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Impact of interfacial tension on oil-water flow in a narrow gap

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Petroleum Research 2024年第2期9卷 219-227页

作者： Salim Raza ian d.Gates Saira Sherin University of Engineering and Technology PeshawarPakistan department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Schulich School of EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCanada

Numerous researchers have examined the co-current flow of oil-water and aqueous solutions containing polymers and surfactants in thin gaps for oil *** some have focused on charges and forces at the interfaces of oil-surfactant solutions during *** study of flow structures,interface behavior,and relative permeabilities of oil and aqueous phases of surfactant flow through thin gaps has been less *** the first time,this research aims to comprehensively investigate the flow of oil-water and oil-surfactant solutions through a thin gap(Hele-Shaw cell)with a particular focus on the impact of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SdS).The experiments reveal that SdS forms an emulsion near the oil-water interface,capturing oil droplets and enabling their flow along with the SdS *** studies confirm this,showing that when SdS contacts oil,it creates channels through the oil phase,leading to the accumulation and division of oil into small round-shaped droplets,resulting in an oil-in-water *** addition of SdS to the injecting water significantly enhances relative permeabilities,leading to a remarkable 90%increase in oil recovery from the *** research suggests that the optimal SdS concentration range for maximum oil recovery is between 1.5 and 2 wt%,as it achieves the minimum interfacial tension between oil and water.

关键词： Surfactant Co-current flow Narrow gap Interface interactions Relative permeability

Considerations for exerkine research focusing on the response to exercise training

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 130-132页

作者： ian A.J.darragh Brendan Egan School of Health and Human Performance Dublin City UniversityGlasnevinDublin D09 V209Ireland Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition PensacolaFL 32502USA

García-Hermoso and colleagues1 recently published a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on exercise training-induced changes in exerkine concentrations in type 2diabetes mellitus patients,providing a contemporary view on how exerkines respond to exercise *** review prompted us to highlight 2 additional considerations that should be taken into account when studying the response of exerkines to exercise ***,whether exerkines can exhibit discordant responses to acute exercise compared to exercise training,and secondly,the need to consider the residual effects of the most recent exercise bout.

关键词： acute exercise prompt

Health economics for intra-capsular hip fractures undertaking fixation

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期15卷 30-38页

作者： Anatole Wiik Thomas Ashdown ian Holloway department of Surgery Trauma and OrthopaedicsLondon North West University HealthcareLondon HA13UJUnited Kingdom department of Surgery Trauma and OrthopaedicsLondon North West University HospitalLondon HA13UJUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUNd Hip fracture is a common musculoskeletal injury in the elderly requiring surgery *** operative mainstay of intra-capsular hip fractures is arthroplasty with a smaller proportion for *** To determine the most beneficial method of fixation for patients with intracapsular hip *** A registered audit from 2012-2018 was conducted on all intra-capsular hip fractures treated with 2 commonly used fixation *** notes,electronic records and clinical codes for cost benefit were evaluated.A validated quality of life measure was collected at least 1 year after *** A total of 83 patients were identified with intra-capsular fractures undergoing fixation during the retrospective *** were 47 cannulated cancellous screw and 36 sliding hip screw fixations with the case mix comparable for age,gender,co-morbidities and fracture *** was no significant difference in blood loss,tip apex distance,radiation exposure,length of stay,radiological union time,collapse,avascular necrosis or re-operation between fixation *** regression analysis demonstrated displaced intracapsular hip fractures correlated significantly with an undesirable outcome conferring a relative odds ratio of *** were 9(19%)and 4(11%)patients respectively,who required *** was no significant difference in health resource group tariff and implant cost with comparable EQ-5d and visual CONCLUSION No significant advantage was identified with differing fixation type,but irrespective there were a high number of patients requiring *** was predicted by initial fracture displacement and patient *** may need to be carefully considered for health economics and patient benefit.

