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Architecture-circuit-technology co-optimization for resistive random access memory-based computation-in-memory chips

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第10期66卷 152-161页

作者： Yuyi LIU Bin GAO Jianshi TANG huaqiang wu He QIAN School of Integrated Circuits Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist) Tsinghua University

Computation-in-memory(CIM) chips offer an energy-efficient approach to artificial intelligence computing workloads. Resistive random-access memory(RRAM)-based CIM chips have proven to be a promising solution for overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck. In this paper, we review our recent studies on the architecture-circuit-technology co-optimization of scalable CIM chips and related hardware demonstrations. To further minimize data movements between memory and computing units, architecture optimization methods have been introduced. Then, we propose a device-architecture-algorithm co-design simulator to provide guidelines for designing CIM systems. A physics-based compact RRAM model and an array-level analog computing model were embedded in the simulator. In addition, a CIM compiler was proposed to optimize the on-chip dataflow. Finally, research perspectives are proposed for future development.

关键词： resistive random-access memory computation-in-memory compact model device-architecture-algorithm co-design compiler

Memristor-Based Signal Processing for Edge Computing

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2022年第3期27卷 455-471页

作者： Han Zhao Zhengwu Liu Jianshi Tang Bin Gao Yufeng Zhang He Qian huaqiang wu the School of Integrated Circuits Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China the Department of Microelectronics Science and Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things(IoTs)has resulted in an explosive increase in data,and thus has raised new challenges for data processing units.Edge computing,which settles signal processing and computing tasks at the edge of networks rather than uploading data to the cloud,can reduce the amount of data for transmission and is a promising solution to address the challenges.One of the potential candidates for edge computing is a memristor,an emerging nonvolatile memory device that has the capability of in-memory computing.In this article,from the perspective of edge computing,we review recent progress on memristor-based signal processing methods,especially on the aspects of signal preprocessing and feature extraction.Then,we describe memristor-based signal classification and regression,and end-to-end signal processing.In all these applications,memristors serve as critical accelerators to greatly improve the overall system performance,such as power efficiency and processing speed.Finally,we discuss existing challenges and future outlooks for memristor-based signal processing systems.

关键词： memristor signal processing edge computing Internet of Things(IoTs) in-memory computing

Monolithic integration of flexible lithium-ion battery on a plastic substrate by printing methods

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Nano Research 2019年第10期12卷 2477-2484页

作者： Zhenxuan Zhao huaqiang wu Institute of Microelectronics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

En ergy storage devices with flexible form factor have become critical components of wearable electr onic systems.In spired by methods of monolithic integration in the microelectronics fabrication process,we propose a planar flexible full-solid-state lithium-ion battery(FSLB)architecture and a layer-by-layer stencil printing assembly method for fabricating batteries on polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrate.FSLBs use quasi-solid electrolyte based on LiTFSI and ultraviolet(UV)-curable ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate(ETPTA)polymeric matrix in combination with Li4Ti50i2(LTO)/LiFePO4(LFP)-based electrodes.Excellent mechanical flexibility(<10 mm bending radius)can be achieved.The electrochemical characteristics of electrolyte,including ion conductivity,physical stability during room-temperature and tender assembly processes,are promising.A complete thin film-shape FSLB demonstrated working operation both under planar and bending conditions.The unique architecture and assembly processes open new ways for planar flexible devices to be integrated with flexible energy devices.

关键词： flexible printable full-solid-state battery lithium-ion battery polymer electrolyte

Memristive structure of Nb/HfOx/Pd with controllable switching mechanisms to perform featured actions in neuromorphic networks

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Nano Research 2022年第9期15卷 8410-8418页

作者： Junwei Yu Fei Zeng Qin Wan Yiming Sun Leilei Qiao Tongjin Chen huaqiang wu Zhen Zhao Jiangli Cao Feng Pan Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials(MOE) School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Center for Brain Inspired Computing Research(CBICR) Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Microelectronics Institute Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

All memristor neuromorphic networks have great potential and advantage in both technology and computational protocols for artificial intelligence.It is crucial to find suitable elementary units for both performing featured neuromorphic functions and fabrication in large scale.Here a simple memristive structure,Nb/HfOx/Pd,is proposed for this goal.Its two resistive switching mechanisms,Mott transition of NbO2 and oxygen vacancy(Vo)migration,can be controlled by modulating external bias directions.Negative bias activates reversible phase transition and restrains Vo filament formation to allow the memristor to mimic the firing action potential.Positive bias activates Vo filament formation and restrains the other to allow the memristor to mimic synaptic plasticity and learning protocols.The system can respond adaptively to naturally generated action potentials and modified synaptic signals from the same memristive structure.In addition,some special features related to signal encoding and recognition are discovered when the system is settled according to chaos circuit theory.Our study provides a novel approach for designing elementary units for neuromorphic computations.

