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Spatial analysis of vegetation cover response to climate trends in Khakassia(South Siberia)

Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第10期20卷 2869-2884页

作者： im sergei Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Khakassian State University named after N.F.KatanovAbakan 655000Russia V.N.Sukachev Institute of Forest Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of ScienceKrasnoyarsk 660036Russia Institute of Ecology and Geography Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarsk 660041Russia Institute of Space Research and High Technologies Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and TechnologyKrasnoyarsk660014Russia

An analysis of the changes in vegetation cover on the territory of the Republic of Khakassia in 2000–2021 due to climatic trends was carried out based on the MODIS *** changes in vegetation cover were estimated based on trends in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI).In general,in the 21st century,an increase in the biomass of vegetation cover is *** trends were observed in 16%–22%of the territory,and negative only in 1%–3%.For about 20%of the analyzed territory,a significant influence of climate on the changes in vegetation cover was *** most pronounced negative impact on vegetation cover was caused by summer air and soil temperatures,spring temperature,and summer winds,and the positive impact was caused by summer precipitation and soil *** response of the vegetation cover to climate was non-uniform concerning the ***,a significant correlation with the amount of precipitation was observed for~20%–35%of vegetation growing below 600 m above sea level and for less than 5%above this *** negative effect of summer temperatures on plants prevailed mainly at an elevation below~1400 m above sea *** climate change is likely to lead to significant degradation of vegetation in the steppe and foreststeppe in Khakassia in the coming decades.

关键词： Khakassia South Siberia Vegetation cover Climate trends Remote sensing MODIS NDVI EVI Relief

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Siberian silkmoth outbreaks surpassed geoclimatic barrier in Siberian Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第8期17卷 1891-1900页

作者： KHARUK Viacheslav I. im sergei T. SOLDATOV Vladimir V. Sukachev Institute of Forest Federal Scientific CenterRussian Academy of ScienceSiberian BranchAcademgorodok 50/28Krasnoyarsk660036 Russia Siberian Federal University Svobodny str.79Krasnoyarsk660041 Russia Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsky rabochy str.31Krasnoyarsk660014 Russia Russian Center of Forest Protection Academgorodok 50A/2Krasnoyarsk660036 Russia

Siberian silkmoth(SSM,Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv.)is the most important defoliator of Siberian pine(Pinus sibirica Du Tour)and fir(Abies sibirica Ledeb.)***-induced SSM outbreaks are one of the major driving factors of successions within the taiga *** is suggested that climate change impacted the SSM range and life *** analyzed the migration of alpine and northerly SSM outbreak boundaries in Siberia and the impact of the climate variables and topography on the outbreak *** used time-series scenes(multispectral data,and vegetation indexes EVI and NDII)in combination with field studies,climate variables,and GIS *** found that SSM outbreaks in the area of alpine boundary shifted about 370 m uphill since the mid of *** outbreak onset was promoted by increased dryness and active temperatures and decreased root zone moisture content in the spring-early summer *** terrain topography strongly affected SSM outbreak onset and ***,the outbreak was located at the middle elevations on the gentle concave southeastern slopes,which are the favorable insect habitats between *** the outbreak expanded uphill and downhill,to steeper slopes,and both concave and convex *** with elevation range expansion,SSM surpassed its northern historical outbreak boundary:the potential outbreaks’boundary moved about 300 km *** warming contributes to SSM migration into former outbreak free conifer stands located in highlands and at northern latitudes.

关键词： Insect outbreaks Remote sensing monitoring Insect ranges expansion Siberian silkmoth Forest health Conifer mortality

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Alpine ecotone in the Siberian Mountains:vegetation response to warming

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第12期18卷 3099-3108页

作者： KHARUK Viacheslav I. im sergei T. PETROV Il’ya A. Sukachev Institute of Forest Federal Scientific CenterRussian Academy of ScienceSiberian BranchAcademgorodok 50/28Krasnoyarsk 660036Russia Siberian Federal University Svobodny str.79Krasnoyarsk 660041Russia Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsky rabochy str.31Krasnoyarsk 660014Russia

