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Recent weakening of seasonal temperature difference in East Asia beyond the historical range of variability since the 14th century

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第5期66卷 1133-1146页

作者： jianglin WANG Bao YANG Zhiyuan WANG jürg LuTERBACHER Fredrik Charpentier LjuNGQVIST Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China College of Geography and Environmental Science Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China Science and Innovation Department World Meteorological Organization(WMO)Geneva1211Switzerland Department of History Stockholm UniversityStockholm10691Sweden Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm UniversityStockholm10691Sweden Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study LinneanumThunbergsvägen 2Uppsala75238Sweden

Seasonal differences of temperature are crucial components of the Earth's climate ***,the relatively short observational record,especially for East Asia,has limited progress in understanding seasonal *** this study,we identify ten tree-ring chronologies separately correlated with local winter(December-February)temperatures and twelve different tree-ring chronologies separately correlated with summer(june-August)temperatures across East *** these discrete seasonal tree-ring chronologies,we develop two independent winter and summer temperature reconstructions covering the period 1376-1995 CE for East Asia,and compare them with model *** reconstructions show a more significant volcanic cooling and earlier onset of modern warming in summer than in *** reconstructed summer-minus-winter temperature decreased since as early as the late 19th century,which has driven the current state of seasonal temperature difference to out of the natural variability since the *** models could generally reproduce the variability and trends in seasonal reconstructions,but might largely underestimate seasonal differences due to the fact that seasonal expressions on external forcing and modes of internal variability are too *** study highlights the importance of using proxy-based seasonal reconstructions to evaluate the performance of climate models,and implies a substantial weakening of seasonal temperature differences in the future.

关键词： Seasonal temperature differences Temperature reconstruction East Asia Tree rings Recent warming

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Plant responses to simulated warming and drought:a comparative study of functional plasticity between congeneric mid and high elevation species

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journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第3期11卷 364-374页

作者： Elena Hamann Halil Kesselring jürg Stöcklin Botanical Institute Department of Environmental SciencesSection Plant EcologyUniversity of BaselSchönbeinstrasse 64056 BaselSwitzerland

Aims Effects of climate change,especially changes in temperatures and precipitation patterns,are particularly pronounced in alpine *** response,plants may exhibit phenotypic plasticity in key functional traits allowing short-term adjustment to novel ***,little is known about the degree of pheno-typic plasticity of high elevation species relative to mid elevation *** We transplanted 14 herbaceous perennial species from high eleva-tion into two common gardens(1050 and 2000 m.a.s.l.)in the Swiss Alps,and we examined plastic responses in key functional traits to changes in temperature and soil water *** design was replicated with 14 congeneric species from mid elevation to assess if the degree of phenotypic plasticity differs between mid and high elevation *** was assessed across two growing seasons,while aboveground biomass and specific leaf area(SLA)were measured after the first growing season,and biomass alloca-tion to belowground and reproductive structures after the ***,a phenotypic plasticity index was calculated for the func-tional traits to compare the degree of plasticity between mid and high elevation *** Findings Aboveground biomass was higher in mid elevation species relative to high elevation congeners in all treatments,yet decreased for both with elevation and ***,SLA decreased with elevation and *** mass fraction(RMF)was generally higher in high ele-vation species,and decreased with drought at the lower *** increased the allocation to reproductive structures,especially when plants were grown at their elevation of ***,no differ-ence was found in the degree of phenotypic plasticity averaged across mid and high elevation species for any of the studied functional *** results indicate that phenotypic plasticity in the focal traits did not depend on the elevation of origin of the *** was not related to

关键词： biomass allocation common garden climate change perennial herbaceous species phenotypic plasticity SLA Swiss Alps transplant experiment

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Device-assisted enteroscopy: A review of available techniques and upcoming new technologies

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第27期25卷 3538-3545页

作者： Markus Schneider jörg Höllerich Torsten Beyna Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf

The advent of video capsule endoscopy into clinical routine more than 15 years ago led to a substantial change in the diagnostic approach to patients with suspected small bowel diseases, often indicating a deep enteroscopy procedure for diagnostical confirmation or endoscopic treatment. Device assisted enteroscopy was developed in 2001 and for the first time established a practicable, safe and effective method for evaluation of the small *** with double-balloon enteroscopy, single-balloon enteroscopy and spiral enteroscopy three different platforms are available in clinical ***, double-balloon enteroscopy seems to offer the deepest insertion depth to the small bowel going hand in hand with the disadvantage of a longer procedural duration. Manual spiral enteroscopy seems to be a faster procedure but without reaching the depth of the DBE in currently available data. Finally,single-balloon enteroscopy seems to be the least complicated procedure to perform. Despite substantial improvements in the field of direct enteroscopy,even nowadays deep endoscopic access to the small bowel with all available methods is still a complex procedure, cumbersome and time-consuming and requires high endoscopic skills. This review will give an overview of the currently available techniques and will further discuss the role of the upcoming new technology of the motorized spiral enteroscopy(PowerSpiral).

