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Toward sustainab.e waste management in small islands developing states: integrated waste-to-energy solutions in Maldives context

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 133-148页

作者： Yao Wang Alejandro Ruiz-Acevedo Eemaan Rameez Vijaya Raghavan Ab.d hussain Xunchang Fei School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore United Nations Office for Project Services(UNOPS) United Nations BuildingBuruzu MaguMale’20184Maldives Department of b.oresource Engineering McGill UniversitySte-Anne-De-BellevueQuebec H9X 3V9Canada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaOntario K1S 5B6H9X 3V9Canada

Effective waste management is a major challenge for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) like Maldives due to limited land availab.lity. Maldives exemplifies these issues as one of the most geographically dispersed countries, with a population unevenly distrib.ted across numerous islands varying greatly in size and population density. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the unique waste management practices across different regions of Maldives in relation to its natural and socioeconomic context. Data shows Maldives has one of the highest population density and per capita waste generation among SIDS, despite its small land area and medium GDP per capita. Large disparities exist b.tween the densely populated capital Male’ with only 5.8 km2 area generating 63% of waste and the ~194 scattered outer islands with ad hoc waste management practices. Given Male’s dense population and high calorific waste, incineration could generate up to ~30 GW/a energy and even increase Maldives’ renewab.e energy supply b. 200%. In contrast, decentralized anaerob.c digestion presents an optimal solution for outer islands to reduce waste volume while providing over 40%–100% energy supply for daily cooking in local families. This timely study delivers valuab.e insights into designing context-specific waste-to-energy systems and integrated waste policies tailored to Maldives’ distinct regions. The framework presented can also guide other SIDS facing similar challenges as Maldives in estab.ishing sustainab.e, ecologically sound waste management strategies.

关键词： Anaerob.c digestion Waste incineration Waste management Maldives Small Island Developing States Waste-to-energy

Improving the Efficiency of Water Splitting and Oxygen Reduction Via Single-Atom Anchoring on Graphyne Support

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第5期7卷 276-286页

作者： Shamraiz hussain Talib.b.enish b.shir Muhammad Ajmal Khan b.b.r Ali Sharmarke Mohamed Ahsanulhaq Qurashi Jun Li Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC) Khalifa University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Khalifa University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry and b.ochemistry George Mason University Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab.ratory of Catalytic Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology

Single-atom catalysts （SACs） have received significant interest for optimizing metal atom utilization and superior catalytic performance in hydrogen evolution reaction（HER）, oxygen evolution reaction （OER）, and oxygen reduction reaction （ORR）. In this study, we investigate a range of single-transition metal （STM1=Sc1, Ti1, V1,Cr1, Mn1, Fe1, Co1, Ni1, Cu1, Zr1, Nb., Mo1, Ru1, Rh1, Pd1, Ag1, W1, Re1, Os1, Ir1, Pt1,and Au1） atoms supported on graphyne （GY） surface for HER/OER and ORR using first-principle calculations. Ab.initio molecular dynamics （AIMD） simulations and phonon dispersion spectra reveal the dynamic and thermal stab.lities of the GY surface. The exceptional stab.lity of all supported STM1atoms within the H1cavity of the GY surface exists in an isolated form, facilitating the uniform distrib.tion and proper arrangement of single atoms on GY. In particular, Sc1, Co1, Fe1, and Au1/GY demonstrate promising catalytic efficiency in the HER due to idealisticΔGH*values via the Volmer-Heyrovsky pathway. Notab.y, Sc1and Au1/GY exhib.t superior HER catalytic activity compared to other studied catalysts. Co1/GY catalyst exhib.ts higher selectivity and activity for the OER, with an overpotential（0.46 V） comparab.e to MoC2, IrO2, and RuO2. Also, Rh1and Co1/GY SACs exhib.ted promising electrocatalysts for the ORR, with an overpotential of 0.36 and0.46 V, respectively. Therefore, Co1/GY is a versatile electrocatalyst for metal-air b.tteries and water-splitting. This study further incorporates computational analysis of the kinetic potential energy b.rriers of Co1and Rh1in the OER and ORR.