Birch(Betula tortuosa)is one of the treeline forming species within the Siberian *** analysed the area dynamics of birch stands and the upslope climb of birch treeline based on the Landsat time series scenes and on-ground *** found that since the warming onset(1970th)birch area increased by 10%,birch stands and treeline boundary were moving upslope with a rate of 1.4 m/yr and 4.0 m/*** upslope shift correlated with air temperatures at the beginning(May-June)and the end(August-October)of the growth ***,no correlation was found between birch upslope migration and *** negatively influenced both birch area growth and birch upslope climb during spring,fall,and *** the windy habitats,birch,together with larch and Siberian pine,formed clusters(hedges)which mitigated the influence of adverse *** clusters are the adaptive pattern for trees’upslope climb within windward *** other adaptation to the harsh alpine ecotone habitat is non-leaf(bark)photosynthesis which supports tree ***,Betula tortuosa upslope climb depends on the wind impact and warming in spring and fall that extended growth *** ongoing warming and observed wind speed decrease on the background of sufficient precipitation,it is expected to further birch advance into alpine tundra in the Siberian Mountains.

关键词： Alpine biomes Treeline shift rate Treeline ecotone Siberian mountain forests Betula tortuosa Forest densification Tree clustering

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Tree clusters migration into alpine tundra,Siberia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3426-3440页

作者： KHARUK Viacheslav I. PETROV II'ya A. im sergei T. GOLYUKOV Alexey S. DVINSKAYA Maria L. SHUSHPANOV Alexander S. Sukacheu Institute of Forest Federal Scientific CenterRussian Academy of ScienceSiberian BranchAcademgorodok 50/28Krasnoyarsk 660036Russia Siberian Federal University Svobodny str.79Krasnoyarsk 660041Russia Reshetneu Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsky rabochy str.31Krasnoyarsk 66014Russia Tomsk State University Leninastr.36Tomsk 634050Russia

We hypothesize that in mountain windy habitat trees formed clusters(hedges)as adaptive structures for seedlings’rooting,survival,and tress’upslope *** studied hedges formed by Siberian pine(Pinus sibirica du Tour)and larch(Larix sibirica Ledeb.)within the treeline ecotone in southern Siberian Mountains,investigated hedges formation,evolution,habitat amelioration,and analyzed tree’s growth index(GI)dependence on the eco-climate variables(air temperature,precipitation,soil moisture,wind speed)and relief features(elevation,aspect,slope steepness,and terrain curvature).We conducted a ground survey,measured biometrical parameters of trees and hedges,determined species composition and tree physiognomy,soil types and nutrient contents,and sampled wood cores and applied dendrochronology for trees’GI *** high-resolution satellite scenes for hedge detection and upslope migration,we found that winter winds and soil moisture are the main constraints of trees’settlement and *** formation always links with wind-sheltered microtopography features(boulders,local depressions or felled trees).Once the first tree is established,a positive feedback is aroused that facilitates seedling rooting and in-hedge habitat *** form a streamlined dense“common crown”that mitigates adverse winter wind *** always orient along the prevailing winds,and trees’uphill migration occurs by seedlings establishment within the leeward hedge *** growth facilitates soil formation and *** concentration of nutrients(K,P,N and S)within hedges exceeds the background by 1.5-5.5 *** extension leads to increased snow accumulation that mitigates the influence of desiccation and snow abrasion and mitigates seasonal water *** the extremely harsh windy habitat,inhedge trees present in mat,prostrate or krummholz *** warming,tree stems and even twigs turn *** that GI dependence on the wind speed is insignificant unt

关键词： Treeline Timberline Hedges Tree migration Siberian pine Larch Tree growth Siberian mountain forests Wind stress Moisture stress

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Larch growth across thermal and moisture gradients in the Siberian Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第1期20卷 101-114页

作者： KHARUK Viacheslav I. PETROV Il'ya A. GOLYUKOV Alexey S. DVINSKAYA Maria L. im sergei T. SHUSHPANOV Alexander S. Sukachev Institute of Forest Federal Scientific CenterRussian Academy of ScienceSiberian BranchAcademgorodok 50/28Krasnoyarsk660036Russia Siberian Federal University Svobodny str.79Krasnoyarsk660041Russia Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsky rabochy str.31Krasnoyarsk660014Russia Tomsk State University Lenina str.36Tomsk634050Russia