关键词： Small bowel disease Capsule endoscopy Enteroscopy PowerSpiral enteroscopy Endoscopy

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Elevated plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in patients with chronic hepatitis C during interferon-based antiviral therapy

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第36期12卷 5875-5877页

作者： jrg Bojunga Christoph Sarrazin Georg Hess Stefan Zeuzem Internal Medicine Ⅱ Saarland University Hospital 66421 Homburg/Saar Germany Roche Diagnostics 68305 Mannheim Germany

AIM: To investigate plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), an established marker of cardiac function, in patients with chronic hepatitis C during interferon-based antiviral therapy. METHODS: using a sandwich immunoassay, plasma levels of NT-proBNP were determined in 48 patients with chronic hepatitis C at baseline, wk 24 and 48 during antiviral therapy and at wk 72 during ***: Plasma NT-proBNP concentrations were significantly increased (P ues. NT-proBNP concentrations at baseline and wk 24 were closely correlated (r = 0.8; P uction therapy. In multiple regression analysis, NT-proBNP was not related to other clinical parameters, biochemical parameters of liver disease or virus load and response to ***: Elevated levels of NT-proBNP during and after interferon-based antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C may indicate the presence of cardiac dysfunction, which may contribute to the clinical symptoms observed in patients during therapy. Plasma levels of NT-proBNP may be used as a diagnostic tool and for guiding therapy in patients during interferon-based antiviral therapy.

关键词： Hepatitis C N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide Interferon Cardiomyopathy Treatment side effects

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Impact of lattice relaxations on phase transitions in a high-entropy alloy studied by machine-learning potentials

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 670-676页

作者： Tatiana Kostiuchenko Fritz Körmann jörg Neugebauer Alexander Shapeev Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation CenterNobel St.3Moscow 143026Russia Computational Materials Design Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH40237 DüsseldorfGermany Materials Science and Engineering Delft University of Technology2628 CD DelftThe Netherlands

Recently,high-entropy alloys(HEAs)have attracted wide attention due to their extraordinary materials properties.A main challenge in identifying new HEAs is the lack of efficient approaches for exploring their huge compositional *** initio calculations have emerged as a powerful approach that complements ***,for multicomponent alloys existing approaches suffer from the chemical complexity *** this work we propose a method for studying HEAs *** approach is based on the application of machine-learning potentials based on ab initio data in combination with Monte Carlo *** high efficiency and performance of the approach are demonstrated on the prototype bcc NbMoTaW *** approach is employed to study phase stability,phase transitions,and chemical short-range *** importance of including local relaxation effects is revealed:they significantly stabilize single-phase formation of bcc NbMoTaW down to room ***,a so-far unknown mechanism that drives chemical order due to atomic relaxation at ambient temperatures is discovered.

关键词： alloy relaxation entropy

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Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of new diphenyl ether derivatives as serotonin transporter ligands

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Science China Chemistry 2008年第5期51卷 457-463页

作者： DEuTHER-CONRAD Winnie BRuST Peter STEINBACH jrg VERCOuILLIE johnny Institute of Interdisciplinary Isotope Research

For the development of new ligands as potential imaging agents for the serotonin transporter (SERT),a series of diphenyl ether derivatives have been synthesized,characterized,and evaluated for their in vitro binding affinities to the SERT. Among the above compounds,2-(2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-bromobenzenamine (15) and 2-(2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-fluorophenoxy)-5-iodobenzene amine (16) show high binding affinities for the SERT with Ki values of 0.28 and 0.20 nmol·L-1,respectively. They can be further labeled with carbon-11,fluorine-18,iodine-123 or bromine-76,and evaluated as useful imaging agents for the SERT. Moreover,the study of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) provides some useful information for the future design of new ligands.

关键词： serotonin transporter diphenyl ether imaging agents in vitro evaluation

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Applying Methods from Differential Geometry to Devise Stable and Persistent Air Layers Attached to Objects Immersed in Water

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journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第4期6卷 350-356页

作者： Wilfried Konrad Christian Apeltauer jrg Frauendiener Wilhelm Barthlott Anita Roth-Nebelsick Institute for Geosciences University of Tubingen D-72016 Tubingen Germany Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Otago Dunedin 9054 New Zealand Centre of Mathematics for Applications University of Oslo NO-0317 Oslo Norway Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants University of Bonn D-53115 Bonn Germany State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart Rosenstein 1 D-70191 Stuttgart Germany

We describe a few mathematical tools which allow to investigate whether air-water interfaces exist(under prescribed conditions)and are mechanically stable and temporally *** terms of physics,air-water interfaces are governed by the Young-Laplace *** they are surfaces of constant mean curvature which represent solutions of a nonlinear elliptic partial differential *** explicit solutions of this equation can be obtained only in very special cases,it is -under moderately special circumstances-possible to establish the existence of a solution without actually solving the differential *** also derive criteria for mechanical stability and temporal persistence of an air *** we calculate the lifetime of a non-persistent air ***,we apply these tools to two examples which exhibit the symmetries of 2D *** examples can be viewed as abstractions of the biological model represented by the aquatic fern Salvinia.

