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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. cao, Q. cao, W.Y. cao, Zhe chang, J. chang, J.F. chen, A.M. chen, E.s. chen, H.X. chen, Liang chen, Lin chen, Long chen, M.J. chen, M.L. chen, Q.H. chen, s. chen, s.H. chen, s.Z. chen, T.L. chen, Y. cheng, N. cheng, Y.D. cui, M.Y. cui, s.W. cui, X.H. cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, c.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, s.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, s. Gao, B. Gao, c.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.s. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, Y. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, c. Hou, X. hu, H.B. hu, Q. hu, s.c. huang, D.H. huang, T.Q. huang, W.J. huang, X.T. huang, X.Y. huang, Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, c.M. Li, cheng Li, cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.c. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, s.D. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, s.J. Liu, B. Liu, c. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, s.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.c. Neronov, A. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, J.c. Qi, M.Y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. sáiz, A. saeed, M. semikoz, D. shao, L. s.c.egolev, O. sheng, X.D. shu, F.W. song, H.c. stenkin, Yu.V. stepanov, V. su, Y. sun, D.X. sun, Q.N. sun, X.N. sun, Z.B. Takata, J. Tam, P.H.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophys.c. & Experimental Phys.c. Division & computing center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China University of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China TIANFU cosmic Ray Research center Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Phys.c. P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg 69029 Germany school of Phys.c.l science and Technology & school of Information science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China school of Astronomy and space science Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China center for Astrophys.c. Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & school of Phys.c. and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of sciences Moscow 117312 Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China University of science and Technology of china Hefei 230026 China state Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210023 China Research center for Astronomical computing Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China school of Phys.c. and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Key Laboratory of cosmic Rays (Tibet University) Ministry of Education Lhasa 850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China school of Phys.c. and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & school of Phys.c. (Guangzhou) & sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 & Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China Institute of Frontier and

The γ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays (cRs) accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant (sNR) W51c and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region, W51B. However, the maximum acceleration capability of W51c for cRs remains elusive. Based on observations.c.nducted with the Large High Altitude Air shower Observatory (LHAAsO), we report a significant detection of γ rays emanating from the W51 complex, with energies from 2 to 200 TeV. The LHAAsO measurements, for the first time, extend the γ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of TeV. By combining the "π0-decay bump" featured data from Fermi-LAT, the broadband γ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision model. The observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at ∼400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼200 TeV in the cR proton spectrum, most likely providing the first evidence of sNRs serving as.c. accelerators approaching the PeV regime. Additionally, two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energetic γ rays observed by LHAAsO. Our findings strongly support the presence of extreme cR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic cRs. © 2024 science china Press

关键词： cosmic rays

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Multichannel coupling induced topological insulating phases with full multimerization

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 491-498页

作者： JUN LI YAPING YANG c-M.hu MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-structured Materials School of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Phys.c. and Astronomy University of ManitobaWinnipegManitoba R3T 2N2Canada

We propose and experimentally realize a class of quasi-one-dimensional topological lattices whose unit cells are constructed by coupled multiple identical resonators,with uniform hopping and inversion *** the presence of coupling-path-induced effective zero hopping within the unit cells,the systems are characterized by complete multimerization with degenerate-1 energy edge states for open boundary condition.

关键词： symmetry topological coupling

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Runx2 regulates peripheral nerve regeneration to promote schwann cell migration and re-myelination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1575-1583页

作者： Rong hu Xinpeng Dun Lolita singh Matthew c.Banton school of Traditional chinese Medicine Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina The co-innovation center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Faculty of Health University of PlymouthPlymouthUK

Runx2 is a major regulator of osteoblast differentiation and function;however,the role of Runx2 in peripheral nerve repair is unclea ***,we analyzed Runx2expression following injury and found that it was specifically up-regulated in schwann ***,using schwann cell-specific Runx2 knocko ut mice,we studied peripheral nerve development and regeneration and found that multiple steps in the regeneration process following sciatic nerve injury were *** observed in Runx2 knoc kout mice include increased prolife ration of schwann cells,impaired schwann cell migration and axonal regrowth,reduced re-myelination of axo ns,and a block in macrophage clearance in the late stage of *** together,our findings indicate that Runx2 is a key regulator of schwann cell plasticity,and therefore peripheral nerve ***,our study shows that Runx2 plays a major role in schwann cell migration,re-myelination,and peripheral nerve functional recovery following injury.

