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Malanite——A New Cupric Platinum (Pt^(3+)) and Iridium (Ir^(3+)) Sulphide

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1997年第2期71卷 152-157,233页

作者： Yu Zuxiang institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of geological sciences, Beijing, 100037 institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 [?]Yu Zhuxiang Born in Nov. 1930 graduated from the Specialty of Petrology and Mineralogy of the Department of Geology Beijing College of Geology in 1953. He has long engaged in the study of mineralogy as Research Professor at the Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.

Malanite was first found in veinlets of disseminated copper-nickel ores inZunhua County, Hebei province, and then in platinum-bearing chromite ores in ShuangfengVillage, Yanshan. In the former case, malanite appears as octahedrons or dodecahedrons asso-ciated with pyrrhotite, pentlandite, sperrylite and cooperite; while in the latter case, it is massiveor present in anhedral glomerocrysts, filling in cracks of iridisite and associated with osmiride,ferrian platinum and iridisite. Malanite is steel-grey in colour, opaque with metallic lustre andblack streaks and brittle with no magnetism. H_M=5.0, VHN_(20)=417kg/mm^2, cleavage {111}sometimes observed. The calculated density is 7.57g/cm^3. The reflective colour is white with alight green tint. Internal reflections are not observed. This mineral is isotropic, showing nobireflection or reflection pleochroism in air. By means of electron microprobe analysis, the em-pirical formula (based on 7 atoms) is expressed as (Cu_(0.93)Fe_(0.06))_(∑0.99)(Pt_(1.03)Ir_(0.66)Rh_(0.04)Pd_(0.03)Co_(0.20)Ni_(0.03))_(1.99)S_(4.03) or (Cu_(0.95)Fe_(0.07))_(∑1.02)(Pt_(1.37)Ir_(0.45)Co_(0.11)Rh_(0.08))_(∑2.01)S_(3.97). Five strongestlines (hkl, d, I) of X-ray powder diffraction data of malanite are 311,2.98(6); 400,2.48(5);333, 1.90(7); 440, 1.75(10); 731, 1.29(5). It was known on the basis of X-ray powder diffractiondata that malanite is cubic, and the space group is Fd3m with α=0.9940nm, V=0.9821(3)nm^3 and Z=4. The type material of malanite is deposited at the geological Museum of china(GMC)s

关键词： new mineral malanite chrome ore

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Use-wear analysis confirms the use of Palaeolithic bone tools by the Lingjing Xuchang early human

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第21期55卷 2282-2289页

作者： LI ZhanYang 1,4 & SHEN Chen 2,3,4 1 henan Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,zhengzhou 450000,china 2 The Joint Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100044,china 3 The Royal Ontario Museum,Toronto ON M5S2C6,Canada 4 Oriental Archaeology Research Center of Shandong University,Jinan 250100,china henan Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Zhengzhou 450000 China Oriental Archaeology Research Center of Shandong University Jinan 250100 China The Joint Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China The Royal Ontario Museum Toronto ON M5S2C6 Canada

During 2007-2008 excavations at the Lingjing site near Xuchang,henan province,dated back to around 100-80 ka ago,a large quantity of mammalian fossil remains were recovered along with a remarkable cluster of Early Modern Human(EMH) skull fragments in *** some of those animal bones were probably modified into tools.A use-wear analysis was carried out to examine the functions of modified bone *** results suggest that Lingjing bone tools were used for drilling,penetrating,and scraping animal substances,and that some might have been hafted during the *** study confirms that early existence ofintentionally-modified bone tools at human occupations of the early Late Pleistocene in northern *** discovery suggests making and use of bone tools were inevitably a part of early human behaviors and cultural development,as such of stone tools.