关键词： memristive system phase transition oxygen vacancy action potential synaptic plasticity

Toward memristive in-memory computing:principles and applications

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2022年第2期15卷 101-125页

作者： Han Bao Houji Zhou Jiancong Li Huaizhi Pei Jing Tian Ling Yang Shengguang Ren Shaoqin Tong Yi Li Yuhui He Jia Chen Yimao Cai huaqiang wu Qi Liu Qing Wan Xiangshui Miao School of Integrated Circuits School of Optical and Electronic InformationWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsOptics Valley LaboratoryHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories Wuhan430205China AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems InnoHK CentersHong Kong Science ParkHong KongChina School of Integrated Circuits Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Integrated Circuits Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist)Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Frontier Institute of Chip and System Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

With the rapid growth of computer science and big data,the traditional von Neumann architecture suffers the aggravating data communication costs due to the separated structure of the processing units and memories.Memristive in-memory computing paradigm is considered as a prominent candidate to address these issues,and plentiful applications have been demonstrated and verified.These applications can be broadly categorized into two major types:soft computing that can tolerant uncertain and imprecise results,and hard computing that emphasizes explicit and precise numerical results for each task,leading to different requirements on the computational accuracies and the corresponding hardware solutions.In this review,we conduct a thorough survey of the recent advances of memristive in-memory computing applications,both on the soft computing type that focuses on artificial neural networks and other machine learning algorithms,and the hard computing type that includes scientific computing and digital image processing.At the end of the review,we discuss the remaining challenges and future opportunities of memristive in-memory computing in the incoming Artificial Intelligence of Things era.

关键词： Memristor In-memory computing Matrix-vector multiplication Machine learning Scientific computing Digital image processing

Cobalt doping amount determines dominant reactive species in peroxymonosulfate activation via porous carbon catalysts co-doped by cobalt and nitrogen

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 212-226页

作者： Xiang Li Limeng wu Aiqin Zhang Shaohua wu Yan Lin Chunping Yang Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang 330063China Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences School of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaoming 525000China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control(Hunan University)Ministry of EducationChangsha 410082China

Switching the reaction routes in peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes have attracted much attention but remain challenging.Herein,a series of Co-N/C catalysts with different compositions and structures were prepared by using bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks based on ZIF-8 and ZIF-67(x Zn/Co-ZIFs).Results show that Co doping amount could mediate the transformation of the activation pathway of PMS over CoN/C.When Co doping amount was less than 10%,the constructed x Co-N/C/PMS system(x≤10%)was singlet oxygen-dominated reaction;however further increasing Co doping amount would lead to the generation and coexistence of sulfate radicals and high-valent cobalt,besides singlet oxygen.Furthermore,the nitrogen-coordinated Co(Co-NX)sites could serve as main catalytically active sites to generate singlet oxygen.While excess Co doping amount caused the formation of Co nanoparticles from which leached Co ions were responsible for the generation of sulfate radicals and high-valent cobalt.Compared to undoped N/C,Co doping could significantly enhance the catalytic performance.The 0.5%Co-N/C could achieve the optimum degradation(0.488 min^(-1))and mineralization abilities(78.4%)of sulfamethoxazole among the investigated Co-N/C catalysts,which was superior to most of previously reported catalysts.In addition,the application prospects of the two systems in different environmental scenarios(pH,inorganic anions and natural organic matter)were assessed and showed different degradation behaviors.This study provides a strategy to regulate the reactive species in PMS-based advanced oxidation process.