关键词： macrophage clearance migration peripheral nerve injury regeneration re-myelination Runx2 schwann cells

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An improved pulse coupled neural networks model for semantic IoT

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Digital communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 557-567页

作者： Rong Ma Zhen Zhang Yide Ma Xiping hu Edith c.H.Ngai Victor c.M.Leung school of Information science and Engineering Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China school of Medical Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineer The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China college of computer science and software Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Department of Electrical and computer Engineering the University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada

In recent years,the Internet of Things(IoT)has gradually developed applications s.c. as.c.llecting sensory data and building intelligent services,which has led to an explosion in mobile data ***,with the rapid development of artificial intelligence,semantic communication has attracted great attention as a new communication ***,for IoT devices,however,processing image information efficiently in real time is an essential task for the rapid transmission of semantic *** the increase of model parameters in deep learning methods,the model inference time in sensor devices.c.ntinues to *** contrast,the Pulse coupled Neural Network(PcNN)has fewer parameters,making it more suitable for processing real-time scene tasks s.c. as image segmentation,which lays the foundation for real-time,effective,and accurate image ***,the parameters of PcNN are determined by trial and error,which limits its *** overcome this limitation,an Improved Pulse coupled Neural Networks(IPcNN)model is proposed in this *** IPcNN constructs the connection between the static properties of the input image and the dynamic properties of the neurons,and all its parameters are set adaptively,which avoids the inconvenience of manual setting in traditional methods and improves the adaptability of parameters to different types of *** segmentation results demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed self-adaptive parameter setting method of IPcNN on the gray images and natural images from the Matlab and Berkeley segmentation *** IPcNN method achieves a better segmentation result without training,providing a new solution for the real-time transmission of image semantic information.

关键词： Internet of things(IoT) semantic information Real-time application Improved pulse coupled neural network Image segmentation

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Mechanistic insight into cr(Ⅵ)retention by si-containing ferrihydrite

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第5期139卷 217-225页

作者： Ying hu Qiang Xue Honghan chen huaming Guo Kenneth c.carroll song Wang MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater circulation and Environmental Evolution School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China state Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Plant&Environmental science New Mexico State UniversityNM 88003USA Institute of Theoretical chemistry College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130023China

Hexavalent chromium[cr(Ⅵ)]causes serious harm to the environment due to its high toxicity,solubility,and ***(Fh)are the main adsorbent and trapping agent of cr(Ⅵ)in soils and aquifers,and they usually coexist with silicate(si),forming si-containing ferrihydrite(si-Fh)***,the mechanism of cr(Ⅵ)retention by si-Fh mixtures is poorly *** this study,the behaviors and mechanisms of cr(Ⅵ)adsorption onto si-Fh with different si/Fe molar ratios was *** electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and other techniques were used to characterize si-Fh and cr(Ⅵ)-loading of *** results show that specific surface area of si-Fh increases gradually with increasing si/Fe ratios,but cr(Ⅵ)adsorption on si-Fh decreases with increasing si/Fe *** is because with an increase in si/Fe molar ratio,the point of zero charge of si-Fh gradually decreases and electrostatic repulsion between si-Fh and cr(Ⅵ)***,the complexation of cr(Ⅵ)is enhanced due to the increase in adsorbed hydroxyl(A-OH-)on si-Fh with increasing si/Fe molar ratio,which partly counteracts the effect of the electrostatic ***,the increase in the electrostatic repulsion has a greater impact on adsorption than the additional complexation with *** functional theory calculation further supports this observation,showing the increases in electron variation of bonding atoms and reaction energies of inner spherical complexes with the increase in si/Fe ratio.

关键词： Hexavalent chromium Ferrihydrite si/Fe ratio cr(Ⅵ)Adsorption

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Doped low-density parity-check codes

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Digital communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 217-226页

作者： Yong Li Rui Liu Xianlong Jiao Youqiang hu Zhen Luo Francis.c.M.Lau college of computer science Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China school of Automation Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China college of Electronic and Information Engineering Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China Future Wireless Networks and IoT Focusing Area Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

In this paper,we propose a doping approach to lower the error floor of Low-Density Parity-check(LDPc)*** doping component is a short block code in which the information bits are selected from the coded bits of the dominant trapping sets of the LDPc ***,an algorithm for selecting the information bits of the short code is proposed,and a specific two-stage decoding algorithm is *** results demonstrate that the proposed doped LDPc code achieves up to 2.0 dB gain compared with the original LDPc code at a frame error rate of 10^(-6)Furthermore,the proposed design can lower the error floor of original LDPc codes.

关键词： LDPc codes Doped LDPc codes Tanner graph Quadratic residue codes Trapping sets

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Mapping out the reaction network of humin formation at the initial stage of fructose dehydration in water

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第6期9卷 1016-1026页

作者： Xing Fu Yexin hu Ping hu hui Li shuguang Xu Liangfang Zhu changwei hu Key Laboratory of Green chemistry and Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610064China state Key Laboratory of southwestern chinese Medicine Resources Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuan611137China

The formation of humins hampers the large-scale production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in ***,a detailed reaction network of humin formation at the initial stage of fructose-to-HMF dehydration in water is delineated by combined experimental,spectroscopic,and theoretical *** bimolecular reaction pathways to build up soluble humins are *** is,the intermolecular etherification of β-furanose at room temperature initiates the c12 path,whereas the c-c cleavage of a-furanose at 130-150℃ leads to c11 path,and that of open-chain fructose at 180℃ to c11' *** s.c.essive intramolecular dehydrations and condensations of the as-formed bimolecular intermediates lead to three types of soluble *** show that the c12 path could be restrained by using Hcl or Alcl_(3) catalyst,and both the c12 and c110 paths.c.uld be effectively inhibited by adding THF as a co-solvent or accelerating heating rate via microwave heating.