关键词：早期人类磨损分析旧石器时代工具许昌哺乳动物化石现代人类动物骨头

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New Early Cambrian Chordates from Haikou, Kunming

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第4期75卷 345-348页

作者： LUO Huilin, HU Shixue and CHEN Liangzhong Yunnan institute of geological sciences, 131 Baita Road, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Yunnan institute of geological sciences 131 Baita Road Kunming 650011 Yunnan [?]2Luo Huilin Born in 1936 graduated from the Department of Geology Chongqing University in 1956 now professor in the Yunnan institute of geological sciences and member of the Working Group on the Cambrian System Commission on Stratigraphy of China. He has been working for years on the Cambrian and Ordovician stratigraphy and trilobites and the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary and the Chengjiang fauna and been granted the first prize of the Science and Technology Award of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources and the Second Yin Zanxun Prize for Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of China. Tel: (0871) 3188826 (O) (0871)3153154 (H).

Two new chordates, Cathaymyrus haikouensis Luo et Hu sp. nov. and Zhongxiniscus intermedius Luo et Hu gen. et sp. nov. are studied in this paper. Both display numerous S-shaped myomeres on their trunk. C. haikouensis shows a long and slim body similar to that of Cathaymyrus diadexus Shu et al., Zhongxiniscus approaches to Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys in the dorsal fin, but differs in the myomeres. Zhongxiniscus may be the intermediate form between Cathaymyrus and Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys.

关键词： Haikou Kunming Early Cambrian chordate

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Discovery of Early Triassic conodonts in western Gangdisê and the establishment of the Tangnale Formation

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Science china Earth sciences 2007年第12期50卷 1767-1772页

作者： ZHENG YouYe1, XU RongKe1,2, WANG ChengYuan3, MA GuoTao1, LAI XuLong1, YE DeJin2, CAO Liang1 & LIANG JiWei4 1 Faculty of Earth Resourse, china University of Geoscience, Wuhan 430074, china 2 Research institute of geological Survey of Gansu province, Lanzhou 730050, china 3 Nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Nanjing 210008, china 4 Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, china 1. Faculty of Earth Resourse China University of Geoscience Wuhan 430074 China 2. Research institute of geological Survey of Gansu province Lanzhou 730050 China 3. Nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China 4. Department of Geology Northwest University Xi’an 710069 China

Most geologists believe that there are no Early and Middle Triassic strata in the W. Gandisê stratigraphic subregion, but the present authors have found Early Triassic conodonts for the first time in the Shiquanhe area, including five conodonts genera (Form genera): Pachycladina, Neohindeodella, Cornudina, Hadrodontina and Hibbardella sp. etc. Then we affirm that Early Triassic deposits exist in the Gandisê stratigraphic subregion, and establish the Tangnale Formation. The conclusion is new important complementary basal data for Triassic stratigraphy division of Gangdisê, reconstructing palaogeography and studying Gangdisê from Paleozoic to Mesozoic island-arc evolution and transi-tion.

关键词： Conodonts, Early Triassic, western Gangdisê

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Spatial-temporal Frame,Evolution and Mineralization of the Northern Qilian Metallogenic province

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1997年第2期71卷 204-216页

作者： Sun Haitian Wu Jieren and Li Jinping institute of Mineral Deposits, Chinese Academy of geological sciences, Beijing Xi’an institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of geological sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi institute of Mineral Deposits, Chinese Academy of geological sciences, Beijing institute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing Xi'an institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Xi'an Shaanxi institute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing [?]Sun Haitian Born in 1955 got a doctorate degree in 1988 conducted postdoctoral research from 1989 to 1991 in the Department of Geology and Mineral Resource Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology. He is now Research Professor at the Institute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and has long been engaged in geology metallogenesis and regional metallogeny of metallic ore deposits with emphases on cooper deposits and volcanic and sedex metallic deposits.

