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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第4期30卷 376-389页

作者： Robert Blair Batric Pesic Jacob Kline ian Ehrsam Krishnan Raja Chemical and Materials Engineering University of IdahoMoscow ID 83844-3024 USA

Addition of glycerol as a viscosity modifier in concrete is proposed to decrease the permeability of corrosion- inducing ions such as chloride and sulfate. In addition to controlling the permeability of concrete, glycerol could perform as an inhibitor of corrosion of rebar steel. Cyclic polarization studies were carried out on metallographically polished rebar steel specimens in actual concrete solutions at two different pH conditions （pH 12,5 and 9.0） and different chloride concentrations. The threshold concentration of chloride for passivity breakdown at pH 12.5 was greater than 50 × 10-3 mol/L in the absence of glycerol addition. The threshold increased to 81 × 10-3 mol/L upon addition of 2 wt% glycerol. The threshold chloride concentration for passivity breakdown in pH 9.0 cement solution was 0.2 × 10-3 mol/L without glycerol addition. No beneficial effect of glycerol was observed in the low pH condition. However, glycerol enhanced the passivation kinetics of the rebar steel in saturated cement solution, but did not affect the electronic properties of the passive layer. The passive layers exhibited n-type semiconductivity with a charge carrier density in the range of 2-7.5× 10^20 cm-3. Polarization of the specimens to potentials is higher than oxygen evolution potential, resulted in transition top-type semiconducting character due to an accumulation of holes. This phenomenon could be related to the passivity breakdown.

关键词： Corrosion Passive film Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)

A CASE FOR ASSESSING ALLOCASUARINA AND CASUARINA *** USE IN AGROECOSYSTEM IMPROVEMENT IN SEMI-ARID AREAS WITH A FOCUS ON CENTRAL ANATOLIA,TURKEY

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第4期8卷 568-582页

作者： ian T.RILEY Department of Plant Production and Technologies Faculty of Agricultural Science and TechnologiesNi?de Omer Halisdemir UniversityNigde 51240Turkey

Agroecosystems in water-limited contexts—Mediterranean,semi-arid and arid climatic zones—are too frequently degraded systems that will not provide the needed ecosystem services to ensure a future of sustainable agricultural *** processes that have created this situation continue and are being accelerated by anthropogenic climate *** arboreal vegetation in these areas through agroforestry is an important strategy to conserve and improve their *** trees and shrubs in the Casuarinaceae have a unique set of adaptations for heat and water stress,and/or infertile to hostile *** Anatolia,Turkey is particularly at risk of increasing aridity and further ***,species of Allocasuarina and Casuarina have been evaluated for their potential use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus on Central *** on a semiquantitative environmental tolerance index and reported plant stature,eight species were identified as being of high(*** and ***)to moderate(***,***,***,***,*** and ***)priority for assessment,with none of these species having been adequately evaluated for agroforestry deployment in semi-arid agroecosystems in any context.

关键词： actinorhizal trees agroforestry climate change ecosystem restoration

Barriers that practitioners face when initiating insulin therapy in general practice settings and how they can be overcome

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第1期8卷 28-39页

作者： Abdulaziz Bin rsheed ian Chenoweth Department of Family and Community Medicine Prince Sultan Military Medical City Department of General Practice School of Primary Health Care Faculty of MedicineNursing and Health Sciences Monash University

AIM To explore primary care physicians' perspectives on possible barriers to the use of *** This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eight electronic databases were searched(between January 1, 1994 and August 31, 2014) for relevant studies. A search for grey literature and a review of the references in the retrieved studies were also conducted. Studies that focused on healthcare providers' perspectives on possible barriers to insulin initiation with type 2 diabetic patients were included, as well as articles suggesting solutions for these barriers. Review articles and studies that only considered patients' perspectives were excluded. RESULTS A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria and were therefore included in this study: 10 of these studies used qualitative methods, 8 used quantitative methods and 1 used mixed methods. Studies included a range of different health care settings. The findings are reported under four broad categories: The perceptions of primary care physicians about the barriers to initiate insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes patients, how primary care physicians assess patients prior to initiating insulin, professional roles and possible solutions to overcome these barriers. The barriers described were many and covered doctor, patient, system and technological aspects. Interventions that focused on doctor training and support, or IT-based decision support were few, and did not result in significant improvement. CONCLUSION Primary care physicians' known delay in insulin initiation is multifactorial. Published reports of attempts to find solutions for these barriers were limited in number.

