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Review on hepatic explant pathology of pediatric intestinal transplant recipients:Is it time for an oil change?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第17期21卷 5115-5118页

作者： Essam Imseis j marc rhoads Department of Pediatrics Divisions of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Texas Medical School at HoustonHoustonTX 77030United States

A recent study attempts to add to the body of evidence that is emerging regarding the fish oil parenteral lipid product *** authors have shown from explant livers of children on chronic parenteral nutrition with OmegavenTM that biochemical improvement in cholestasis does not always reflect improvement in liver *** findings support 2 small case series that were previously *** improvement and resolution of hyperbilirubinemia in all six infants,five of six infants had persistent or progressive hepatic fibrosis,while only one infant had regression of *** study raises questions of whether there is a window of opportunity for efficacy of this preparation;also,an important question is if this omega-3 fatty acid-rich preparation is superior to newer "blended lipids" containing olive,coconut,soy,and fish oil.

关键词： Intralipid Omegaven Parenteral nutrition Short bowel syndrome Omega-3 fatty acid

Bovine immunoglobulin protein isolates for the nutritional management of enteropathy

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11713-11726页

作者： Bryon W Petschow Anthony T Blikslager Eric M Weaver joy M Campbell javier Polo Audrey L Shaw Bruce P Burnett Gerald L Klein j marc rhoads Entera Health Inc. NC 27518 United States College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 United States APC Inc. Ankeny IA 50021 United States APC Europe S.A. Barcelona E-08403 Spain University of Texas Health Sciences Center Houston TX 77030 United States

The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for a multitude of digestive and immune functions which depend upon the balanced interaction of the intestinal microbiota, diet, gut barrier function, and mucosal immune response. Disruptions in one or more of these factors can lead to intestinal disorders or enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation, increased gut permeability, and reduced capacity to absorb nutrients. Enteropathy is frequently associated with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune enteropathy, radiation enteritis, and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), where pathologic changes in the intestinal tract lead to abdominal discomfort, bloating, abnormal bowel function(e.g., diarrhea, urgency, constipation and malabsorption). Unfortunately, effective therapies for the management ofenteropathy and restoring intestinal health are still not available. An accumulating body of preclinical studies has demonstrated that oral administration of plasmaor serum-derived protein concentrates containing high levels of immunoglobulins can improve weight, normalize gut barrier function, and reduce the severity of enteropathy in animal models. Recent studies in humans, using serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate, demonstrate that such protein preparations are safe and improve symptoms, nutritional status, and various biomarkers associated with enteropathy. Benefits have been shown in patients with HIV infection or diarrhea-predominant IBS. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies with plasma/serum protein concentrates and describes the effects on host nutrition, intestinal function, and markers of intestinal inflammation. It supports the concept that immunoglobulin-containing protein preparations may offer a new strategy for restoring functional homeostasis in the intestinal tract of patients with enteropathy.

关键词： Immunoglobulins Plasma proteins Inflammation Gut barrier Diarrhea Malabsorption Treatment Nutrition

谷氨酰胺、精氨酸和亮氨酸在肠道中的信号传导(一)

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饲料与畜牧（新饲料） 2011年第9期 13-16页

作者： j.marc rhoads Guoyao Wu 邓会玲中国农业科学院饲料研究所

动植物蛋白中谷氨酰胺和亮氨酸含量丰富且较稳定,而食物和动物体液中精氨酸含量差异较大。除在蛋白质合成中起作用外,这三种氨基酸可独自激活信号传导通路以促进蛋白质的合成,并可能抑制肠上皮细胞自噬介导的蛋白质降解。此外,谷氨酰胺... 详细信息

动植物蛋白中谷氨酰胺和亮氨酸含量丰富且较稳定,而食物和动物体液中精氨酸含量差异较大。除在蛋白质合成中起作用外,这三种氨基酸可独自激活信号传导通路以促进蛋白质的合成,并可能抑制肠上皮细胞自噬介导的蛋白质降解。此外,谷氨酰胺和精氨酸可分别激活有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶通路和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)/p70(s6)激酶通路,从而加强粘膜细胞的迁移和修复。利用一氧化氮依赖型cGMP的信号级联,精氨酸可调节肠道多种生理活动,这有利于细胞的生存和维持动态平衡。动物体内外试验显示,谷氨酰胺和精氨酸可促进细胞增殖,并可针对养分损失、氧化损伤、应激和免疫应激来发挥不同的细胞保护作用。此外,一氧化氮存在时亮氨酸可加强肠道细胞的迁移。因此,通过细胞信号传导机制,精氨酸、谷氨酰胺和亮氨酸在肠道的生长发育和功能完善过程中发挥了关键作用。

