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The Polyphenol Content and Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Propolis’ Extracts

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2020年第6期10卷 350-364页

作者： Bratko Filipič Lidija Gradišnik Dunja Gregorič Adriana Pereyra Eva Ružić-Sabljić hrvoje mazija Croatian Institute for Experimental and Translation Oncology(CIETO) Koledinečka 03Zagreb 10040Croatia Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Medical Faculty of MariborTaborska 8Maribor 2000Slovenia Retired Glavarjeva 19Ljubljana 1000Slovenia Research and Developement Medex D.o.o.Linhartova 049aLjubljana 1000Slovenia Institutes of Microbiology and Immunology Medical FacultyZaloška 4Ljubljana 1105Slovenia

Propolis is a resinous natural product,produced by bees(Apis mellifera),from vegetable parts and plant ***’samples A,B,C and D were extracted with phosphate buffer saline(PBS)or with 70%EtOH at pH values 8.0,7.2 and 6.4 followed by:(1)reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)on Purospher®Star RP-18 column,the quantity of caffeic acid,chrysin,pinocembrin and galangin was determined;(2)determination of total flavonoids in both extracts;(3)antimicrobial tests of both extracts against(a)Gram-positive bacteria:methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),***,Streptococcus pyogenes,***,(b)Gram-negative bacteria:Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteus mirabilis,Acinetobacter baumanii and(c)yeast:Candida *** antimicrobial activity of propolis’PBS extracts against Gram-positive bacteria shows the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC,mg/mL)at pH 8.0 in sample C,followed by A,B and *** sample C,MICs at pH 8.0 were 0.007(***),0.015(MRSA),0.015(***)and 0.007(***).The polyphenol content of sample C is:flavonoid content 5.47±0.62 mg/mL,caffeic acid 1.33±0.92 mg/mL,chrysin 41.02±4.22μg/mL,pinocembrin 2.93±0.33 mg/mL and galangin 41.87±4.23 mg/*** extracts against Gram-negative bacteria show the lowest MIC(mg/mL)at pH 8.0 in sample D,followed by B,C and *** sample D,MICs at pH 8.0 were 0.003(***,***,***)and 0.007(***).Polyphenol content of sample D is:flavonoids 8.28±0.92 mg/mL,caffeic acid 3.56±0.32 mg/mL,chrysin 677.42±68.42μg/mL,pinocembrin 146.49±13.89 mg/mL and galangin 59.81±5.86 mg/*** strongest anti *** activity,with the lowest MIC(mg/mL),at pH 8.0 was in the sample C,followed by samples D,A and *** sample C,the MIC at pH 8.0 is 0.001(PBS extract).The antimicrobial activities of selected propolis samples correlate with their polyphenol content,more precisely,flavonoid,caffeic acid,chrysin,pinocembrin and galangin content.

关键词： Propolis pH phosphate buffer saline extract 70%EtOH extract antimicrobial activity

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Propolis Extracts Enhance the Antimicrobial Activity of Slovenian:Chestnut,Forest and Flower Honeys

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2019年第3期9卷 203-219页

作者： Bratko Filipic Klemen Rihar Dunja Exel Gregoric Lidija Gradisnik Adriana Pereyra Eva Ruzic-Sabljic Fabio Galeotti Alfredo Fachini hrvoje mazija Croatian Institute for Experimental and Translational Oncology(CIETO) Koledinecka 03Zagreb 10040Croatia Retired Chengdujska 4Ljubljana 1000Slovenia Retired Glavarjeva 19Ljubljana 1000Slovenia Institute of Biomedical Sciences Medical Faculty of MariborTaborska 8Maribor 2000Slovenia Medex D.o.o. Linhartova 49aLjubljana 1000Slovenia Institute for Microbiology and Immunology Medical Faculty of LjubljanaZloska 04Ljubljana 1105Slovenia Department of Life Sciences University of Modena&Regio EmiliaModena 41125Italy BNatural Via Gran SassoCorbettaMI 20011Italy

Because of the overuse and misuse of antibiotic, an increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria is evolving. Attention should be focused on natural alternatives to antibiotics, like propolis and honey. They all have strong antibacterial properties because of the active substances they contain. In the present study, the influence of P1 (water-soluble propolis (WSP) Greit 120) or P2 (phosphate buffer saline (PBS) propolis extract Lj. Center pH = 8.0) on antimicrobial activity of different Slovenian: chestnut honey (CH), forest honeys (FoH), and flower honey (FlH) against various Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria and yeast Candida albicans are shown. Gram-positive bacteria used in the experiments were: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus mutans. The yeast was Candia albicans. Gram-negative bacteria used were: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii. P1, P2, FoH, CH, FlH and their combinations were prepared in saline as 10% solutions. The composition of both propolis extracts and the three kinds of honey was determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). It expressed the antimicrobial activity as a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in mg/mL. Each of the two propolis extracts showed antimicrobial activity when applied alone. Also, the application of each of honey yielded an antimicrobial activity in decreasing order: CH, FoH and FlH honey. The combination of any of the propolis extract with any of the honey showed the additive antimicrobial effect on either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria and on yeast Candida albicans. The effectiveness of P1 or P2 depends on their nature and from the sort of honey and is the highest in the case of CH followed by FoH and FlH.

