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Comparison of visual acuity outcomes between ranibizumab and bevacizumab treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2011年第1期4卷 85-88页

作者： ian J Constable ian l mcallister Timothy Isaacs lions Eye Institute Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia

AIM: To compare visual acuity (VA) outcomes between intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and ranibizumab in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: We conducted a consecutive, retrospective case series study in patients with newly diagnosed all type choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to AMD who received an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.25mg) or ranibizumab (0.3mg) at lions Eye Institute, Western Australia from Mar. 2006 to May 2008. All patients received injection at baseline with additional monthly injections given at the discretion of the treating physician. Main outcome measures were changes in VA. RESUlTS: There were 371 consecutive patients received injection at least in one eye with at least 6 months of follow up (median of 12.0 months). Bevacizumab treatment prevented 221 out of 278 (79.5%) patient from losing letters in VA compared with 79 out of 93 (84.9%) of ranibizumab treated patients (P=0.25). While 68 (24.5%) of bevacizumab treated patients gained 15 letters of VA compared with 24 (25.8%) of ranibizumab treated patients (P=0.79). 75.3% and 66.2% patients benefited from ranibizumab and bevacizumab respectively with final VA better than 6/60 (P=0.10). Multivariate analysis showed that pre-treatment VA was negatively associated with benefit outcome. Assignment of injection was not associated with VA outcome of benefit after adjusting the covariate (P=0.857). CONClUSION: There are no difference in treatment efficacy in terms of VA between bevacizumab and ranibizumab in routine clinical condition.

关键词： age-related macular degeneration anti-VEGF bevacizumab ranibizumab choroidal neovascularization

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A seed and soil model of loneliness in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2575-2576页

作者： Hannah l.Apostolou ian M.McDonough Department of Psychology The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaALUSA Department of Psychology Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonNYUSA

loneliness is classically defined as a result of perceiving a discrepancy between the desired quantity and quality of one's social life and actual social relationships(Perlman and Peplau,1984).lifespan research has indicated older adults are among the highest risk for experiencing loneliness because their social network size decreases more frequently than that of younger adults.

关键词： Alzheimer younger soil

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Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis: A case-based review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第44期12卷 7197-7202页

作者： S ian Gan Alun l Edwards Christopher J Symonds Paul l Beck Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology Foothills Hospital University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada

Hypertriglyceridemia is an established cause of pancreatitis. In a case-based approach, we present a review of hypertriglyceridemJa and how it can cause pancreatitis. We outline how to investigate and manage such patients. A 35 year old man presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and biochemical evidence of acute pancreatitis. There was no history of alcohol consumption and biliary imaging was normal. The only relevant past medical history was that of mild hyperlipidemia, treated with diet alone. Physical exam revealed epigastric tenderness, right lateral rectus palsy, lipemia retinalis, bitemporal hemianopsia and a delay in the relaxation phase of his ankle reflexes. Subsequent laboratory investigation revealed marked hypertriglyceridemia and panhypopituarism. An enhanced CT scan of the head revealed a large suprasellar mass impinging on the optic chiasm and hypothalamus. The patient was treated supportively; thyroid replacement and lipid lowering agents were started. He underwent a successful resection of a craniopharyngioma. Postoperatively, the patient did well on hormone replacement therapy. He has had no further attacks of pancreatitis. This case highlights many of the factors involved in the regulation of triglyceride metabolism. We review the common causes of hypertriglyceridemia and the proposed mechanisms resulting in pancreatitis. The incidence and management of hypertriglyceridemiainduced pancreatitis are also discussed.

关键词： Hypertriglyceridemia Pancreatitis Hyperlipidemia

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Analysis of spontaneous adverse drug reactions to echinacea, valerian,black cohosh and ginkgo in Australia from 2000 to 2015

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第5期17卷 338-343页

作者： Claire l.Hoban Roger W.Byard ian F.Musgrave Discipline of Pharmacology The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

Objective: Assessing adverse drug reactions(ADRs) is a proven method to estimate the safety of medicines. The ADRs to herbal medicines in Australia(and by inference, the safety of herbal medicines in Australia) remain unknown. This study examines spontaneous ADR cases to four of the most popular herbs in Australia from 2000 to 2015: echinacea(Echinacea purpurea), valerian(Valeriana officinalis), black cohosh(Actaea racemosa) and ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba).Methods: ADRs of echinacea, valerian, black cohosh and ginkgo reported to the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration(TGA) between 2000 and 2015 were obtained from the TGA database. Data were collated and analysed according to age, sex, severity, type of ADR and body system affected. Statistics were calculated using Graph Pad Prism ***: Most ADRs were mild or moderate. However, every herbal medicine was associated with lifethreatening ADRs. In each life-threatening case, the herbal medicine was taken concomitantly with prescription medications. Black cohosh was associated with a significant number of severe ADRs(30.3% of the total), with 39.4% of these ADRs being associated with abnormal hepatic function, hepatitis or ***: This study highlights the lack of public awareness with regard to herb–drug interactions,since most of the severe ADRs involved a herb–drug interaction.