关键词：氨基酸细胞信号传导肠道营养

谷氨酰胺、精氨酸和亮氨酸在肠道中的信号传导(二)

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饲料与畜牧（新饲料） 2011年第10期 18-21页

作者： j. marc rhoads Guoyao Wu 邓会玲（译者）刘宁（校者）刘国华（校者）不详中国农业科学院饲料研究所

2.5Gln对紧密接头的稳定是必需的小肠单层细胞研究解释了Gln的丧失和补充影响肠上皮承受损伤能力的机制。Li等（2004）证明在Caco-2细胞单层（暴露在Gln合成酶抑制剂-蛋氨酸磺酸盐）上Gln丧失引起紧密连接（紧密连接包括claudin-1和封... 详细信息

2.5Gln对紧密接头的稳定是必需的小肠单层细胞研究解释了Gln的丧失和补充影响肠上皮承受损伤能力的机制。Li等（2004）证明在Caco-2细胞单层（暴露在Gln合成酶抑制剂-蛋氨酸磺酸盐）上Gln丧失引起紧密连接（紧密连接包括claudin-1和封闭小带-1）中隔膜成分的溶解。此外,

关键词：谷氨酰胺信号传导 Caco-2细胞亮氨酸精氨酸肠道紧密连接 Gln

Hypoallergenic formula with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GGfor babies with colic:A pilot study of recruitment,retention,and fecal biomarkers

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2016年第1期7卷 160-170页

作者： Nicole Y Fatheree Yuying Liu Michael Ferris Melissa Van Arsdall Valarie McMurtry marcela Zozaya Chunyan Cai Mohammad H Rahbar Manouchehr Hessabi Ta Vu Christine Wong juleen Min Dat Q Tran Fernando Navarro Wallace Gleason Sara Gonzalez j marc rhoads Department of Pediatrics the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical SchoolHoustonTX 77030United States Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design Core Center for Clinical and Translational Sciencesthe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTX 77030United States Division of Epidemiology Human Genetics and Environmental Sciencesthe University of Texas School of Public Health at HoustonHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Pediatrics Louisiana State University Health Science Center and the Research Institute for ChildrenNew OrleansLA 70112United States Investigational Drug Services Pharmacy Memorial Hermann HospitalHoustonTX 77030United States

AIM: To investigate recruitment, retention, and estimates for effects of formula supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG) on inflammatory biomarkers and fecal microbial community in infants with colic. METHODS: A prospective, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial was conducted in otherwise healthy infants with colic. We screened 74 infants and randomized and analyzed results in 20 infants [9 receiving LGG(LGG+) and 11 not receiving LGG(LGG-)]. LGG was incorporated in the formula(Nutramigen~®)(minimum of 3 × 107 CFU/d) in the LGG+ group. Fecal microbiota and inflammatory biomarkers, including fecal calprotectin(FC), plasma cytokines, circulating regulatory T cells(Tregs), and crying + fussing time were analyzed to determine optimal time points and effect sizes for a larger trial. RESULTS: Recruitment in this population was slow, with about 66% of eligible infants willing to enroll; subject retention was better(75%). These rates were influenced by parents' reluctance to volunteer their infant for a clinical trial and by their tendency to change formulas. The maximal difference of crying + fussing time was observed at day 14, comparing the 2 groups, with a mean difference of-91(95%CI:-76, 259) min(P = NS). FC showed no significant difference, but the optimal time to determine a potential effect was at day 90 [with a mean difference of 121(95%CI:-48, 291) μg/g stool], observing a lower level of FC in the LGG+ group. The fecal microbial communities were chaotic, as determined by Shannon's diversity index and not apparently influenced by the probiotic. No significant change was observed in plasma inflammatory cytokines or Tregs, comparing LGG+ to LGG- groups. CONCLUSION: Designing future colic trials involving a probiotic-supplemented formula for infants in the United States will require consideration for difficult enrollment. Infants with colic have major variations in feal microbiota and calprotectin, both of which improve with time, with optimal time p

