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Mathematical Modeling of the Co-Infection Dynamics of HIV and Tuberculosis Incorporating Inconsistency in HIV Treatment

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第5期12卷 1744-1768页

作者： Sr Mary Nyambura Mwangi Virginia M. Kitetu isaac O. Okwany Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science Catholic University of Eastern Africa Nairobi Kenya

A non-linear HIV-TB co-infection has been formulated and analyzed. The positivity and invariant region has been established. The disease free equilibrium and its stability has been determined. The local stability was determined and found to be stable under given conditions. The basic reproduction number was obtained and according to findings, co-infection diminishes when this number is less than unity, and persists when the number is greater than unity. The global stability of the endemic equilibrium was calculated. The impact of HIV on TB was established as well as the impact of TB on HIV. Numerical solution was also done and the findings indicate that when the rate of HIV treatment increases the latent TB increases while the co-infected population decreases. When the rate of HIV treatment decreases the latent TB population decreases and the co-infected population increases. encouraging communities to prioritize the consistent treatment of HIV infected individuals must be emphasized in order to reduce the scourge of HIV-TB co-infection.

关键词： Co-Infection Modeling HIV-TB Co-Infection Mathematical Modeling Reproduction Number Inconsistent Treatment

Prevalence of Drug Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Immunocompromised Diabetic Patients Attending Selected Health Facilities in Benue State

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 77-91页

作者： isaac Ilesanma Adeoti Grace Mwuese Gberikon Innocent Okonkwo Ogbonna Tersagh Smart Ichor Department of Microbiology College of Biological Sciences Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi Nigeria

Escherichia coli is the commonest bacterial uropathogen of UTIs, the commonest infections in immunocompromised diabetic patients. Better understanding of their main resistance mechanisms to commonly used antibacterial agents will help to reduce the burden of this infection. The prevalence of drug resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from immunocompromised diabetic patients attending selected health facilities in Benue State was investigated. Two hundred and ninety-six midstream urine samples were collected for both study and control diabetic patients. Bacterial isolation was done using semi-quantitative method. Drug resistant Escherichia coli were identified as multidrug resistant (MDR), extensive drug resistant (XDR) and pan-drug resistant organisms (PDR). Statistical significance was considered at p E. coli isolates from the study and control subjects with overall prevalence of 20.9% and 8.4% respectively. The isolates were highly resistant to penicillin (ampicillin), monobactam (aztreonam), older quinolone (nalidixic acid) whereas the majority of them showed high susceptibility to aminoglycoside (streptomycin), cephalosporin (cefotaxime) and carbapenem (imipenem). None showed complete susceptibility to all the tested antibiotics. Twenty-five E. coli were identified in this MDR, eight, XDR while 5 were PDR. High numbers of drug resistant E. coli isolates were identified in the study group of which 25 were MDR, 8 XDR while 5 were PDR isolates. High prevalence of UTI and drug resistant isolates occur in diabetic patients with hyperglycemic condition.

关键词： Urinary Tract Infection Immunocompromised Diabetic Mellitus Antibiotic Resistance Escherichia coli

Mathematical Modeling of HIV Investigating the Effect of Inconsistent Treatment

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第4期12卷 1063-1078页

作者： Sr Mary Nyambura Mwangi Virginia M. Kitetu isaac O. Okwany Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science Catholic University of Eastern Africa Nairobi Kenya

HIV is a retrovirus that infects and impairs the cells and functions of the immune system. It has caused a great challenge to global public health systems and leads to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), if not attended to in good time. Antiretroviral therapy is used for managing the virus in a patient’s lifetime. Some of the symptoms of the disease include lean body mass and many opportunistic infections. This study has developed a SIAT mathematical model to investigate the impact of inconsistency in treatment of the disease. The arising non-linear differential equations have been obtained and analyzed. The DFE and its stability have been obtained and the study found that it is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. The endemic equilibrium has been obtained and found to be globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is greater than unity. Numerical solutions have been obtained and analyzed to give the trends in the spread dynamics. The inconsistency in treatment uptake has been analyzed through the numerical solutions. The study found that when the treatment rate of those infected increases, it leads to an increase in treatment population, which slows down the spread of HIV and vice versa. An increase in the rate of treatment of those with AIDS leads to a decrease in the AIDS population, the reverse happens when this rate decreases. The study recommends that the community involvement in advocating for consistent treatment of HIV to curb the spread of the disease.