关键词： Diabetes Insulin Initiation Delay Barriers Primary care physicians

The role of functional materials to produce high areal capacity lithium sulfur battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第3期29卷 195-209页

作者： Masud Rana Bin Luo Mohammad Rejaul Kaiser ian Gentle Ruth Knibbe Materials Engineering School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland QLDSt Lucia 4072Australia School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization(CSIRO) Manufacturing Business Unit36 Bradfield RoadLindfieldNSW 2070Australia

The lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs) are considered as one of the promising next generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity of sulfur(1675 m Ah g-1), naturally available, low ***, the practical LSBs are impeded by the well-known "shuttle effect" combined with other technical drawbacks. The "shuttle effect" causes rapid capacity decay, severe self-discharging and low active material utilization. The polysulfide(PS) which has lone pair electrons in each sulfur atom is considered as Lewis base and shows strong affinity to various polar, Lewis acid and catenation interactive materials but very weakly interacts with the non-polar conductive carbons. The "shuttle effect" occurs due to the diffusion of high order PS from the cathode to the anode and then low-order PS back to the cathode. The PS is polar and, due to a lone pair of electrons associated with the sulfur atom, is considered a Lewis base. As such, the PS shows a strong affinity with various polar and Lewis acid materials. In addition, a more novel trapping can be performance through a catenation reaction. For LSBs to compete with the state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries(LIBs), the LSB areal capacity need to be ~6 m Ah cm-2(which is proportional to sulfur loading). To achieve this target the PS shuttling needs to mitigate, which can be achieved through using functional materials. This review addresses the aforementioned phenomena by considering the PS phase interacts with the various functional materials and how this impacts areal capacity and cycling stability of LSBs.

关键词： Sulfur loading Specific capacity Areal capacity Polysulfides Chemical interaction

Body image in paediatric burns: a review

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Burns & Trauma 2018年第2期6卷 93-98页

作者： ian C.C.King Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery St George's HospitalTootingLondon SW170QTUK

Burn injuries in children can result in life-long disfigurement. As medical and surgical techniques of burn management improve survival prospects more than ever before, body image adjustment is increasingly a central consideration in the care of burn-injured individuals. An appreciation that both physiological and psychosocial processes underpin such injuries is key to understanding wound healing. Perceptions of idealized body images in Western society challenge children and their families as they grow up with and adapt to disfigurement from burns. Whilst many studies have examined the psychosocial recovery of adults with burn injuries, few have considered the impact on burn-injured children. This paper explores the models of body image and discusses the relevance of these to research and practice in understanding how to manage burns in children.

关键词： Burns Body image Children Paediatric burns Wound healing

Nitric oxide: orchestrating hypoxia regulation through mitochondrial respiration and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response

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Cell Research 2005年第1期15卷 63-65页

作者： ian G. CHARLES,Salvador MONCADA Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research University College London The Cruciform Building Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research University College London The Cruciform Building Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK

Mitochondria have long been considered to be the powerhouse of the living cell, generating energy in the form of the molecule ATP via the process of oxidative phosphorylation. In the past 20 years, it has been recognised that they also play an important role in the implementation of apoptosis, or programmed cell death. More recently it has become evident that mitochondria also participate in the orchestration of cellular defence *** physiological concentrations, the gaseous molecule nitric oxide (NO) inhibits the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) in competition with oxygen. This interaction underlies the mitochondrial actions of NO, which range from the physiologi- cal regulation of cell respiration, through mitochondrial signalling, to the development of “metabolic hypoxia” – a situation in which, although oxygen is available, the cell is unable to utilise it.

