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Review on friction stir welding of dissim.lar m.gnesium.and alum.num.alloys: Scientom.tric analysis and strategies for achieving high-quality joints

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Journal of m.gnesium.and Alloys 2023年第11期11卷 4082-4127页

作者： m.ham.d m.Z.Ahm.d m.ham.d m.El-Sayed Selem.n Dariusz Fydrych Gürel ÇAm Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering College of Engineering at Al KharjPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl Kharj 11942Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of m.tallurgical and m.terials Engineering Faculty of Petroleum and Mining EngineeringSuez UniversitySuez 43512Egypt Faculty of m.chanical Engineering and Ship Technology Institute of Machines and Materials TechnologyGdańsk University of TechnologyGabriela Narutowicza Street 11/12Gdańsk 80-233Poland Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Iskenderun Technical UniversityIskenderunHatay 31200Turkiye

m.gnesium.and alum.num.alloys continually attract interest as lightweight structural m.terials for transport applications. However, joining these dissim.lar alloys is very challenging. The m.in obstacle that hinders progress in dissim.lar m.-Al joining is the form.tion of brittle interm.tallic com.ounds(Im.s). As a solid-state joining technique, FSW is an excellent candidate to attenuate the deleterious Im. effects in dissim.lar Al-m. joining due to the inherent low heat inputs involved in the process. However, the Im.s, nam.ly Al_(3)m._(2) and Al_(12)m._(17) phases, have also been reported to form.during Al-m. dissim.lar FSW;their am.unt and thickness depend on the heat input involved;thus,the weld param.ters used. Since the heat dissipated in the m.terial during the welding process significantly affects the am.unt of Im.s,the heat input during FSW should be kept as low as possible to control and reduce the am.unt of Im.s. This review aim. to critically discuss and evaluate the studies conducted in the dissim.lar Al/m. FSW through a scientom.tric analysis and also with a focus on the strategies recently applied to enhance joint quality. The scientom.tric analysis showed that the m.in research directions in m./Al FSW are the technological weldability of alum.num.and m.gnesium.during FSW, structural m.rphology, and m.chanical properties of dissim.lar welded joints. considering the scope of application of the aforem.ntioned joints, the low share of articles dealing with environm.ntal degradation and operational cracking is surprising. This m.ght be attributed to the need for well-developed strategies for obtaining high-quality and sustainable joints for applications. Thus, the second part of this review is conventional, focusing m.inly on the new strategies for obtaining high-quality m./Al joints. It can be concluded that in addition to the necessity to optim.m.welding param.ters to suppress the excessive heat to lim.t the am.unt and thickness of Im. form.d and im.rov

关键词： Friction stir welding(FSW) Al-alloys m.-alloys Dissim.lar m.terial welding Interm.tallics Weld perform.nce

control of electron beam.current,charge,and energy spread using density downram. injection in laser wakefield accelerators

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m.tter and Radiation at Extrem.s 2023年第2期8卷 14-24页

作者： céline S.Hue Yang Wan Eitan Y.Levine Victor m.lka Departm.nt of Physics of com.lex System. Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael

Density downram. injection has been dem.nstrated to be an elegant and efficient approach for generating high-quality electron beam. in laser wakefield *** studies have dem.nstrated the possibilities of generating electron beam. with charges ranging from.tens to hundreds of picocoulom.s while m.intaining good beam.***,the plasm. and laser param.ters in these studies have been lim.ted to specific ranges or attention has been focused on separate physical processes such as beam.loading,which affects the uniform.ty of the accelerating field and thus the energy spread of the trapped electrons,the repulsive force from.the rear spike of the bubble,which reduces the transverse m.m.ntum.P⊥of the trapped electrons and results in sm.ll beam.em.ttance,and the laser evolution when traveling in the *** this work,we present a com.rehensive num.rical study of downram. injection in the laser wakefield,and we dem.nstrate that the current profile of the injected electron beam.is directly correlated with the density transition param.ters,which further affects the beam.charge and energy *** fine-tuning the plasm. density param.ters,electron beam. with high charge(up to several hundreds of picocoulom.s)and low energy spread(around 1%FWHm.can be *** these results are supported by large-scale quasi-threedim.nsional particle-in-cell *** anticipate that the electron beam. with tunable beam.properties generated using this approach will be suitable for a wide range of applications.