Climate-driven changes in the thermal and moisture regimes may variously influence different tree species growth and *** hypothesize that drought resistant Siberian larch(Larix sibirica Ledeb.)and precipitation-sensitive Siberian pine(Pinus sibirica Du Tour)responded differently to climate change along the elevational thermal and precipitation *** studied the influence of air temperature,precipitation,soil moisture,and atmospheric drought(indicated by the drought index SPEI)on larch and pine growth along the southward megaslope of the West Sayan *** found that since 2000 climate change resulted in increasing larch and pine radial growth index(GI)(c.1.5–3times)within treeline(2000–2300 m)and timberline(1900–2000 m)ecotones,*** high precipitation *** the forest-steppe ecotone(1100–1200 m)in which *** is the only species,larch GI stagnated or even *** total forested area increased since 2000 up to+50%in the high elevations,whereas in the low elevations(imberline,trees’GI was stimulated by summer ***,temperature increase in early spring reduces GI due to living tissue activation followed by tissue damage by *** forest-steppe,larch radial growth was mostly dependent on soil *** shifted dependence on moisture to the early dates of the growing *** droughts decreased GI within forest-steppe as well as within treeline,whereas the drought influence on both species within highlands was *** forest-steppe seedlings establishment was poor,whereas it was successful within treeline and *** climate change leads to stagnation or even decrease in Larix sibirica growth in the southern lowland *** combination with poor seedlings establishment,reduced growth threatens the transformation of open lowland forests into forest-steppe and steppe ***,in the highlands warming

关键词： Larch Siberian pine Climate influence on tree radial growth Mountain forests Treeline Timberline Foreststeppe Drought stress Moisture stress

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Erratum to:Siberian silkmoth outbreaks surpassed geoclimatic barrier in Siberian Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第5期18卷 1404-1404页

Aim&Scope:Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the *** mainly publishes academic and technical papers concerning environmental changes and sustainable development in mountain areas under natural conditions or/and with the influence of human *** also accepts book reviews,commentary,and reports on mountain research and introductions to mountain research organizations.

关键词： JMS mountains devoted

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Scalable Ir-Doped NiFe₂O₄/TiO₂ Heterojunction Anode for Decentralized Saline Wastewater Treatment and H₂ Production

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NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2025年第1期17卷 1-18页

作者： Hong, Sukhwa Kim, Jiseon Park, Jaebeom im, Sunmi Hoffmann, Michael R. Cho, Kangwoo Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH Div Environm Sci & Engn Pohang 790784 South Korea CALTECH Linde Labs Pasadena CA 91125 USA Yonsei Univ Int Campus Inst Convergence Res & Educ Adv Technol I CREATE Incheon 21983 South Korea

Wastewater electrolysis cells (WECs) for decentralized wastewater treatment/reuse coupled with H-2 production can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation of water, waste, and energy carrier. This study reports Ir-doped NiFe2O4 (NFI, similar to 5 at% Ir) spinel layer with TiO2 overlayer (NFI/TiO2), as a scalable heterojunction anode for direct electrolysis of wastewater with circumneutral pH in a single-compartment cell. In dilute (0.1 M) NaCl solutions, the NFI/TiO2 marks superior activity and selectivity for chlorine evolution reaction, outperforming the benchmark IrO2. Robust operation in near-neutral pH was confirmed. Electroanalyses including operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveiled crucial roles of TiO2 which serves both as the primary site for Cl- chemisorption and a protective layer for NFI as an ohmic contact. Galvanostatic electrolysis of NH4+-laden synthetic wastewater demonstrated that NFI/TiO2 not only achieves quasi-stoichiometric NH4+-to-N-2 conversion, but also enhances H-2 generation efficiency with minimal competing reactions such as reduction of dissolved oxygen and reactive chlorine. The scaled-up WEC with NFI/TiO2 was demonstrated for electrolysis of toilet wastewater.