关键词： Herbal medicine Adverse drug reaction Actaea racemosa Echinacea purpurea Ginkgo biloba Valeriana officinalis

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Fluctuating resources,disturbance and plant strategies:diverse mechanisms underlying plant invasions

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Journal of Arid land 2013年第3期5卷 284-297页

作者： ian J RADFORD CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems Davies LaboratoryPrivate Mailbag POAitkenvale 4814Australia Botany Department University of OtagoPO Box 56Dunedin 9054New Zealand

This paper examines the hypothesis that non-native plant invasions are related to fluctuating resource availability as proposed by Davis et al. （2000）. I measured relative functional responses of both invasive and native plants to changed resource availability due to nutrient enrichment and rainfall, and to increased disturbance. Data are presented from studies in two contrasting ecosystems. First is a series of glasshouse and field experiments on the invader Hieracium lepidulum and associated invasive and native species in subalpine temperate New Zealand. Second is a field study of invasive and native plant responses to altered disturbance regimes and rainfall from tropical savannas of north eastern Australia. Invaders responded differently from native species to changes in resource availability in both subalpine and tropical studies. However, invaders differed among themselves showing that different species exploit different functional niches to invade their respective habitats. These findings contribute to the contention that the fluctuating resource hypothesis does not provide a universal explanation for plant invasions. The diverse functional responses to increased resource availability among invaders in this and previous studies suggest that the cause of invasion depends on unique combinations of habitat and functional attributes of invaders and native assemblages. Such findings imply that universal predictions of what will happen under climate change scenarios across the globe will be difficult to make.

关键词： plant invasion plant strategies C-S-R triangle fluctuating resources disturbance

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Abiotic predictors of fine sediment accumulation in lowland rivers

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第1期37卷 128-137页

作者： Morwenn McKenzie Judy England ian D.l.Foster Martin A.Wilkes Geography and Environment Loughborough University Centre for Agroecology Water & Resilience Coventry University Research Environment Agency Howbery Park Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Northampton Learning Hub University Drive Geography Department Rhodes University

The delivery of excessive fine sediment (particles<2 mm in diameter) to rivers can cause serious deleterious effects to aquatic ecosystems and is widely acknowledged to be one of the leading contributors to the degrad... 详细信息

The delivery of excessive fine sediment (particlesleterious effects to aquatic ecosystems and is widely acknowledged to be one of the leading contributors to the degradation of rivers *** advances in using biological methods as a proxy,physical measures remain an important method through which fine sediment can be *** aim of this study was to provide further insights into the environmental variables controlling sediment accumulation in lowland gravel bed *** sampled 21 sites,during spring and autumn,selected to cover a gradient of excess fine *** sediment was sampled using a range of methods including visual assessments,the disturbance method,and suspended sediment concentrations.A range of abiotic predictors was measured during sampling,and hydrological and antecedent flow indices were derived from local flow gauging station *** results show reach scale visual estimates of fine sediment to be significantly and highly correlated with fully quantitative estimates of total surface *** regression analysis showed that flow variables (regime,antecedent,and local flow characteristics)were strong predictors of deposited sediment metrics but poor predictors of suspended *** content was shown to be relatively independent of total sediment quantity and is likely driven by other factors which influence the supply and breakdown of organic matter.

关键词： Deposited sediment Suspended sediment Visual assessments Disturbance Sediment sampling

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Biotoxicity evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles on bacterial performance of activated sludge at COD,nitrogen,and phosphorus reduction

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第2期16卷 51-62页

作者： Hasti Daraei Kimia Toolabian ian Thompson Guanglei Qiu Environmental Health Engineering Research Center Kerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Faculty of Public HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran Faculty of Agriculture and natural resources Lorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PJUK School of Environment and Energy South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

The unique properties and growing usage of zinc oxide nanoparticles increase their release in municipal wastewater treatment ***,these nanoparticles,by interacting with microorganisms,can fail the suitable functioning of biological systems in treatment *** this reason,research into the toxicity of ZnO is *** the present study,the toxicity mechanism of ZnO-NPs towards microbial communities central to granular activated sludge(GAS)performance was assessed over 120-day *** results demonstrate that the biotoxicity of ZnO-NPs is dependent upon its dosage,exposure time,and the extent of reactive oxygen species(ROS)***,GAS performance and the extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)content were significantly reduced at 50 mg/l *** exposure led to decreases in the activity of ammonia monooxygenase(25.2%)and nitrate reductase(11.9%)*** Field emission scanning electron microscopy images confirmed that ZnO-NPs were able to disrupt the cell membrane integrity and lead to cell/bacterial death via intracellular ROS generation which was confirmed by the Confocal laser Scanning Microscopy *** exposure to the NPs,the bacterial community composition shifted to one dominated by Gram-positive *** results of this study could help to develop environmental standards and regulations for NPs applications and emissions.