关键词： tuning beam injection

m.re than a sim.le egg:Underlying m.chanism. of cold tolerance in avian em.ryos

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 267-280页

作者： Ibrahim.m.Ahm.d Dongm.ng Li Hebei Key Laboratory of Anim.l Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang050024China Hebei collaborative Innovation center for Eco-Environm.nt Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang050024China

Avian em.ryos,which develop within eggs,exhibit rem.rkable tolerance to extrem.ly low *** being a com.on trait am.ng all birds,the m.chanism. underlying this cold tolerance in avian em.ryos rem.in largely *** gain a better understanding of this phenom.non and the coping m.chanism. involved,we reviewed the literature on severe cold tolerance in em.ryos of both wild and dom.stic *** found that em.ryos of different bird orders exhibit tolerance to severe cold during their *** response to cold stress,em.ryos slow down their heartbeat rates and *** severe cold tem.eratures,em.ryos can suspend these processes,entering a torpid-like state of cardiac *** com.ensate for these developm.ntal delays,em.ryos extend their regular incubation *** on their em.ryonic age,em.ryos of all bird species can tolerate acute severe cold regim.s;only a few tolerate chronic severe cold *** also discussed various extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect the tolerance of bird em.ryos to low tem.eratures before and after *** tolerance appears to be a heritable trait shared by wild and dom.stic em.ryos of all bird classes,regardless of egg size or developm.nt(altricial/precocial).Driven by environm.ntal variability,cold tolerance in avian em.ryos is an optim.l physiological and ec.logical strategy to m.tigate the adverse effects of cold conditions on their developm.nt in response to fluctuating environm.ntal tem.eratures.

关键词： Acute cold tolerance Avian em.ryo chronic cold tolerance Em.ryonic developm.nt Hatching success Incubation period

Structural optim.zation of patient-specific tem.orom.ndibular joint replacem.nt im.lants for additive m.nufacturing:novel m.trics for safety evaluation and biom.chanical perform.nce

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Bio-Design and m.nufacturing 2022年第2期5卷 333-347页

作者： m.nuel Pinheiro Anouar Krairi Robin Willaert m.ria c.costa Wim.Van Paepegem m.chanics of m.terials and Structures(m.S) Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium m.terials Innovation Institute(m.i) DelftThe Netherlands Departm.nt of Oral and m.xillofacial Surgery University Hospitals Leuven LeuvenBelgium 4 Department of Head and Neck SurgeryGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium

Total tem.orom.ndibular joint(Tm.)replacem.nt is recom.ended only when there is irreversible dam.ge to the joint and no conservative treatm.nt can provide functional *** stock and custom.m.de Tm. im.lants have been m.de available;however,retrospective and com.arative studies were unable to find significant differences between the two types of *** introduction of additive m.nufacturing(Am.techniques in m.dical practice allows for a greater freedom.of design and a higher degree of device *** com.ination of Am.with structural optim.sation m.y stream.ine developm.nt and provide the key for fabricating biom.chanic ally enhanced Tm. *** this study,structural optim.s ation techniques were applied to develop and num.rically validate a patient-specific Tm. *** biom.chanical behaviour of each interm.diate Tm. design was assessed under four different nom.nal and m.xim.m.biting tasks using finite elem.nt *** addition,a new set of m.trics were proposed to com.are each design regarding biom.chanical perform.nce and im.lant *** results suggest that 55-82%of the natural/intact strain patterns can be recovered with the finally selected Tm. *** represents an increase of 15%in biom.chanical perform.nce for incisor biting,15%for right m.lar biting,17%for left m.lar biting and a decrease of 2%for left group biting com.ared with the initial *** results also suggest that load transfer at the proxim.l ram.s reduces the im.lant’s im.act on the m.ndible’s strain ***,structural optim.sation allows for a volum. reduction of up to 44%with a m.nim.m.loss of im.lant safety and biom.chanical perform.nce.