关键词： Hip fracture Fixation Patient reported outcome measure Cost

Quantum state tomography from observable time traces in closed quantum systems

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第2期22卷 222-234页

作者： Shuixin Xiao Yuanlong Wang Qi Yu Jun Zhang daoyi dong ian R.Petersen University of Michigan–Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China School of Engineering The Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology(Australian Research Council) Centre for Quantum DynamicsGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD4111Australia School of Engineering and Technology University of New South WalesCanberraACT2600Australia

The task to estimate all the parameters of an unknown quantum state, also called quantum state tomography, is essential for characterizing and controlling quantum systems. In this paper, we utilize observable time traces to identify the initial quantum state of a closed quantum system, based on the state space approach in the control theory. In the informationally complete scenario, we show that with a linear regression estimation (LRE), the mean squared error (MSE) scales as , where N is the resource number. In the informationally incomplete scenario, we introduce regularization LRE to perform the state tomography task. We employ PBH test to demonstrate that closed quantum systems with only one observable are informationally incomplete and propose using observables, where d is the dimension of the quantum state, for informational completeness. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

关键词： Quantum state tomography Time trace Quantum system identification

Advancing Wound Filling Extraction on 3d Faces:An Auto-Segmentation and Wound Face Regeneration Approach

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 2197-2214页

作者： duong Q.Nguyen Thinh d.Le Phuong d.Nguyen Nga T.K.Le H.Nguyen-Xuan department of Mathematics and Statistics Quy Nhon UniversityQuy Nhon City55100Viet Nam Applied Research Institute for Science and Technology Quy Nhon UniversityQuy Nhon City55100Viet Nam CIRTECH Institute HUTECH UniversityHo Chi Minh City72308Viet Nam

Facial wound segmentation plays a crucial role in preoperative planning and optimizing patient outcomes in various medical *** this paper,we propose an efficient approach for automating 3d facial wound segmentation using a two-stream graph convolutional *** method leverages the Cir3d-FaIR dataset and addresses the challenge of data imbalance through extensive experimentation with different loss *** achieve accurate segmentation,we conducted thorough experiments and selected a high-performing model from the *** selectedmodel demonstrates exceptional segmentation performance for complex 3d facial ***,based on the segmentation model,we propose an improved approach for extracting 3d facial wound fillers and compare it to the results of the previous *** method achieved a remarkable accuracy of 0.9999993% on the test suite,surpassing the performance of the previous *** this result,we use 3d printing technology to illustrate the shape of the wound *** outcomes of this study have significant implications for physicians involved in preoperative planning and intervention *** automating facial wound segmentation and improving the accuracy ofwound-filling extraction,our approach can assist in carefully assessing and optimizing interventions,leading to enhanced patient ***,it contributes to advancing facial reconstruction techniques by utilizing machine learning and 3d bioprinting for printing skin tissue *** source code is available at https://***/SIMOGroup/WoundFilling3d.

关键词： 3d printing technology face reconstruction 3d segmentation 3d printed model

Pyrolysis behaviour and kinetic analysis of waste polylactic acid composite reinforced with reed straw processing residue

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2024年第3期7卷 74-83页

作者： Bo Chen Sen Ma Sachin Kumar Zhitong Yao Wanqi Feng Jianbo Zhao Xu Zhang di Cai Hui Cao ian Watson Systems Power and Energy Research DivisionJames Watts School of EngineeringCollege of Science and EngineeringJames Watt SouthUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUnited Kingdom College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029PR China College of Energy State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102PR China department of Energy Engineering Centre of Excellence-Green and Efficient Energy Technology(CoE-GEET)Central University of JharkhandRanchi 835205India College of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018PR China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Tarim UniversityAlarXinjiang 843300PR China National Energy R&d Center for Biorefinery Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029PR China

The lignocellulose reinforced composites are commonly used sustainable materials with good mechanical and physical *** to properly dispose and recover the potential value of discarded lignocellulose reinforced composites,the pyrolysis behaviour and kinetics of reed straw processing residual/polylactic acid(RSPR/PLA)composites,a typical 3d printing material,was *** on the TG-FTIR results,the synergistic effects between RSPR and PLA during the pyrolysis process were *** with the FTIR spectra of PLA,the absorption peaks of CO and CO_(2)disappear in the FTIR spectra of RSPR/PLA composite,which indicates RSPR provides additional free radicals for the free radical reaction of PLA,and further promoting the *** apparent activation energy of the RSPR/PLA composite pyrolysis was calculated by two iso-conversional methods including Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS).The average Ea of the RSPR/PLA composite(122.6 kJ mol^(-1)(FWO)and 117.9 kJ mol^(-1)(KAS))was lower than that of solo pyrolysis of RSPR(138.5 kJ mol^(-1)(FWO)and 135.4 kJ mol^(-1)(KAS))and the pure PLA(197.0 kJ mol^(-1)(FWO)and 196.6 kJ mol^(-1)(KAS)).The master plot method results suggested the pyrolysis of RSPR/PLA composite followed the one-dimensional(d1)diffusion *** work provides an environmentally friendly strategy to effective thermo-chemical upgrading of the value of discarded lignocellulose reinforced composite material.