Four metallogenic epochs occurred in different tectonic environments during theevolution of the Northern Qilian metallogenic province through the geological time. The Mid-dle Proterozoic metallogenic epoch witnessed the tectonic environment of crustal breakupcaused by mantle diapirism, in which ultramafic-mafic rocks were intruded along beep faultbelts and the superlarge Jinchuan magmatic Cu-Ni sulphide deposit was formed. In theMiddle-Late Proterozoic metallogenic epoch the crust was further broken to form anintracontinental rift, in which the Chenjiamiao style massive Cu-Fe sulphide deposits hosted bybasic volcanic tuff were formed in the lower volcano-sedimentary sequence, while the largesedex type Jingtieshan style Fe-Cu deposits were formed within the upper abyssal carbon-richargillaceous sedimentary sequence. The Early Palaeozoic saw the aulacogen environment, with-in which the Baiyinchang style superlarge massive base and precious metal sulphide depositshosted by quartz keratophyric tuff were formed in the Middle-Late Cambrian rifted island arcand the massive Cu-Zn sulphide deposits and magmatic chromite deposits associated with theophiolite suite were formed in the Early-Middle Ordovician, and the Honggou style massiveCu-Fe sulphide deposits hosted by spilite were formed in the Late Ordovician back-arc basinenvironment. In the Late Palaeozoic-Meso-Cenozoic, the metallogenic province went into anintracontinental orogenic stage characterized by compressive tectonic environment, in whichthere occurred carbonate-quartz vein type and tectono-alteration gold deposits associated withductile-shear structures.

关键词： northern Qilian metallogenic province evolution and mineralization

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Lower Cretaceous angio-sperm leaf from Wuhe in Anhui,china

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第6期48卷 611-614页

作者： LI Haomin Nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Nanjing 210008, china Nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences China

A new early angiosperm leaf species is reported from the Xinzhuang Formation in Wuhe County, Anhui province. It is probably of Barremian or slightly later in geological age. The fossil leaf is small, no more than 0.6 cm both in length and in width. The leaf veins are well preserved and clearly visible under a low power microscope. Leaf ar-chitectural analysis shows that such a leaf should belong to the first leaf rank of Hickey, i.e. the most primitive one. There are no early angiosperm leaves published completely similar to ours. A new species name of Dicotylophyllum minutissimum sp. nov. is established for the present leaf fos-sils.

关键词：安徽下白垩统早期被子植物叶片结构叶片化石

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Lightning activity and precipitation structure of hailstorms

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Science china Earth sciences 2007年第4期50卷 629-639页

作者： FENG GuiLi1,2, QIE XiuShu3,1, YUAN Tie1 & NIU ShuZhen4 1 Laboratory of Lightning and Thunderstorm, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research institute, Chinese Academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 2 Shandong Research institute of Meteorology, Jinan 250031, china 3 institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, china 4 The Meteorological Observatory of henan province, zhengzhou 450003, china 1. Laboratory of Lightning and Thunderstorm Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. Shandong Research institute of Meteorology Jinan 250031 China 3. institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 4. The Meteorological Observatory of henan province Zhengzhou 450003 China

By using the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning location data from the lightning detection network of He- nan province, surface Doppler radar data and standard orbit data of PR, TMI and LIS on TRMM satellite, the spatial and temporal characteristics of CG lightning flashes in 10 severe hailstorms are analyzed. The results show that the percentage of +CG lightning in these hailstorms is high with an average value of 45.5%. There is a distinct increase in CG flash rate during the rapid development stage of hailstorms. The hailstone falling corresponds to an active positive flash period, and the increase of +CG flash rate is generally accompanied with a decrease of –CG flash rate. The flash rate declines rapidly during the dissipating stage of hailstorms. The precipitation structure and lightning activity in two typical hail- storms are studied in detail. It is found that strong convective cells with reflectivity greater than 30dBZ mainly are situated in the front region of hailstorms, whereas the trailing stratiform region is in the rear part of the hailstorms. The maximum heights of echo top are higher than 14 km. Convective rain con- tributes much more rainfall to the total than stratiform rain, and the convective rain takes about 85% and 97% of the total in the two cases, respectively. Total lightning in the hailstorms is very active with the flash rate up to 183 fl/min and 55 fl/min, respectively. The results also indicate that most lightning flashes occurred in the echo region greater than 30 dBZ and its immediate periphery. The probability of lightning occurrence is 20 times higher in the convective region than in the stratiform region. The result suggests that the lightning information is helpful to the identification of convective rain region. The linear relationship between flash rate and ice water content is disclosed primarily.