关键词： Barr diary Regulatory T cells Cytokines Crying Fussing Probiotic Inflammation Biomarker Newborn Intestine

Can probiotics benefit children with autism spectrum disorders?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第46期22卷 10093-10102页

作者： fernando Navarro Yuying Liu jon marc rhoads Department of Pediatrics Division of Gastroenterology the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Mc Govern Medical School

Children with autism are commonly affected by gastrointestinal problems such as abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhea. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of probiotics in this population, as it hypothetically may help to improve bowel habits and the behavioral and social functioning of these individuals. The gut microbiome plays an important role in the pathophysiology of organic as well as functional gastrointestinal disorders. Microbial modification with the use of antibiotics, probiotics, and fecal transplantation have been effective in the treatment of conditions such as recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, pouchitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. The present review presents a number of reported clinical, immunological and microbiomerelated changes seen in children with autism compared to normally developed children. It also discusses gut inflammation, permeability concerns, and absorption abnormalities that may contribute to these problems. Most importantly, it discusses evidence, from human and animal studies, of a potential role of probiotics in the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism.

关键词： Microbiome gastrointestinal Inflammation functional bowel disease probiotics autism

PacBio Sequencing and Its Applications

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2015年第5期13卷 278-289页

作者： Anthony rhoads Kin Fai Au Department of Biostatistics University of Iowa Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa

Single-molecule, real-time sequencing developed by Pacific BioSciences offers longer read lengths than the second-generation sequencing （SGS） technologies, making it well-suited for unsolved problems in genome, transcriptome, and epigenetics research. The highly-contiguous de novo assemblies using PacBio sequencing can close gaps in current reference assemblies and characterize structural variation （SV） in personal genomes. With longer reads, we can sequence through extended repetitive regions and detect mutations, many of which are associated with dis- eases. Moreover, PacBio transcriptome sequencing is advantageous for the identification of gene isoforms and facilitates reliable discoveries of novel genes and novel isoforms of annotated genes, due to its ability to sequence full-length transcripts or fragments with significant lengths. Addition- ally, PacBio＇s sequencing technique provides information that is useful for the direct detection of base modifications, such as methylation. In addition to using PacBio sequencing alone, many hybrid sequencing strategies have been developed to make use of more accurate short reads in conjunction with PacBio long reads. In general, hybrid sequencing strategies are more affordable and scalable especially for small-size laboratories than using PacBio Sequencing alone. The advent of PacBio sequencing has made available much information that could not be obtained via SGS alone.

关键词： Third-generation sequencing De novo assembly Gene isoform detection Methylation Hybrid sequencing

＂LOCK＂ing up allergic responses with a Polish probiotic

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第2期13卷 263-264页

作者： Yuying Liu marc rhoads Department of Pediatrics Division of Gastroen-terology The University of Texas Health ScienceCenter at Houston Medical School HoustonTexas 77030 USA

Three relatively new lactobacillus species that were developed from fecal samples of a 26-year-old woman （LOCK0900）, a 6-year-old girl （LOCK 0908）, and a 5-year-old boy （LOCK 0919） have been studied by Kozakova ... 详细信息

关键词：内皮缩血管肽类乳杆菌属有益菌种

Solving the Dyson-Schwinger equation around its first singularities in the Borel plane

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Frontiers of physics 2016年第6期11卷 25-30页

作者： Clavier, Pierre j. Bellon, marc P. Sorbonne Universites UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR 7589 LPTHE Paris France (GRID:grid.5805.8) (ISNI:***) CNRS UMR 7589 LPTHE Paris France (GRID:grid.4444.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2112 9282)

The Dyson-Schwinger equation of the massless Wess-Zumino model is written as an equation over the anomalous dimension of the theory. Its asymptotic behavior is derived and the procedure to compute the perturbations of this asymptotic behavior is detailed. This procedure uses ill-defined objects. To solve this, the Dyson-Schwinger equation is rewritten for the Borel plane. It is shown that the ill- defined procedure in the physical plane can be applied in the Borel plane. Other results obtained in the Borel plane are stated and the proof for one result is described.

关键词： Dyson-Schwinger equation Wess-Zumino model Borel transform