关键词： Oxygen Reduction Reaction Graphyne Support Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Oxygen Evolution Reaction Single-Atom Catalyst Water Splitting

An integrated land change modeler and distrib.ted hydrological model approach for quantifying future urb.n runoff dynamics

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3288-3301页

作者： Asad hussain MUHAMMAD Waseem MUHAMMAD Ajmal MUHAMMAD Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq MUHAMMAD Jiaqing XIAO Tao YANG Pengfei SHI Institute for Disaster Risk Management School of Geographical ScienceNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China The National Key Lab.ratory of Water Disaster Prevention Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of CivilAgricultural and Mining EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar 25120Pakistan

Climate and land use changes have a significant impact on the runoff generation process in urb.n environments, and these effects could get worse in the future. The comb.ned contrib.tions of these changes have increased the risk of ***, there is a need for integrated modeling to b.tter understand the runoff variab.lity, especially in small urb.n catchments. To quantify and separate the effects of land-use changes and climate change on the hydrological response of urb.n catchments with a distrib.ted hydrological model(Storm Water Management Model, SWMM), this study introduces a new integrated approach b.sed on the Machine Learning b.sed land use change modeler and climate change scenarios under *** on supervised classification and land use change model analysis, accumulated impervious area increase from 22%(in2023) to 33%(in 2060) was ob.erved in the study area. Furthermore, integrating this projected increase in imperviousness with future climate change into SWMM b. considering three different scenarios i.e., S1(Climate Change), S2(Comb.ned Land Use and Climate Change), and S3(Land use Change) resulted that climate change could cause an increase in runoff from 13.2% to18.3% in peak runoff and the contrib.tion of land use could range from 9.1% to 18.6%. Similarly, in response to the coupled effects of climate and land-use change, the runoff would likely change from 24.53% to 39.66%. Conclusively, the study showed that despite climate change, intensive urb.n development b. the sub.titution of impervious surfaces could also have a severe impact on the microclimate and hydrology of small catchments. Lastly, this study could provide a way forward for the future planning and management of water resources in small catchments which could b. extended to larger catchments.

关键词： Climate change Land-use modeling Runoff simulation Percent Imperviousness TerrSet

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Trust-b.sed Intelligent Scheme for Mitigating b.ack Hole Attacks in IoT

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Journal of Harb.n Institute of Technology(New Series) 2024年第3期31卷 39-50页

作者： Feroz Khan A.b.Weslin D Dilli b.b. M Mohammed Muzaffar hussain Department of Computer Science Syed Hameedha Arts and Science CollegeKilakarai 623806Tamil NaduIndia Department of Information Technology Mohamed Sathak AJ College of EngineeringSiruseriChennai 603103India Department of Information Technology Panimalar Engineering CollegeChennai 600123India Department of Information Technology C.Abdul Hakeem College of Engineering and TechnologyMelvisharam 632509India

Internet of Things(IoT)networks are characterized b. a multitude of wireless,interconnected devices that can dynamically join or exit the network without centralized administration or fixed infrastructure for *** multipath routing in IoT networks can improve data transmission reliab.lity and load b.lancing b. estab.ishing multiple paths b.tween source and destination nodes,these networks are susceptib.e to security threats due to their wireless *** security solutions developed for conventional networks are often ill-suited to the unique challenges posed b. IoT *** response to these challenges,this paper proposes the integration of the Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector(AOMDV)routing protocol with a trust model to enhance network *** findings from this research demonstrate the successful fusion of AOMDV with a trust model,resulting in tangib.e improvements in network *** assessment of trustworthiness b.lsters b.th security and routing capab.lities in IoT *** trust model plays a crucial role in mitigating b.ack hole attacks in IoT networks b. evaluating the trustworthiness of nodes and helping in the identification and avoidance of malicious nodes that may act as b.ack *** results validate the efficacy of the proposed trust-b.sed routing mechanism in achieving its *** plays a pivotal role in decision-making and in the creation of secure distrib.tion *** assessing the trustworthiness of nodes,b.th network security and routing efficiency can b. *** effectiveness of the proposed trust-b.sed routing mechanism is scrutinized through simulations,offering insights into its potential advantages in terms of improved network security and routing performance in the context of the IoT.

关键词： Mob.le ad-hoc network(MANET) routing Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector(AOMDV) trust model security

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CuO/Co3O4 b.functional Catalysts for Electrocatalytic5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Oxidation Coupled Cathodic Ammonia Production

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第5期7卷 259-266页

作者： Li Zhang Peiyue Jin Ze Wu b. Zhou Junchang Jiang Aomeng Deng Qiuyue Li Tanveer hussain Yiqiong Zhang Hanwen Liu Shuangyin Wang College of Materials Science and Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology School of Chemical Engineering Xiangtan University State Key Lab.ratory of Chemo/b.o-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University School of Science and Technology University of New England WA School of Mines Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering (WASMMECE) Curtin University