关键词： HIV Modeling Mathematical Modeling Reproduction Number Inconsistent Treatment

Trans-Frame Aortic Regurgitation of New-Generation Aortic Bioprosthesis

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2024年第4期14卷 41-44页

作者： Michael Timothy Simpson Kasmir Ramo Vinayak Bapat Andrea Miltiades isaac George Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery New York-Presbyterian Hospital Columbia University Medical Center New York USA Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia New York-Presbyterian Hospital Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York USA Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Abbott Northwestern Hospital Minneapolis Heart Institute Minneapolis USA

A widely used aortic valve bioprosthesis is susceptible to regurgitation between the sewing ring and the frame of the valve due to its relatively thin fabric coverage. In some cases this leak has been shown to resolve with administration of protamine, however, tension on this area from annular sutures placed in an asymmetric bicuspid valve annulus may exacerbate the defect.

关键词： Aortic Valve Replacement Bicuspid Aortic Valve Paravalvular Leak

Petrology of Spinel-Lherzolite Xenoliths from Mazéléand Others Northen Xenoliths Localities of Cameroon Volcanic Line: Exchange Reactions and Equilibrium State

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第5期14卷 629-653页

作者： Nguihdama Dagwai Kamgang Pierre Mbowou Gbambié isaac Bertrand Chazot Gilles Ngounouno Ismaïla Department of Life and Earth Sciences Higher Teachers&#8217 Training College University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Yaound&#233 1 Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Mineral Prospecting and Exploration Technologies School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere Meiganga Cameroon Ocean Geosciences Laboratory European University Institute of the Sea (IUEM) Brest France

The alkaline volcanism of the Cameroon Volcanic Line in its northern domain has raised many fresh enclaves of peridotites. The samples selected come from five (05) different localities (Liri, in the plateau of Kapsiki, Mazélé in the NE of Ngaoundéré, Tello and Ganguiré in the SE of Ngaoundéré and Likok, locality located in the west of Ngaoundé). The peridotite enclaves of the above localities show restricted mineralogical variation. Most are four-phase spinel-lherzolites, indicating that this is the main lithology that forms the lithospheric mantle below the shallow zone. No traces of garnet or primary plagioclase were detected, which strongly limits the depth range from which the rock fragments were sampled. The textures and the wide equilibrium temperatures (884˚C - 1115˚C) indicate also entrainment of lherzolite xenoliths from shallow depths within the lithosphere and the presence of mantle diapirism. The exchange reactions and equilibrium state established in this work make it possible to characterize the chemical composition of the upper mantle of each region and test the equilibrium state of the phases between them. Variations of major oxides and incompatible elemental concentrations in clinopyroxene indicate a primary control by partial melting. The absence of typical “metasomatic” minerals, low equilibration temperatures and enriched LREE patterns indicate that the upper mantle below septentrional crust of Cameroun underwent an event of cryptic metasomatic enrichment prior to partial melting. The distinctive chemical features, LREE enrichment, strong U, Ce and Pr, depletion relative to Ba, Nb, La, Pb, and T, fractionation of Zr and Hf and therefore ligh high Zr/Hf ratio, low La/Yb, Nb/La and Ti/Eu are all results of interaction of refractory peridotite residues with carbonatite melts.

关键词： Xenoliths Upper Mantle Northern Region Adamawa Cameroon Volcanic Line Exchange Reaction

间隙水交换重塑区域和全球盐沼的碳和温室气体收支

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第7期54卷 2227-2242页

作者：陈小刚 isaac R.SANTOS 詹泸成邱渝茵张龑李凌西湖大学工学院浙江省海岸带环境与资源研究重点实验室杭州310024 Department of Marine Sciences University of GothenburgGothenburg 41319Sweden 河海大学水利水电学院南京210024

盐沼是一种富含碳的生态系统,通过有效地固定大气中的CO_(2),在气候调节中发挥着重要的作用.然而,气候变化对盐沼造成了严重威胁,可能会影响盐沼的碳汇过程.在此背景下,间隙水交换(PEX)碳排放作为一项重要但一直被忽视的碳循环过程应受... 详细信息

盐沼是一种富含碳的生态系统,通过有效地固定大气中的CO_(2),在气候调节中发挥着重要的作用.然而,气候变化对盐沼造成了严重威胁,可能会影响盐沼的碳汇过程.在此背景下,间隙水交换(PEX)碳排放作为一项重要但一直被忽视的碳循环过程应受到重视.本文系统评估了盐沼中碳和温室气体排放的驱动因素,揭示了PEX作为主要过程对碳和温室气体动态变化的调控作用.通过综合分析全球33个盐沼PEX案例后发现,全球盐沼PEX碳通量约占全球盐沼初级生产力的48%,超过全球盐沼有机碳埋藏量的2.2倍.这一发现突显了PEX在盐沼碳收支中的主导作用.尽管PEX排放的部分无机碳以CO_(2)形式返回大气中,但剩余的碳酸盐会在海洋中长期稳定储存.因此,这项研究对于加强全球蓝碳评估,并为利用盐沼作为基于自然的解决方案来应对全球气候变化提供了科学依据.

