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Are TrkB receptor agonists the right tool to fulfill the promises for a therapeutic value of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 29-34页

作者： Marta Zagrebelsky martin Korte Division of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological InstituteTU BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research AG NINDBraunschweigGermany

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling via its receptor tro pomyosin receptor kinase B regulates several crucial physiological *** has been shown to act in the brain,promoting neuronal survival,growth,and plasticity as well as in the rest of the body where it is involved in regulating for instance aspects of the *** to its crucial and very pleiotro pic activity,reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and alterations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling have been found to be associated with a wide spectrum of neurological *** r,because of its poor bioavailability and pharmacological properties,brain-derived neurotrophic factor itself has a very low therapeutic ***,the concomitant binding of exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor to the p75 neurotrophin receptor has the potential to elicit several unwanted and deleterious side *** re,developing tools and approaches to specifically promote tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling has become an important goal of translational *** the newly developed tools are different categories of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist *** this review,we give a comprehensive description of the diffe rent tro pomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist drugs developed so far and of the res ults of their application in animal models of several neurological ***,we discuss the main benefits of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonists,concentrating especially on the new tropomyosin receptor kinase B agonist *** benefits observed both in vitro and in vivo upon application of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist drugs seem to predominantly depend on their general neuroprotective activity and their ability to promote neuronal ***,tro pomyosin receptor kinase B agonist antibodies have been shown to specifically bind the tropomyosin recepto

关键词： Alzheimer's disease brain-derived neurotrophic factor depression Parkinson's disease tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor

Invited Paper: The Audacity of Fiber-Wireless(FiWi) Networks: Revisited for Clouds and Cloudlets

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China Communications 2015年第8期12卷 33-45页

作者： martin Maier Bhaskar Prasad Rimal Optical Zeitgeist Laboratory

There is a growing awareness among industry players of reaping the benefits of mobile-cloud convergence by extending today's unmodified cloud to a decentralized two-level cloud-cloudlet architecture based on emerging mobile-edge computing(MEC) capabilities. In light of future 5G mobile networks moving toward decentralization based on cloudlets, intelligent base stations, and MEC, the inherent distributed processing and storage capabilities of radio-and-fiber(R&F) networks may be exploited for new applications, e.g., cognitive assistance, augmented reality, or cloud robotics. In this paper, we first revisit fiber-wireless(Fi Wi) networks in the context of conventional clouds and emerging cloudlets, thereby highlighting the limitations of conventional radio-overfiber(Ro F) networks such as China Mobile's centralized cloud radio access network(C-RAN) to meet the aforementioned trends. Furthermore, we pay close attention to the specific design challenges of data center networks and revisit our switchless arrayedwaveguide grating(AWG) based network with efficient support of east-west flows and enhanced scalability.

关键词： cloudlet computation offloading east-west flows intelligent base station mobile-cloud convergence mobile dataoffloading mobile-edge computing (MEC) scalability

LABELINGS OF TWO CLASSES OF PLANE GRAPHS

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 1993年第1期9卷 82-87页

作者： martin BACA Department of Mathematics Technical University KoJice Czechoslovakia

The paper describes magic labelings of type (1,1,1) for two classes of graphs, which are obtained by a combination of vertex, edge and face labelings.

关键词：平面图标号

Do animal eyespots really mimic eyes？

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 26-36页

作者： martin STEVENS Graeme D RUXTON Centre for Ecology & Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn TR10 9FE UK School of Biology University of St Andrews Dyers Brae House St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH UK

The diversity of anti-predator adaptations in the natural world has long been an active area of research in evolutionary and behavioural biology. A common visually-obvious feature found on prey are ＇eyespots＇, being approximately circular mark- ings often with concentric rings and conspicuous colours. These are found on a range of animals, especially adult and larval Lepidoptera and fish. One of the most widespread functions of eyespots seems to be to intimidate or startle predators： delaying, preventing or halting an attack. However, while the fact that they can influence predators in this way is tmcuntroversial, the mechanism（s） behind why they are effective is debated. Traditionally, they have been assumed to work by mimicking the eyes of the predator＇s own enemies, and much research in this field is conducted under the implicit or explicit assumption that this theory is correct. However, eyespots might work simply by being highly salient stimuli that promote sensory overload, biases, or neo- phobic reactions in predators. A range of recent studies has aimed to test these alternatives. Here, we critically evaluate this work and what it tells us about the mechanisms underlying eyespot function. We conclude that although eye mimicry is plausible, there remains a lack of evidence to support it and most observations are at least equally consistent with alternative mechanisms. Finally we also discuss how the debate can be resolved

关键词： Eyespots Predation Animal coloration Mimicry Warning signals

A LIOUVILLE THEOREM FOR STATIONARY INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS OF VON MISES TYPE

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2019年第1期39卷 1-10页

作者： martin FUCHS Jan MüLLER Fachbereich 6.1 Mathematik Universit?t des Saarlandes