关键词： Granular sludge Biotoxicity Reactive oxygen species Extracellular polymeric substances

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A novel photographic approach for monitoring the structural heterogeneity and diversity of grassland ecosystems

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第6期7卷 518-525页

作者： Raphaël Proulx Irene T.Roca Felipe S.Cuadra ian Seiferling Christian Wirth Chaire UQTR en Biologie Systémique de la Conservation Universitédu QuébecàTrois-Rivières3351 Des ForgesTrois-RivièresQuebec G9A 5H7Canada Department of Special Botany and Functional Biodiversity Research Institute of Biology IUniversity of LeipzigJohannisallee 21-2304103 LeipzigGermany

Aims Studies that investigate the space-filling heterogeneity of biological struc-tures in plant communities remain *** main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between newly developed photo-graphic measures of structural heterogeneity in digital images and plant species composition in the context of a long-term grassland *** We tested a close-range photographic protocol using measures of structural heterogeneity in gray-tone images,namely mean infor-mation gain(MIG)and spatial anisotropy,to assess differences in the compositional(species richness)and functional characteristics(plant height and flowering)of 78 managed grassland *** also implemented a random placement model of community assembly to explore the links between our measures of structural complexity and the geometric pattern of plant *** Findings MIG and spatial anisotropy correlated with the growth and species richness of grassland *** showed that struc-tural heterogeneity in gray-tone digital images is a function of the size distribution and orientation pattern of plant *** easy,fast and non-destructive methodological approach could eventually serve to monitor the diversity and integrity of various ecosystems at different resolutions across space and time.

关键词： biodiversity photography ecosystem integrity texture random placement model

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Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria are structured by geography in biological soil crusts across North American arid lands

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 98-107页

作者： Yevgeniy Marusenko Scott T Bates ian Anderson Shannon l Johnson Tanya Soule Ferran Garcia-Pichel School of life Sciences Arizona State UniversityP.O.Box 874501TempeAZ 85287-4501USA Cooperative Institute for Researchin Environmental Sciences University of ColoradoBoulderCO80309USA Bioscience Division B-11Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA Department of Biology Indiana University-Purdue UniversityFort WayneINUSA

Introduction:Biological soil crusts(BSCs)can dominate surface cover in dry lands worldwide,playing an integral role in arid land biogeochemistry,particularly in N fertilization through fixation and *** is a characteristic and universal N transformation in BSCs that becomes important for the export of N beyond the microscopic bounds of the crust *** contribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)in BSCs has been shown,but the role and extent of the recently discovered ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)have ***:We sampled various types of crusts in four desert regions across the western United States and characterized the composition and size of ammonia-oxidizing communities using clone libraries and quantitative PCR targeting the amoA gene,which codes for the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme,universally present in ammonia-oxidizing ***:All archaeal amoA sequences retrieved from BSCs belonged to the Thaumarchaeota(Nitrososphaera associated Group I.1b).Sequences from the Sonoran Desert,Colorado Plateau,and Great Basin were indistinguishable from each other but distinct from those of the Chihuahuan *** on amoA gene abundances,archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers were ubiquitous in our survey,but the ratios of archaeal to bacterial ammonia oxidizers shifted from bacterially dominated in northern,cooler deserts to archaeally dominated in southern,warmer ***:Archaea are shown to be potentially important biogeochemical agents of biological soil crust N *** associated with different types of BSCs and biogeographical factors reveal a niche differentiation between AOA and AOB,possibly driven by temperature.

关键词： Biological soil crust Desert Arid amoA Ammonia oxidation Nitrification Nitrogen cycle Thaumarchaeota

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Capturing the value of biosurveillance“big data”through natural capital accounting

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Big Earth Data 2021年第3期5卷 352-367页

作者： David Castle Paul D.N.Hebert Elizabeth l.Clare ian D.Hogg Crystal Tremblay School Public Administration and Gustavason School of Business University of VictoriaCanada Centre for Biodiversity Genomics University of GuelphGuelphCanada Ecology and Evolutionary Biology York UniversityTorontoCanada Ecosystem Science Polar Knowledge CanadaOttawa and Cambridge BayCanada Department of Geography University of VictoriaCanada

Global biodiversity is in *** of the scale and pace of biodiversity loss is leading to rapid technological development in biodiversity science to identify species,their interactions,and eco-system *** and international policy developments to stimulate mitigation and remediation actions are escalating to meet the biodiversity *** can take advantage of biosurveil-lance“big data”as evidence for more sweeping and impactful policy *** critical factor is translating biosurveillance data into the value-based frameworks underpinning new policy *** approach to this integration process,using natural capital accounting frameworks is developed.

关键词： Biodiversity biosurveillance big data SDGs policy natural capital accounting digital twins modelling

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