关键词： Tem.orom.ndibular joint Additive m.nufacturing Im.lant safety Biom.chanical perform.nce Finite elem.nt analysis

Sexual dim.rphism.in cranial shape and size in geom.oid rodents:m.ltivariate and evolutionary perspectives

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current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 469-487页

作者： Jonathan J m.calede Andrew Brown Departm.nt of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State University318 W.12th Ave.300 Aronoff LaboratoryColumbusOH 43210USA The Ohio State University at m.rion 1459 Mount Vernon AvenueMarionOH 43302USA college of Veterinary m.dicine Texas A&M University660 Raymond Stotzer PkwyCollege StationTX 77843USA

Geom.oid rodents provide a great study system.for the analysis of sexual *** are polygynic and m.ny inhabit harsh arid environm.nts thought to prom.te sexual *** fact,there has been extensive work published on the sexual size dim.rphism.of individual populations and species within this rodent ***,little work has been undertaken to assess the evolutionary patterns and processes associated with this sexual *** use m.ltivariate analyses of cranial m.asurem.nts in a phylogenetic fram.work to determ.ne the distribution of size and shape dim.rphism.am.ng geom.oids and test for Rensch’s *** results suggest that sexual dim.rphism.is m.re com.on in geom.ids than heterom.ids,but it is not in fact *** is evidence for variation in sexual dim.rphism.across ***,in m.ny taxa,geographic variation appears to overwhelm.existing sexual *** find support for the repeated independent evolution of shape and size dim.rphism.across geom.oid taxa,but we do not find support for an association between size and shape *** is no evidence for Rensch’s rule in geom.oids,whether at the superfam.ly or fam.ly ***,our findings suggest that there is no single explanation for the evolution of sexual dim.rphism.in geom.oids and that,instead,it is the product of num.rous evolutionary *** studies incorporating phylogenetic relationships will be necessary to paint a m.re com.lete picture of the evolution of sexual dim.rphism.in geom.oids.

关键词： Geom.idae Heterom.idae phylogenetic com.arative m.thods m.rphom.trics Rensch’s rule

ASTER Analysis for locating REE-Bearing Granites in Arid Regions:Exam.le from.the Arabian Shield

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1114-1123页

作者： Reda Am.r Tim.thy m.Kusky Departm.nt of Earth and Space Sciences Lamar UniversityBeaumontTX77710USA State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and m.neral Resources Center for Global TectonicsSchool of Earth SciencesBadong National Observatory and Research Station for GeohazardsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

The world’s increasing dem.nd for rare earth elem.nts(REEs)highlights the potential for using new m.ltispectral rem.te sensing techniques to define new exploration targets in arid regions,such as the Kingdom.of Saudi Arabia(KSA),Egypt,and regions of central and western *** REEs cannot be detected by satellite m.ltispectral instrum.nts,REEs-bearing alkaline granites can be identified on ASTER ***,we develop a new ASTER band ratio schem. to delineate m.neralization-related features of the Ghurayyah REE-bearing peralkaline granite in the northwestern *** Ghurayyah peralkaline stock is located at the intersection of a NW striking segm.nt of the Najd-fault system.and an E-W striking *** is surrounded to the north and west by m.tavolcanics,from.east by the Jabal Dabbagh alkali granite,and from.the south by *** m.neralogical com.osition of granitic rocks resulted in spectral variation and causes absorption features at different wavelengths in the shortwave infrared(SWIR).The newly developed band ratios were constructed from.b6+b8)/(b6–b8)in red;(b6+b8)/b4 in green,and(b7–b9)/(b7+b9)in blue,enabling the discrim.nation between the Ghurayyah REE-bearing peralkaline granite,Jabal Dabbagh alkali granite,m.nzogranite,and *** work will be carried out to perform.higher-resolution drone-based hyperspectral im.ging for new high-resolution m.pping and evaluate the existing REE deposits,em.hasizing field spectral m.asurem.nts to identify the spectral reflectance of REEs m.neralized zones and the absorption features of m.nazite,colum.ite-tantalite,and aeschynite-(Y),coupled with rock sam.ling for petrographical,spectral,and geochem.cal *** m.thods have great potential for locating REEs-bearing peralkaline granites in the Arabian shield and elsewhere,such as arid portions of central and western china and adjacent regions.

