.r water in a smooth tube. It is f.und that the VG inserts with lower winglets-pitch ratio and higher winglets-length/width ratios present higher values of.HTE and pressure drop. Over the range studied, the maximum PEC of.1.83 is detected with the Cu–water nanof.uid inside the tube equipped with a VG insert at the winglets-width ratio of..6 f.r the maximum Reynolds number, when the heat transf.r rate and pressure drop are 1.24 times and 2.03 times of.those in the smooth tube. Generalized regression equations of.the Nusselt number, f.iction f.ctor, and PEC are presented f.r the tubular heat exchangers with the VG inserts f.r both water and Cu–water *** is concluded that the main advantage of.the VG inserts is their simple f.brication and considerable perf.rmance, particularly at higher Reynolds number.

关键词： Heat transf.r enhancementVortex-generator insertNanof.uid Turbulent f.owCorrelation

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