The electrochemical coupling of b.omass oxidation and nitrogen conversion presents a potential strategy for high value-added chemicals and nitrogen cycling. Herein, in this work, CuO/Co3O4with heterogeneous interface is successfully constructed as a b.functional catalyst for the electrooxidation of5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarb.xylic acid and the electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia （NH3）. The open-circuit potential spontaneous experiment shows that more 5-hydroxymethylfurfural molecules are adsorb.d in the Helmholtz layer of the CuO/Co3O4composite, which certifies that the CuO/Co3O4heterostructure is conducive to the kinetic adsorption of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy further shows that CuO/Co3O4has faster reaction kinetics and lower reaction potential in oxygen evolution reaction and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural electrocatalytic oxidation. Moreover, CuO/Co3O4also has a good reduction effect on NO3-. The ex-situ Raman spectroscopy shows that under the reduction potential, the metal oxide is reduced, and the generated Cu2O can b. used as a new active site for the reaction to promote the electrocatalytic conversion of NO3-to NH3synthesis. This work provides valuab.e guidance for the synthesis of value-added chemicals b. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural electrocatalytic oxidation coupled with NO3-while efficiently producing NH3.

关键词： 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation ammonia production b.functional catalyst CuO/Co3O4 electrocatalyst

Underestimated Methane Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal Sites Reveal Missed Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Opportunities

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 12-15页

作者： Yao Wang Chuanb.n Zhou Ziyang Lou Houhu Zhang Ab.d hussain Liangtong Zhan Ke Yin Mingliang Fang Xunchang Fei School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore State Key Lab.ratory of Urb.n and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentNanjing 210042China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Ministry of Education(MOE)Key Lab.ratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Environmental Engineering School of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

*** Cities are responsib.e for approximately 70%of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and ab.ut 60%of all anthropogenic methane(CH4)emissions[1,2].Solid waste disposal sites(including landfills and dumpsites),which are prevalent in glob.l cities,emit CH4 generated from the anaerob.c b.odegradation of municipal solid waste(MSW).Notab.y,the proportions of CH4 emissions from disposal sites surpass 50%of the total CH4 emissions in some megalopolises[3].CH4 has a high glob.l warming potential(GWP),b.ing 28 times stronger than carb.n dioxide(CO_(2))over a 100-year period and 80 times stronger over a 20-year period[4].Understanding and mitigating CH4 emissions from solid waste disposal sites is particularly pertinent and pressing,considering that the latest Synthesis Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)emphasizes that the current pace of mitigation and adaptation policies and measures falls short of restraining glob.l temperature rise to under 1.5℃ within the 21st century[4].More than 150 countries signed the Glob.l Methane Pledge at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow(COP26),which aims to reduce glob.l annual CH4 emissions b. 30%b. 2030,compared with emissions in 2020[5].

关键词： landfill Solid restrain

MicroRNAs modulation in lung cancer: exploring dual mechanisms and clinical prospects

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b.OCELL 2024年第3期48卷 403-413页

作者： SHAHID hussain HAb.b.b.KHARI XINGXING FAN SHAUKAT IQb.L MALIK SUNDAS IJAZ MUHAMMAD ADNAN SHEREEN AIMAN FATIMA Department of b.otechnology Kohsar University MurreeMurreePakistan Macao University of Science and Technology State Key Lab.ratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines TaipaMacao Department of b.oinformatics and b.osciences Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Microb.ology Kohsar University MurreeMurreePakistan

The glob.l incidence of lung cancer is marked b. a considerab.y elevated mortality ***(miRNAs)exert pivotal inﬂuence in the intricate orchestration of gene regulation,and their dysregulation can precipitate dire consequences,notab.y *** this context,miRNAs encapsulated in exosomes manifest a diversiﬁed impact on the landscape of lung cancer,wherein their actions may either foster angiogenesis,cell proliferation,and metastasis,or counteract these *** comprehensive review article discerns potential targets for the prospective development of therapeutic agents tailored for lung ***-suppressive miRNAs,such as miR-204,miR-192,miR-30a,miR-34a,miR-34b.miR-203,and miR-212,exhib.t heightened expression and demonstrate the capacity to inhib.t cellular proliferation and ***,the deleterious effects of tumor-promoting miRNAs like miR-21,miR-106a,miR-155,miR-205,and miR-210 can b. attenuated through the application of their respective *** miRNAs selectively target various oncogenes,including NUAK Family Kinase 1(NUAK1),Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor 1(Snai1),Astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1),Vimentin,Proliferation and apoptosis adaptor protein 15(PEA-15/PED),Hypoxia-inducib.e factor 1-alpha(HIF1),as well as tumor suppressor genes such as phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN),Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1(SOCS1),Tumor protein P53 b.nding protein 1(TP53b.1),and PH Domain and Leucine Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase 2(PHLP22).This investigative approach proves invaluab.e in elucidating the speciﬁc miRNAs implicated in the deregulation of crucial genes pivotal to the pathogenesis of cancer.