We consider entire solutions u of the equations describing the stationary flow of a generalized Newtonian fluid in 2 D concentrating on the question, if a Liouville-type result holds in the sense that the boundedness of u implies its constancy. A positive answer is true for p-fluids in the case p > 1(including the classical Navier-Stokes system for the choice p = 2), and recently we established this Liouville property for the Prandtl-Eyring fluid model,for which the dissipative potential has nearly linear growth. Here we finally discuss the case of perfectly plastic fluids whose flow is governed by a von Mises-type stress-strain relation formally corresponding to the case p = 1. It turns out that, for dissipative potentials of linear growth, the condition of μ-ellipticity with exponent μ < 2 is sufficient for proving the Liouville theorem.

关键词： generalized Newtonian fluids perfectly plastic fluids von Mises flow Liouville theorem

Magnetic Properties of a Rare-Earth Antiferromagnetic Nanoparticle Investigated with a Quantum Simulation Model

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第6期28卷 251-254页

作者： LIU Zhao-Sen Sechovský Vladimir Diviš martin Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044 Department of Condensed Matter Physics Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityKe Karlovu 512116 Prague 2Czech Republic

A Usov-type quantum model based on a mean-field approximation is utilized to simulate the magnetic structure of an assumed rare-earth nanoparticle consisting of an antiferromagnetic core and a paramagnetic outer *** study the magnetic properties in the presence and absence of an external magnetic *** simulation results show that the magnetic moments in the core region orientate antiferromagnetically in zero external magnetic field;an applied magnetic field rotates all of the magnetic moments in the paramagnetic shell completely to the field direction,and turns those in the core(which tries to maintain its original antiferromagnetic structure)towards the orientation in some degree;and the paramagnetic shell does not have a strong influence on the magnetic configuration of the core.

关键词： field particle turns

Magnetic Orderings and Néel Temperature of TbNi2B2C

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第10期26卷 177-180页

作者：刘照森 Divis martin Sechovsky Vladimir Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 Department of Condensed Matter Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Ke Karlovu 5 121 16 Prague 2 Czech Republic

We employ a two-ion model to calculate the spontaneous magnetization and susceptibility of TbNi2B2C with the mean-field theory, and derive an analytic formula for the Néel temperature of the material with the perturbation theory. In both the cases, only the four lowest crystal-electric-field （CEF） states are taken into account as base functions. Our theoretical results are consistent with the experimental data, manifesting the strong effects of the low lying CEF states on the magnetic behaviors of the material and the suitability of the theoretical approach proposed here.

关键词： Condensed matter: electrical magnetic and optical

Negative Magnetoresistivity of ErBi and Its Crystal-Field Levels

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第1期26卷 268-271页

A theoretical approach is generalized and employed in this work to evaluate the magnetoresistivity of ErBi in external magnetic fields. The calculated results and theoretical analyses show that when an external magnetic field is applied in the z-direction, the magnetoresistivity can be reduced considerably due to the degeneracy lifting of the crystal-field levels. However, when the magnetic field is exerted along the x-axis, the magnetoresistivity will be increased because of the formations of new magnetic states of the Er ion and its transitions within and between these new states.

关键词： field emission molybdenum dioxide enhancement factor

Strength, deformability and permeability of kakiritic rocks from the Gotthard base tunnel

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第9期15卷 2224-2237页

作者： martin Vogelhuber Erich Pimentel Georgios Anagnostou ETH Zurich ZurichSwitzerland

The 57-km long,new Gotthard Base Tunnel(GBT)crosses over a 1.1-km long stretch containing kakirites,*** rocks which,depending on the degree of tectonisation,may exhibit severe squeezing behaviour upon tunnel *** tunnel stretch was already identified as a key problem in the early planning phase,necessitating intensive geological exploration and laboratory investigations over a 14-year period,including research and development in experimental *** laboratory investigations for the GBT provided not only a considerable amount of data about the geotechnical parameters of the kakirites,but also valuable information about their basic behaviour and the adequacy of various testing techniques for this type of ***,by using specially designed testing equipment and procedures,it was shown that,(1)conventional rock mechanics triaxial tests cannot provide reliable results for kakirites;(2)the kakirites obey the principle of effective stress in Terzaghi’s classical form and consequently it is indispensable to measure the pore pressure during triaxial testing,analogously to the consolidated drained(CD)and consolidated undrained(CU)tests in soil mechanics;(3)the effects of a possible loss of water and desaturation during sampling,transport,storage and preparation of specimens can be successfully mitigated by subjecting the specimens to flow-through before the actual triaxial testing;and,(4)CD tests on partially saturated specimens that are obtained by means of flow-through can provide reliable and reproducible *** saves a significant amount of time,allows a greater number of tests to be performed,and allows results to be obtained more quickly,which is particularly important for decision-making during tunnel advance.

关键词： Squeezing Pore pressure Triaxial testing