关键词： nitric oxide hypoxia mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Protein Complexes Implicated in RNA Editing in Plant Organelles

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Molecular Plant 2017年第10期10卷 1255-1257页

作者： Bernard Gutmann Santana Royan ian Small ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia

Even after 30 years of active research, RNA editing in plant organelles remains an enigma. Why do most plants post- transcriptionally alter hundreds or thousands of nucleotides in organellar transcripts？ How do they achieve such an effective and targeted process？ What is known is that in almost all plants, RNA editing is essential for correct synthesis of the photosynthetic and respiratory machinery in mitochondria and chloroplasts. The sites to be edited are defined by a large class of sequence-specific RNA binding proteins： pentatricopeptide repeat （PPR） proteins （Barkan and Small, 2014）. However, genetic and biochemical evidence has long suggested that other factors must be involved too. Two recent papers in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA provide exciting new evidence for protein complexes implicated in RNA editing using known mitochondrial or piastid PPR editing factors as bait in pull-down assays （Andres-Colás et al., 2017; Guillaumot et al., 2017）.

关键词： PENTATRICOPEPTIDE REPEAT PROTEINS MITOCHONDRIA PLASTIDS

Genome and metabolic engineering in non-conventional yeasts:Current advances and applications

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2017年第3期2卷 198-207页

作者： Ann-Kathrin Lobs Cory Schwartz ian Wheeldon Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering UC RiversideRiversideUSA

Microbial production of chemicals and proteins from biomass-derived andwaste sugar streams is a rapidly growing area of research and *** the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent host for the conversion of glucose to ethanol,production of other chemicals from alternative substrates often requires extensive strain *** avoid complex and intensive engineering of ***,other yeasts are often selected as hosts for bioprocessing based on their natural capacity to produce a desired product:for example,the efficient production and secretion of proteins,lipids,and primary metabolites that have value as commodity *** when using yeasts with beneficial native phenotypes,metabolic engineering to increase yield,titer,and production rate is *** non-conventional yeasts Kluyveromyces lactis,***,Scheffersomyces stipitis,Yarrowia lipolytica,Hansenula polymorpha and Pichia pastoris have been developed as eukaryotic hosts because of their desirable phenotypes,including thermotolerance,assimilation of diverse carbon sources,and high protein ***,advanced metabolic engineering in these yeasts has been *** review outlines the challenges of using non-conventional yeasts for strain and pathway engineering,and discusses the developed solutions to these problems and the resulting applications in industrial biotechnology.

关键词： CRISPR-Cas9 Kluyveromyces lactis Kluyveromyces marxianus Scheffersomyces stipitis Yarrowia lipolytica Hansenula polymorpha Pichia pastoris

Construction and Production of FluorescentPapillom avirus-like Particles

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 1999年第3期19卷 170-174,180页

作者： PENG Shiwen ZHOU Jian ian H Frazer Department of Pediatrics Xiehe HospitalTongji Medical UniversityWuhan 430022 Center for Immunology and Cancer Research University of QueenslandPrincess Alexandra HospitalWoolloongabbaQld4102Australia

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria has attracted widespread interest since it was demonstrated to be fluorescent in vivo when expressed in other organisms. In order to investigate papillomavirus life cycle which hampered by the unavailability of conventional cell culture system, we constructed a chimeric bovine papillomavirus (BPV) type 1 virus like particles (VLPs) containing GFP. It was found that fluorescent VLPs could be assembled from L2 protein in which GFP is inserted into the N terminal region of L2 (aa 88). The fluorescent VLPs could also be assembled from a GFP/L2 fusion protein in which part of the L2 sequence had been deleted. In vitro , fluorescent VLPs could bind to CV 1 cells, and this VLP/cell interaction could be analyzed by FACS assay. These results demonstrated that GFP could incorporate into BPV1 VLPs without disruption of the VLP structure. Fluorescent VLPs might be a useful tool for study of papillomavirus virus/cell interaction.

关键词： papillomavirus \ virus like particles \ green fluorescent protein

Integration of Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Clinical Practice(Patient Care):Past,Present,and A Proposed Model for the Future

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013年第2期19卷 83-85页

作者： ian Tsang Simon Huang Barry Koehler Division of Rheumatology Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada

Historic Background Chinese medicine （CM） has over 2,000 years of history in China and was the only health care system providing care for Chinese prior to the introduction of Western medicine （WM） into China. WM was slowly introduced into China by missionaries from the middle 17th century to the beginning of the 19th century. By 1840, WM began to take root in China. Western hospitals, clinics, medical schools and nursing schools spread rapidly throughout the country. At that time, with the might and power portrayed by Western countries,

关键词： Patient Care Past,Present,and A Proposed Model for the Future WM