关键词： Peroxymonosulfate Sulfate radical Singlet oxygen Cobalt Zeolitic imidazolate framework Advanced oxidation process

The physiological role of the unfolded protein response in the nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2411-2420页

作者： Shuangchan wu Wensheng Lin Department of Neuroscience University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Institute for Translational Neuroscience University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA

The unfolded protein response(UPR)is a cellular stress response pathway activated when the endoplasmic reticulum,a crucial organelle for protein folding and modification,encounters an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins.The UPR aims to restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by enhancing protein folding capacity,reducing protein biosynthesis,and promoting protein degradation.It also plays a pivotal role in coordinating signaling cascades to determine cell fate and function in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.Recent research has highlighted the significance of the UPR not only in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis but also in influencing various physiological processes in the nervous system.Here,we provide an overview of recent findings that underscore the UPR’s involvement in preserving the function and viability of neuronal and myelinating cells under physiological conditions,and highlight the critical role of the UPR in brain development,memory storage,retinal cone development,myelination,and maintenance of myelin thickness.

关键词： myelin neuron oligodendrocyte Schwann cell unfolded protein response

CLEAR: a full-stack chip-in-loop emulator for analog RRAM based computing-in-memory system

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第12期66卷 293-294页

作者： Ruihua YU Wenqiang ZHANG Bin GAO Yiwen GENG Peng YAO Yuyi LIU Qingtian ZHANG Jianshi TANG Dong wu Hu HE Ning DENG He QIAN huaqiang wu School of Integrated Circuits Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist)Tsinghua University

Deep neural networks(DNNs) have undergone tremendous advancement in several practical applications, such as object detection and text generation, over the last few years,leading to a huge demand for increased computing efficiency of hardware. Resistive random-access memory(RRAM)-based computing-in-memory(CIM) chip has been investigated as a promising candidate to reduce the requirement for memory bandwidth [1].

关键词： ARCHITECTURE

LONP1 ameliorates liver injury and improves gluconeogenesis dysfunction in acute-on-chronic liver failure

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第2期137卷 190-199页

作者： Muchen wu Jing wu Kai Liu Minjie Jiang Fang Xie Xuehong Yin Jushan wu Qinghua Meng Department of Liver Disease Beijing You-An HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Beijing Institute of Hepatology Beijing You-An HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of General Surgery Beijing You-An HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

Background:Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)is a severe liver disease with complex pathogenesis.Clinical hypoglycemia is common in patients with ACLF and often predicts a worse prognosis.Accumulating evidence suggests that glucose metabolic disturbance,especially gluconeogenesis dysfunction,plays a critical role in the disease progression of ACLF.Lon protease-1(LONP1)is a novel mediator of energy and glucose metabolism.However,whether gluconeogenesis is a potential mechanism through which LONP1 modulates ACLF remains unknown.Methods:In this study,we collected liver tissues from ACLF patients,established an ACLF mouse model with carbon tetrachloride(CCl 4),lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and D-galactose(D-gal),and constructed an in vitro hypoxia and hyperammonemia-triggered hepatocyte injury model.LONP1 overexpression and knockdown adenovirus were used to assess the protective effect of LONP1 on liver injury and gluconeogenesis regulation.Liver histopathology,biochemical index,mitochondrial morphology,cell viability and apoptosis,and the expression and activity of key gluconeogenic enzymes were detected to explore the underlying protective mechanisms of LONP1 in ACLF.Results:We found that LONP1 and the expressions of gluconeogenic enzymes were downregulated in clinical ACLF liver tissues.Furthermore,LONP1 overexpression remarkably attenuated liver injury,which was characterized by improved liver histopathological lesions and decreased serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in ACLF mice.Moreover,mitochondrial morphology was improved upon overexpression of LONP1.Meanwhile,the expression and activity of the key gluconeogenic enzymes were restored by LONP1 overexpression.Similarly,the hepatoprotective effect was also observed in the hepatocyte injury model,as evidenced by improved cell viability,reduced cell apoptosis,and improved gluconeogenesis level and activity,while LONP1 knockdown worsened liver injury and gluconeogenesis disorders.Conclusion:We demonstrated that gluconeogenesis dysfunc

关键词： Acute-on-chronic liver failure Lon protease-1 Gluconeogenesis disturbance Mitochondrial dysfunction Metabolism