关键词： Biobased composite Pyrolysis conversion Synergy Bio-oil Reaction kinetics

Numerical analysis of high‑speed railway slab tracks using calibrated and validated 3d time‑domain modelling

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 36-58页

作者： A.F.Esen O.Laghrouche P.K.Woodward d.Medina‑Pineda Q.Corbisez J.Y.Shih d.P.Connolly Institute for High‑Speed Rail and System Integration University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Institute for Infrastructure and Environment Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh EH144ASUK Alstom Transport Saint‑OuenFrance Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

Concrete slabs are widely used in modern railways to increase the inherent resilient quality of the tracks,provide safe and smooth rides,and reduce the maintenance *** this paper,the elastic performance of a novel slab trackform for high-speed railways is investigated using three-dimensional finite element modelling in *** is then compared to the performance of a ballasted ***,slab and ballasted track models are developed to replicate the full-scale testing of track *** the models are calibrated with the experimental results,the novel slab model is developed and compared against the calibrated slab track *** slab and ballasted track models are then extended to create linear dynamic models,considering the track geodynamics,and simulating train passages at various speeds,for which the Ledsgard documented case was used to validate the *** travelling at low and high speeds are analysed to investigate the track deflections and the wave propagation in the soil,considering the issues associated with critical *** train loading methods are discussed,and the most practical approach is retained and ***,correlations are made between the geotechnical parameters of modern high-speed rail and conventional *** is found that considering the same ground condition,the slab track deflections are considerably smaller than those of the ballasted track at high speeds,while they show similar behaviour at low speeds.

关键词： High-speed railways Slab track New ballastless track Ballasted track Critical speeds Finite element modelling Calibration of numerical models

Snapshot imaging of ultrashort electron bunches

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1226-1228页

作者： Andreas döpp Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München Am Coulombwall 185748GarchingGermany Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1Garching85748Germany

New measurements combine spatial and temporal information from optical transition radiation to estimate the three-dimensional structure of electron bunches from a laser wakefield accelerator.

关键词： ultrashort Snapshot electron

Influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition on resting and post-exercise indices of vascular health in young adults

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第1期6卷 54-62页

作者： Rian Q.Landers-Ramos Kathleen dondero ian Imery Nicholas Reveille Hannah A.Zabriskie devon A.dobrosielski Towson University Department of KinesiologyTowsonMDUSA University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation SciencesBaltimoreMDUSA Johns Hopkins University Department of Cell BiologyBaltimoreMDUSA University of Florida Department of Applied Physiology and KinesiologyGainesvilleFLUSA

Poor cardiorespiratory fitness may mediate vascular impairments at rest and following an acute bout of exercise in young healthy *** study aimed to compare flow mediated dilation(FMd)and vascular augmentation index(AIx75)between young adults with low,moderate,and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness before and after an acute bout of aerobic ***-three participants(22 men;21 women)between 18 and 29 years of age completed the *** were classified into low,moderate,and high health-related cardiorespiratory fitness groups according to age-and sex-based relative maximal oxygen consumption(V_O2 max)percentile *** was performed using doppler ultrasound and AIx75 was performed using pulse wave analysis at baseline and 60-min after a 30-min bout of treadmill running at 70%V_O2 max.A significant interaction(p=0.047;ηp 2=0.142)was observed,with the moderate fitness group exhibiting a higher FMd post-exercise compared with baseline([6.7%3.1%]vs.[8.5%2.8%],p=0.028;d=0.598).We found a significant main effect of group for AIx75(p=0.023;ηp 2=0.168),with the high fitness group exhibiting lower AIx75 compared to low fitness group([10%10%]vs.[2%10%],respectively,p=0.019;g=1.07).This was eliminated after covarying for body fat percentage(p=0.489).Our findings suggest that resting FMd and AIx75 responses are not significantly influenced by cardiorespiratory fitness,but FMd recovery responses to exercise may be enhanced in individuals with moderate cardiorespiratory fitness levels.

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Flow mediated dilation Augmentation index Vascular Acute exercise Body composition