关键词： Honey propolis flavonoids antimicrobial activity enhancement

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Water Soluble Propolis and Royal Jelly Enhance the Antimicrobial Activity of Honeys and Promote the Growth of Human Macrophage Cell Line

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2016年第1期6卷 35-47页

作者： Bratko Filipic Lidija Gradisnik Eva Ruzic-Sabljic Brabara Trtnik Adriana Pereyra Domen Jaklic Rok Kopinc Jana Potokar Almin Puzic hrvoje mazija Institute for Microbiology and Immunology Medical Faculty Ljubljana University of Ljubljana Zalogka 4 Ljubljana 1105 Slovenia Institute for Biomedical Sciences Medical Faculty Maribor University of Maribor Taborska 8 Maribor 2000 Slovenia Research and Control Department MEDEX d o.o. Linhartova 49a Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia Veterinary Stations of Mostar Bigke Polje 106 Mostar 88000 Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatian Institute for Experimental and Translation Oncology Koledinedka 3 Zagreb 10040 Croatia

Due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotic, an increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria is evolving. Attention should be focused on natural alternatives to antibiotics, like propolis, royal jelly （R J） and honeys. They all have strong antibacterial properties due to the active substances they contain. This study investigated the effect of combination of water soluble propolis （WSP） Greitl20 or fresh royal jelly （F-RJ）（MiZigoj） and Forest honeys as antibacterial against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Acinetobacter baumanii, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA）, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae and Candida albicans. These substances are also cell growth promoters for human macrophage （TLT） cell line. WSP Greitl20, F-RJ （M） and different Forest honeys were prepared in saline as 10% solutions. The antimicrobial activity was expressed as the minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） in mg/mL. The growth promotion activity was measured at optical density （OD） 595 nm. The combination ofWSP Greitl20 with different Forest honeys is better than F-RJ （M） in same combination with different Forest honeys. The best antibacterial/antifungal activity was found with the combination of 10% WSP Greit 120 in the Forest honey （1：10） from Italy or Spain. When measuring the growth promoting activity of TLT cell line, the best activity was detected at the combination of 10% WSP Greitl20 in the Forest honey from Italy （GI3 = 0.796 ± 0.014 and GI5 = 1.133± 0.022）. Antimicrobial and growth promoting activities are correlated and WSP-dependent.

关键词： Propolis royal jelly Forest honey antimicrobial activity human macrophage cell line cell growth promoting activity.

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Additive Effects of Water-Soluble Propolis(Greit 120)and Human Interferon Alfa(HuIFN-αN3)against Influenza Viruses in Vitro

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2018年第1期8卷 36-47页

作者： Bratko Filipic Lidija Gradisnik Adriana Pereyra Rok Kopino Klemen Rihar Eva Ruzic-Sabljic Snezana Kramar Damir Dermie Eugen Soos Nicola Volpi Alfredo Fachini and hrvoje mazija Croatian Institute of Experimental and Translation Oncology Koledinecka 3Zagreb 10040Croatia Institute of Biomedical Sciences Medical Faculty of MariborTaborska 8Maribor 2000Slovenia Medex D.o.o. Linhartova 49bLjubljana 1000Slovenia Chengdujska 4 Ljubljana 1000Slovenia Institute of Microbiology and Immunology Medical FacultyZaloska 4Ljubljana 1105Slovenia Division of Molecular Biology Ruaer Boskovic InstituteBijenicka 54Zagreb 10000Croatia Trg Sv.Ivana 5 Klostar Ivanic 10312Croatia Department of Life Sciences University of Modena&Reggio EmiliaModena 41125Italy BNatural Via Gran Sasso 33Corbetta-MI 20011Italy

Influenza virus affects the respiratory tract in humans causing a range of distinct manifestations including fever, nasal secretions, cough, headaches, muscle pain and pneumonia, which could become violent and severe. It was found that influenza A viruses remain resistant to amantadine and rimantadin with high level of oseltamvir resistance. Therefore, there is a need for constant improvement of drugs active against resistant influenza viruses. Propolis has anti-influenza activity both in vitro and in vivo. Human leukocyte interferon （HuIFN-αN3） is a multi-subtype protein that displays an antiviral activity against influenza virus. In this study we elucidated the anti-influenza activity of the mixes of water-soluble propolis （WSP）（Greit 120） and HuIFN-αN3 at different ratios. Greit 120 polyphenols, total phenol acids and bioflavonoid were characterized by HPLC-UV-ESI-MS504971 and HuIFN-αN3 by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC）. Influenza A and B viruses were separately added to the LLC-MK2 cells treated with WSP （Greit 120） and HuIFN-αN3 alone or in proportions 1：1, 1：2 and 2：1. Plates were incubated and cytopathic effect was determined. The best results （ID50） were obtained with the mix of 10% WSP and HuIFN-αN3 in proportion 1：2, showing ID50 at 12 ± 0.2 μg/mL and 19 ± 0.6 μg/mL for influenza A and B viruses, respectively. When comparing anti-influenza activity of WSP （Greit 120）/HuIFN-αN3 with that of ribavirin, it was found that 1：2 was the optimal ratio for WSP （Greit 120）/HuIFN-αN3 （0.5 and 0.6 for influenza A and B, respectively）. This new formulation of WSP （Greit 120） and HuIFN-αN3, showing better anti-Influenza activity, will definitely improve its application in flu infections.