关键词： interfaces air layers differential geometry stability persistence Salvinia

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Chemically induced local lattice distortions versus structural phase transformations in compositionally complex alloys

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 312-319页

作者： Yuji Ikeda Konstantin Gubaev jörg Neugebauer Blazej Grabowski Fritz Körmann Institute for Materials Science University of StuttgartStuttgartGermany Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH DüsseldorfGermany Department of Materials Science and Engineering Delft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands

Recent experiments show that the chemical composition of body-centered cubic(bcc)refractory high entropy alloys(HEAs)can be tuned to enable transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP),which significantly improves the ductility of these *** calls for an accurate and efficient method to map the structural stability as a function of composition.A key challenge for atomistic simulations is to separate the structural transformation between the bcc and theωphases from the intrinsic local lattice distortions in such chemically disordered *** solve this issue,we develop a method that utilizes a symmetry analysis to detect differences in the crystal *** this method in combination with ab initio calculations,we demonstrate that local lattice distortions largely affect the phase stability of Ti–Zr–Hf–Ta and Ti–Zr–Nb–Hf–Ta *** relaxation effects are properly taken into account,the predicted compositions near the bcc–hcp energetic equilibrium are close to the experimental compositions,for which good strength and ductility due to the TRIP effect are observed.

关键词： alloys ductility distortion

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Theoretical and experimental investigations on an X-shaped vibration isolator with active controlled variable stiffness

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第8期45卷 1371-1386页

作者： Zeyu CHAI j.T.HAN Xuyuan SONG jian ZANG Yewei ZHANG Zhen ZHANG College of Aerospace Engineering Shenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyang 110136China jacobs School of Engineering University of California San DiegoSan Diego CA 92122U.S.A. Key Laboratory of Vibration and Control of Aero-Propulsion System Ministry of EducationNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

A novel X-shaped variable stiffness vibration isolator(X-VSVI)is *** Runge-Kutta method,harmonic balance method,and wavelet transform spectra are introduced to evaluate the performance of the X-VSVI under various *** layer number,the installation angle of the X-shaped structure,the stiffness,and the active control parameters are systematically *** addition,a prototype of the X-VSVI is manufactured,and vibration tests are carried *** results show that the proposed X-VSVI has a superior adaptability to that of a traditional X-shaped mechanism,and shows excellent vibration isolation performance in response to different amplitudes and forms of ***,the vibration isolation efficiency of the device can be improved by appropriate adjustment of parameters.

关键词： bionic vibration isolation X-shaped structure variable stiffness structure nonlinear dynamics prototype experiment

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Effects of different organic fertilizers on nitrous oxide and methane emissions from double-cropping rice fields

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 52-62页

作者： Mingcheng Hu Andrew j.WADE Weishou SHEN Zhenfang ZHONG Chongwen QIu Xiangui LIN jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of ReadingReading RG66 DWUK Haina Research Institute of Guangdong Haina Agricultural Co. Ltd.Huizhou 516000China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Rice fields are a major source of greenhouse gases,such as nitrous oxide (N_(2)O) and methane (CH_(4)).Organic fertilizers may potentially replace inorganic fertilizers to meet the nitrogen requirement for rice growth;however,the simultaneous effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O and CH_(4)emissions and crop yield in paddy fields remain poorly understood and *** this study,experimental plots were established in conventional double-cropping paddy fields in the Pearl River Delta,China,including an unfertilized control and five fertilizer treatments with fresh organic fertilizer (FOF),successively composted organic fertilizer (SOF),chemically composted organic fertilizer (COF),COF supplemented with inorganic fertilizer (COIF),and chemical fertilizers (CFs)(TFOF,TSOF,TCOF,TCOIF,and TCF,respectively).Paddy field soils behaved simultaneously as an N_(2)O sink (cumulative N_(2)O emission:-196 to-381 g N ha^(-1)) and as a CH_(4)source (cumulative CH_(4)emission:719 to 2 178 kg ha^(-1)).Compared to CFs,the effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O emission were not *** contrast,total annual CH_(4)emission increased by 157%,132%,125%,and 37%in TFOF,TCOF,TSOF,and TCOIF,respectively,compared to *** TCOIF,rice yield was maintained,while CH_(4)emission was not significantly increased from the paddy fields characterized by a prolonged flood *** important next step is to extend these field-based measurements to larger rice cultivation areas to quantify the regional and national-scale impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and to help determine the optimum practice for fertilizer use.

关键词： crop production global warming potential greenhouse gases manure paddy sustainable agriculture

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