关键词： total lightning activity positive CG lightning hailstorm convective rain ice water content

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Mineralogy and Mode of Occurrence of Gold, Silver and Bismuth of the Caijiaying Lead-Zine-Silver Deposit, Hebei province

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1991年第4期65卷 371-385,461页

作者： Huang Dianhao Ding Xiaoshi Wu Chengyu Zhang Changjiang institute of Mineral Deposits, Chinese Academy of geological sciences, Beijing geological Party No.3, Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Zhang jiakou, Hebei Fei Zhenbi institute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

The deposit under study is a hydrothermal filling-metasomatic vein type lead-zinc-silver deposit, in whichgold and silver can be recovered as by-products. These metals mainly occur as microgranular native gold,electrum, stephanite, acanthite, pyraragyrite, freibergite, and native silver. Gold minerals tend to be associatedwith galenobismutite, native bismuth and unnamed Bi_2Te. They are either enclosed in pyrite, marmatite,iron-bearing sphalerite and galens or fill the microfissures of these minerals. Silver minerals usually occur incleavages or fissures of galena, marmatite and pyrite, but are not associated with gold and bismuth minerals.Gold and silver mineralizations occurred later than lead and zinc, while the silver mineralization was precededby that of gold.

关键词： Mineralogy and Mode of Occurrence of Gold Hebei province

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REE Geochemistry and Mineralization Characteristics of the Zudong and Gnanxi Granites, Jiangxi province

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1989年第2期63卷 139-157页

作者： Huang Dianhao, Wu Chengyu institute of Mineral Deposits, Chinese Academy of geological sciences, Beijing and Han Jiuzhu Southern Jiangxi geological Survey Party, Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Ganzhou Zhang Zhong min institute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

The Zudong and Guanxi granites are original rocks of the ion adsorption-type HREE and LREE deposits in weathering crust of granites. The ΣREE value and LREE/HREE ratio of the Zudong granite are 264 ppm and 0.81-0.24 respectively, and the average Y/ΣREE ratio is 35.8-54.5%. This is mainly due to magmatic crystallization and evolution and deuteric metasomatism (albitization, muscovitization and fluorite-doveritization). These alterations resulted in endogenic mineralizations of yttrium-group REE fluorine carbonates, silicates and arsenates. The Guanxi granite is characterized by LREE enrichment (the average LREE/HREE ratio is 2.43).

关键词： REE Geochemistry and Mineralization Characteristics of the Zudong and Gnanxi Granites Jiangxi province

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Late Eocene Sporopollen and Paleoclimate, Paleoenvironment of the Yuanqu Basin, Shanxi

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Continental Dynamics 1999年第2期 29-38页

作者： WANG Daning (institute Of Geology,Chinese Academy of geological sciences, Beijing 100037,china)

The Late Eocene sporopollen of the Yuanqu Basin in Shanxi province has been studied, and four sporopollen assemblages are established, in which two of them are mainly composed of pollen of angiosperm and gymnosperm, the third is mainly composed of spores of pteridophyte, and the last is of fresh water algae *** on the character of the palynoflora, the Late Eocene flora, paleoclimate and paleoenviroment of the Yuanqu Basin are discussed. This Late Eocene flora belongs to the transitional flora from temperate zone to tropical zone (transitional floral region from Portawa Floral Realm and Durgai Floral Realm). The character of paleoclimate in Late Eocene of this region is from a teinperate and humid subtropical to mild temperate zone climate. The global temperature declining event has a certain reflection in this region. The oscillation of arid climate occurs as well. During Late Eocene, lakes and marshes widely distributed in this region, and further more, the lakes and marshes frequently alternated with dry lands, appearing 3 or more times.

关键词： Late Eocene paleoclimate paleoenvironment paleoflora

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