关键词：岸碳全球碳收支碳中和基于自然的解决方案滨海湿地海底地下水排放

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AI与CFO职能转变

新理财（公司理财） 2024年第2期 88-90页

作者： isaac Heller 不详

随着CFO在技术决策中发挥的作用越来越大,他们完全可以运用AI和自动化技术来优化财务运营。人工智能(AI)既影响着财务领域的技术,如财务软件,也影响着财务部门负责人的职责范围,如CFO的职责。从CFO的角度来看,采用AI和自动化技术对有效... 详细信息

随着CFO在技术决策中发挥的作用越来越大,他们完全可以运用AI和自动化技术来优化财务运营。人工智能(AI)既影响着财务领域的技术,如财务软件,也影响着财务部门负责人的职责范围,如CFO的职责。从CFO的角度来看,采用AI和自动化技术对有效管理财务运营、推动业务增长和最大化企业价值是至关重要的。最重要的是,在AI的帮助下,CFO将更专注于高层战略决策,而不是日常的会计事项管理、记录和报告工作。

关键词：财务部门负责财务运营自动化技术 CFO 职责范围财务软件会计事项战略决策

Characterization of Small-Scale Farmers and Assessment of Their Access to Crop Production Information in Selected Counties of Kenya

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 565-589页

作者： Anastasia Mumbi Wahome John B. K. Kiema Galcano C. Mulaku isaac Mukoko Department of Geospatial & Space Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Public Health Kenya Methodist University Nairobi Kenya

Small-scale farming accounts for 78% of total agricultural production in Kenya and contributes to 23.5% of the country’s GDP. Their crop production activities are mostly rainfed subsistence with any surplus being sold to bring in some income. Timely decisions on farm practices such as farm preparation and planting are critical determinants of the seasonal outcomes. In Kenya, most small-scale farmers have no reliable source of information that would help them make timely and accurate decisions. County governments have extension officers who are mandated with giving farmers advisory services to farmers but they are not able to reach most farmers due to facilitation constraints. The mode and format of sharing information is also critical since it’s important to ensure that it’s timely, well-understood and usable. This study sought to assess access to geospatial derived and other crop production information by farmers in four selected counties of Kenya. Specific objectives were to determine the profile of small-scale farmers in terms of age, education and farm size;to determine the type of information that is made available to them by County and Sub-County extension officers including the format and mode of provision;and to determine if the information provided was useful in terms of accuracy, timeliness and adequacy. The results indicated that over 80% of the farmers were over 35 years of age and over 56% were male. Majority had attained primary education (34%) or secondary education (29%) and most farmers in all the counties grew maize (71%). Notably, fellow farmers were a source of information (71%) with the frequency of sharing information being mostly seasonal (37%) and when information was available (43%). Over 66% of interviewed farmers indicating that they faced challenges while using provided information. The results from the study are insightful and helpful in determining effective ways of providing farmers with useful information to ensure maximum benefits.

关键词： Small Scale Farmers Farmers Crop Production Information Services Geospatial Information Information Access

Effect of Variety and Plant Spacing on Growth and Yield of Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 54-70页

作者： Abukari Iddrisu Eric Adjei Samuel Kwesi Asomaning Kwadwo Gyasi Santo Adu Poku isaac Alexander Danson-Anokye Cocoa Health and Extension Division Huni Valley Ghana Department of Agriculture Berekum East Municipal Assembly Berekum Ghana Department of Horticulture and Crop Production School of Agriculture and Technology University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana Glenn High School Winston Salem USA

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of variety and plant spacing on yield and growth of groundnuts. The field experiment was laid in a 3 × 3 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three (3) replications. The factor A included three (3) groundnut varieties (Nkatie Sari, Sum Nutt 22 and Yenyawoso) and Factor B was the three (3) spacing of 30 cm × 15 cm, 30 cm × 30 cm and 30 cm × 40 cm. All recommended agronomic practices were followed. Data was collected from eight (8) tagged plants. Growth data were recorded on plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, and the number of flowers while yield data were collected on the number of flowers, number of pods per plant, 100 seeds weight and the pod yield (kg/ha). The plant spacing significantly influenced (P enyawoso variety with a wider plant spacing performed better vegetatively among all the varieties. The Yenyawoso variety produced the highest number of pods, 100 seeds weight and pod yield as compared to the other varieties. Also, Yenyawoso at 30 cm × 40 cm spacing and Nkatie Sari at 30 cm × 15 cm spacing produced the maximum pod yield.

关键词： Groundnut Variety Yield Spacing Plant Height