关键词： Wastewater electrolysis cell Ir-doped NiFe2O4 Reactive chlorine species Decentralized H-2 production On-site wastewater treatment

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Warming hiatus-and evergreen conifers in Altay-Sayan Region,Siberia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第12期15卷 2579-2589页

作者： Viacheslav I.KHARUK sergei T.im Il'ya A.PETROV Sukachev Institute of Forest Federal Scientific CenterRussian Academy of ScienceSiberian BranchAcademgorodok 50/28Krasnoyarsk660036Russia Siberian Federal University Suobodny str.79Krasnoyarsk 660041Russia Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsky rabochy str.31Krasnoyarsk 660014Russia

"Warming hiatus" occurred in the AltaySayan Mountain Region, Siberia in c. 1997–2014. We analyzed evergreen conifer(EGC) stands area(satellite data) and trees(Siberian pine, Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Siberian fir, Abies sibirica Ledeb.) growth increment(dendrochronology data) response to climate variables before and during the hiatus. During the hiatus, EGC area increased in the highlands(>1000 m)(+30%), whereas at low and middle elevations(imate variables switch after breakpoint year(1983). Before breakpoint, June air temperature(positive correlation) and moisture(negative correlations) controlled GI. Further temperature increase leads GI depression and switched correlation signs

关键词： Growth increment Warming hiatus Warming impact Conifer decline Tree growth Tree mortality Conifer mortality Water stress

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Tree wave migration across an elevation gradient in the Altai Mountains,Siberia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第3期14卷 442-452页

作者： Viacheslav I.KHARUK sergei T.im Maria L.DVINSKAYA Kenneth J.RANSON Il'ya A.PETROV Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS KrasnoyarskRussia Siberian Federal University KrasnoyarskRussia M.F.Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University KrasnoyarskRussia NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMarylandUSA

The phenomenon of tree waves （hedges and ribbons） formation within the alpine ecotone in Altai Mountains and its response to observed air temperature increase was considered. At the upper limit of tree growth Siberian pine （Pinus sibirica） forms hedges on windward slopes and ribbons on the leeward ones. Hedges were formed by prevailing winds and oriented along winds direction. Ribbons were formed by snow blowing and accumulating on the leeward slope and perpendicular to the prevailing winds, as well as to the elevation gradient. Hedges were always linked with microtopography features, whereas ribbons were not. Trees are migrating upward by waves and new ribbons and hedges are forming at or near tree line, whereas at lower elevations ribbons and hedges are being transformed into dosed forests. Time series of high-resolution satellite scenes （from 1968 to 2OLO） indicated an upslope shift in the position ribbons averaged 155＋26 m （or 3-7 m yr^-1） and crown closure increased （about 35%-90%）. The hedges advance was limited by poor regeneration establishment and was negligible. Regeneration within the ribbon zone was approximately 2.5 times （5060 vs 2120 ha^-1） higher then within the hedges zone. During the last four decades, Siberian pine in both hedges and ribbons strongly increased its growth increment, and recent tree growth rate for 50 year-old trees was about twice higher than those recorded for similarly-aged trees at the beginning of the 20^th century. Hedges and ribbons are phenomena that are widespread within the southern and northern Siberian Mountains.

关键词： Ribbon forest Hedges Siberian forests Alpine treeline Tree waves Siberian pine Altaimountains

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Stochastic structural optimization using particle swarm optimization, surrogate models and Bayesian statistics

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2013年第1期26卷 112-121页

作者： Jongbin im Jungsun Park Korea Aerospace Research Institute Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Korea Aerospace University

This paper focuses on a method to solve structural optimization problems using particle swarm optimization （PSO）, surrogate models and Bayesian statistics. PSO is a random/stochastic search algorithm designed to find the global optimum. However, PSO needs many evaluations compared to gradient-based optimization. This means PSO increases the analysis costs of structural optimization. One of the methods to reduce computing costs in stochastic optimization is to use approximation techniques. In this work, surrogate models are used, including the response surface method （RSM） and Kriging. When surrogate models are used, there are some errors between exact values and approximated values. These errors decrease the reliability of the optimum values and discard the realistic approximation of using surrogate models. In this paper, Bayesian statistics is used to obtain more reliable results. To verify and confirm the efficiency of the proposed method using surrogate models and Bayesian statistics for stochastic structural optimization, two numerical examples are optimized, and the optimization of a hub sleeve is demonstrated as a practical problem.

关键词： Bayesian statistics Kriging Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Response surface method (RSM)

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