关键词： carbohydrates 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Reaction network soluble humins Tautomer

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Theoretical and experimental study of a bi-stable piezoelectric energy harvester under hybrid galloping and band-limited random excitations

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 461-478页

作者： Haitao LI Tianyu ZHENG Weiyang QIN Ruilan TIAN hu DING J.c.JI Liqun cHEN Department of Engineering Mechanics North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China Department of Engineering Mechanics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Department of Engineering Mechanics Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering Shanghai Frontier Science Center of MechnoinformaticsShanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and MechanicsSchool of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China school of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Technology SydneyNew South Wales 2007Australia

In the practical environment,it is very common for the simultaneous occurrence of base excitation and *** the combined energy of vibration and wind with a single energy harvesting structure is *** this purpose,the effects of the wind speed and random excitation level are investigated with the stochastic averaging method(sAM)based on the energy *** results of the analytical prediction are verified with the Monte-carlo method(McM).The numerical simulation shows that the introduction of wind can reduce the critical excitation level for triggering an inter-well jump and make a bi-stable energy harvester(BEH)realize the performance enhancement for a weak base ***,as the strength of the wind increases to a particular level,the influence of the random base excitation on the dynamic responses is weakened,and the system exhibits a periodic galloping response.A comparison between a BEH and a linear energy harvester(LEH)indicates that the BEH demonstrates inferior performance for high-speed *** experiments are conducted to investigate the validity of the theoretical prediction and numerical *** experimental findings also show that strong random excitation is favorable for the BEH in the range of low wind ***,as the speed of the incoming wind is up to a particular level,the disadvantage of the BEH becomes.c.ear and evident.

关键词： bi-stability inter-well response galloping band-limited random

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A functional gel polymer electrolyte based on PVDF-HFP/gelatin toward dendrite-free lithium metal batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2790-2799页

作者： Xiaoyi hu Kangli Liu shijie Zhang Guosheng shao s.Ravi P.silva Peng Zhang state center for International cooperation on Designer Low-carbon and Environmental Materials.c.LcEM) School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute(ZMGI) ZhongyuanzhiguXingyang 450100China Nanoelectronics.c.nter Advanced Technology InstituteUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU27XHUK

The leakage of liquid electrolyte and the formation of lithium dendrites pose challenges to safety and stability of lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The appearance of gel polymer electrolyte(GPE)has obviously improved the safety of traditional ***,the limited inhibition of GPE on lithium dendrites is detrimental to the safety of ***,a kind of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)/gelatin(GN)GPE with high ionic conductivity,high-temperature resistance,and flame-retardancy,was prepared by electrospinning and soaking *** the electrospinning network of PVDF-HFP,its affinity to liquid electrolytes,makes this GPE more beneficial to ions transport and the formation of ***,the GN with sol–gel properties,enhances the mechanical property(13.5 MPa)of HFP-GN ***,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs)and density functional theory(DFT)suggest that the attraction of polar groups of GN to Li+can regulate the distribution of Li+and protect Li ***,the application of HFP-GN GPEs to LMBs with cathodes of LiFePO_(4) and LicoO_(2) deliver excellent electrochemical performances:after 300 cycles,the LiFePO_(4)/HFP-GN GPE/Li battery keeps a low capacity decay rate of 0.09%at 5 c;after 400 cycles at 2 c,the LicoO_(2)/HFP-GN GPE/Li cell retains a high capacity retention of 74%.This GPE is demonstrated for the application prospect of safe LMBs.

关键词： poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP) gelatin polar groups lithium metal battery lithium dendrite

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Fracture mechanism of inclusions in thick plate center under tensile loading

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2024年第5期31卷 1196-1209页

作者： Lei hu Li-qin Zhang Feng hu Guo-hong Zhang Kuan Zheng collaborative Innovation center for Advanced steels Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina Department of Applied Phys.c. Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina Analysis and Testing center Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina

segregation of solute atoms in the center of thick plates of the tempered steel can cause an inhomogeneous structural transformation and generate micron-sized inclusions,which leads to lamellar tearing of thick plate and decreases the plasticity and *** formation and fragmentation mechanisms of micron-sized inclusions,like Mns and(Nb,Ti)c,in the center of thick plates were investigated by using thermodynamic calculations,finite element simulations,and electron backscatter diffraction characterization *** results show that micron-sized inclusions nucleate and grow in the liquid phase,and under tensile loading,they exhibit three fragmentation *** local stress during the fragmentation of inclusions is lower than the critical fracture stress of adjacent grains,and phase boundaries.c.n effectively impede crack propagation into the *** existence of a low proportion of high-angle grain boundaries(58.1%)and high Kernel average misorientation value(0.534°)in the segregation band promotes inclusions fragmentation and crack *** difference in crack initiation and propagation direction caused by the morphology of inclusions and phys.c.l properties,as well as different matrix arrest abilities,is the main reasons for the diversity of inclusion fragmentation.

关键词： Thick plate Inclusion Finite element simulation critical fracture stress Fracture mechanism

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