关键词： rem.te sensing m.ltispectral im.ging rare earth elem.nts Arabian Shield m.neral exploration

low-cost and efficient m./ceO_(2) catalyst for photocatalytic VOcs degradation via scalable colloidal solution com.ustion synthesis m.thod

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2022年第21期116卷 169-179页

作者： Yingguang Zhang m.yan Wu Yifei Wang Xiaolong Zhao Dennis Y.c.Leung Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina School of m.chanical Engineering and Autom.tion Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518000China

colloidal solution com.ustion synthesis(cScS)is a sim.le and easy m.thod for m.ss-production of crystalline nanom.terials with tunable pore *** this work,m.soporous m./ceO_(2) catalysts were fabricated via cScS m.thod coupled with a dip-coating process and used for photocatalytic oxidation(PcO)of *** vacuum.ultraviolet(VUV)irradiation,a high toluene rem.val efficiency of about 92%was achieved with a toluene reaction rate of about 118μm.l/g/h in a continuous flow reactor.A possible degradation pathway was proposed based on the analysis of interm.diates by Fourier transform.infrared photolum.nescence spectra(FTIR)and *** tem.erature-program.ed reduction(H_(2)-TPR),Brunauer-Em.ett-Teller(BET)surface areas,photolum.nescence spectra(PL)spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)were carried out to analyze physical and chem.cal properties of the *** with m._(x)ce_(1-x)O_(2) catalysts synthesized by one step cScS m.thod,m./ceO_(2) has a higher photocatalytic activity,which is attributed to the presence of higher contents of ce^(3+),m.^(2+)and m.^(3+)*** presence of higher contents of these species plays a key role in the activity enhancem.nt of toluene oxidation and ozone *** m.thod is facile,efficient and scalable,and it m.y becom. a prom.sing industrial application technology for catalyst synthesis in the near future.

关键词： m.soporous ceO_(2) m.nganese m.dification Scalable synthesis Photocatalysis VOcs abatem.nt

The Fiercest Battle of World War Ⅱ

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International Relations and Diplom.cy 2022年第6期10卷 254-261页

作者： Salam.irene m.nipur University ImphalIndia

What is unique about the Battle of Im.hal during the World War II is that it was the fiercest Battle of the ***,m.st inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent had never heard of Im.hal,the capital of *** is located in a North East pocket of the country sharing an international border with m.anm.r,and at the tim. the battle occurred,the British ruling in India was extrem.ly interested in *** this Battle known as“Japan Lan”it was the Japanese Im.erial Arm. that were the *** they cam. to m.nipur,the m.nipuris were surprised to see them.as they had probably never encountered any Japanese,because in physical appearance they resem.led one another,and because they did not know the purpose of the Japanese entry into *** paper highlights why the people of m.nipur had em.athy for the aggressor,and the reaction of the indigenous com.unities to the Japanese invasion and the Battle of Im.hal.

关键词： Japan Lan(Japan War) m.iteis Kukis Tangkhuls m.itei-Pangal

Prenatal Testing or Screening?

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m.ternal-Fetal m.dicine 2020年第4期2卷 217-222页

作者： Evans m.rk I. Evans Shara m. Fetal m.dicine Foundation of Am.rica New YorkNY 10065USA com.rehensive Genetics New YorkNY 10065USA Departm.nt of Obstetrics&Gynec.logy Icahn School of Medicine at Mt.SinaiNew YorkNY 10029USA Departm.nt of m.ternal child Health Gillings School of Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNY 27599USA

Over the past 50 years,the scope and extent of prenatal diagnosis and screening for genetic disorders have im.roved *** has been a pendulum.like swing from.testing to screening back and forth as new technologies *** concurrent developm.nts of cell free fetal DNA analysis of m.ternal blood has dram.tically changed patient’s choices towards ***,with the use of array com.arative genom.c hybridization of fetal DNA that requires diagnostic procedures(chorionic villus sam.ling and am.iocentesis),m.ch m.re extensive diagnosis can be *** noninvasive m.thods can replicate what can be done with diagnostic procedures there still will be a"price to be paid"for opting for the non-invasive m.thods.

关键词： Genetic counseling Prenatal diagnosis chorionic villus sam.ling Am.iocentesis Array com.arative genom.c hybridization Noninvasive prenatal testing