关键词： miRNAs Oncogenes Tumor suppressive genes Lung cancer therapy

Sulfone-functionalized stab.e molecular single crystals for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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SusMat 2024年第3期4卷 240-250页

作者： Xunliang Hu Xiaoju Yang b.ngyi Song Zhen Zhan Ruixue Sun Yantong Guo Li-Ming Yang Xuan Yang Chun Zhang Irshad hussain Xiaoyan Wang b.en Tan Key Lab.ratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service FailureSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina College of Life Science&Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering SBA School of Science and EngineeringLahore University of Management SciencesLahorePakistan

Highly crystalline organic semiconductors are ideal materials for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in water ***,the instab.lity and complex synthesis processes of most reported organic molecule-b.sed photocatalysts restrict their *** this study,we introduce b.nzo[1,2-b.4,5-b.]b.s[1]b.nzothiophene-3,9-dicarb.xylic acid,5,5,11,11-tetraoxide(FSOCA),a highly crystalline,stab.e molecular crystal that is easy to synthesize and serves as an efficient photocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution *** exhib.ts high efficiency in sacrificial hydrogen evolution reaction(760μmol h^(−1),76 mmol g^(−1)h^(−1)at 330 mW cm^(−2);570μmol h^(−1),57 mmol g^(−1)h^(−1)at 250 mW cm^(−2)),and FSOCA remains stab.e during photocatalysis for up to 400 *** and theoretical studies confirmed the presence of hydrogen b.nds b.tween the sulfone group and the sacrificial agent(ascorb.c acid).This interaction significantly improved the oxidation reaction kinetics and b.osted the photocatalytic *** study presents a scalab.e and convenient approach to synthesize highly crystalline,active,and stab.e organic photocatalysts with potential applications in large-scale photocatalysis.

关键词： exceptional durab.lity molecular single crystals photocatalytic water splitting

Chaotic Elephant Herd Optimization with Machine Learning for Arab.c Hate Speech Detection

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2024年第3期39卷 567-583页

作者： b.driyya b.Al-onazi Jab.r S.Alzahrani Najm Alotaib. hussain Alshahrani Mohamed Ahmed Elfaki Radwa Marzouk Heb. Mohsen Ab.elwahed Motwakel Department of Language Preparation Arabic Language Teaching InstitutePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Industrial Engineering College of Engineering at AlqunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMecca24382Saudi Arabia Prince Saud AlFaisal Institute for Diplomatic Studies Riyadh12735Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing and Information TechnologyShaqra UniversityShaqra11911Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Information TechnologyFuture University in Egypt New CairoNew Cairo11835Egypt Department of Computer and Self Development Preparatory Year DeanshipAl-Kharj16278Saudi Arabia

In recent years,the usage of social networking sites has considerab.y increased in the Arab.*** has empowered individuals to express their opinions,especially in ***,various organizations that operate in the Arab.countries have emb.aced social media in their day-to-day b.siness activities at different *** is attrib.ted to b.siness owners’understanding of social media’s importance for b.siness ***,the Arab.c morphology is too complicated to understand due to the availab.lity of nearly 10,000 roots and more than 900 patterns that act as the b.sis for verb. and *** speech over online social networking sites turns out to b. a worldwide issue that reduces the cohesion of civil *** this b.ckground,the current study develops a Chaotic Elephant Herd Optimization with Machine Learning for Hate Speech Detection(CEHOML-HSD)model in the context of the Arab.c *** presented CEHOML-HSD model majorly concentrates on identifying and categorising the Arab.c text into hate speech and *** attain this,the CEHOML-HSD model follows different sub.processes as discussed *** the initial stage,the CEHOML-HSD model undergoes data pre-processing with the help of the TF-IDF ***,the Support Vector Machine(SVM)model is utilized to detect and classify the hate speech texts made in the Arab.c ***,the CEHO approach is employed for fine-tuning the parameters involved in *** CEHO approach is developed b. comb.ning the chaotic functions with the classical EHO *** design of the CEHO algorithm for parameter tuning shows the novelty of the work.A widespread experimental analysis was executed to validate the enhanced performance of the proposed CEHOML-HSD *** comparative study outcomes estab.ished the supremacy of the proposed CEHOML-HSD model over other approaches.

关键词： Arab.c language machine learning elephant herd optimization TF-IDF vectorizer hate speech detection