关键词： Water-soluble propolis Greit 120 HuIFN-αN3 anti-influenza activity ribavirin ID_(50)

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Special Issue on “Topological photonics and beyond:novel concepts and recent advances”

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 31-35页

作者： Zhigang Chen hrvoje Buljan Daniel Leykam TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300457China Department of Physics and Astronomy San Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCA 94132USA Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebBijenicka cesta 3210000 ZagrebCroatia Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore3 Science Drive 2Singapore 117543Singapore

The discovery of topological phases and topological insulators has revolutionized several fields of natural science,including condensed matter physics,materials science,and *** concepts have been implemented in a variety of materials and in a broad range of wave systems ranging from electronic,atomic,photonic,plasmonic,polaritonic,to microwave,acoustic,and mechanical waves.

关键词： topological microwave condensed

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Role of quantum dots nanoparticles in the chemical treatment of colored wastewater: Catalysts or additional pollutants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第9期23卷 1479-1485页

作者： hrvoje Kusic Danuta Leszczynska Natalija Koprivanac Igor Peterne Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Jackson State University Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology University of Zagreb

The objective of the study was to investigate the presence and the activity of quantum dots nanoparticles in colored *** special interest is devoted to the investigation of their role in the typical treatment of water or wastewater,studying their influence on the effectiveness of applied treatments *** standard chemical processes for water treatment and disinfection （direct UV photolysis and direct ozonation） were applied for the degradation of colored organic pollutant,reactive azo dye,in the presence/absence of CdSe/ZnS core-shells quantum *** obtained results indicated that investigated nanoparticles inhibit the overall efficiency of applied processes,especially in the case of direct UV photolysis,although catalytic effect might be expected in part due to the semiconductor nature of quantum *** results lead to a conclusion that CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles behave as additional pollutants in the *** should be removed from the system prior the treatment,because their presence could decrease the efficiency,i.e.,prolong the time of treatment and correspondingly increase the costs of the treatment process.

关键词： wastewater treatment CdSe/ZnS core-shells reactive azo dye UV irradiation ozone

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Efficient video-on-demand services over mobile datacast channels

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第5期7卷 873-884页

作者： JENKA hrvoje STOCKHAMMER Thomas ABDEL SAMAD Wissam Institute for Communications Engineering Munich University of Technology Munich 80333 Germany Nomor Research Bergen 83346 Germany BenQ Mobile Munich 81675 Germany

The integration of reliable Video-on-Demand (VoD) broadcasting schemes in the DVB-h transmission system is studied, exemplary for Pyramid Broadcasting (PB). Sophisticated VoD broadcasting schemes such as PB allow receivers to tune into the ongoing transmission of a video-stream at arbitrary time, while still being able to receive the multimedia sequence from the beginning to end, after a short initial playout latency. Raptor coding, integrated in the FLUTE protocol, is combined with the traditional PB scheme in order to provide high service and presentation reliability. We give a short overview on the DVB-h transmission system as well as on the FLUTE protocol. We present and discuss options for the integration of VoD broadcasting schemes in combination with Raptor coding. We achieve backward-compatibility even with terminals not supporting Raptor coding. Simulation results show the benefits of the discussed VoD scheme compared to existing carousel approaches in DVB-h.

关键词： Video-on-Demand (VoD) DVB-h Pyramid broadcasting FLUTE protocol Raptor code

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A framework for efficient irregular wave simulations using Higher Order Spectral method coupled with viscous two phase model

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2017年第4期2卷 253-267页

作者： Inno Gatin Vuko Vukčević hrvoje Jasak Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture University of ZagrebIvana Lučića 5ZagrebCroatia Wikki Ltd. 459 Southbank HouseSE17SJ LondonUnited Kingdom

In this paper a framework for efficient irregular wave simulations using Higher Order Spectral method coupled with fully nonlinear viscous,two-phase Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)model is *** model is based on solution decomposition via Spectral Wave Explicit Navier-Stokes Equation method,allowing efficient coupling with arbitrary potential flow *** Order Spectrum is a pseudo-spectral,potential flow method for solving nonlinear free surface boundary conditions up to an arbitrary order of *** is capable of efficient long time nonlinear propagation of arbitrary input wave spectra,which can be used to obtain realistic extreme *** facilitate the coupling strategy,Higher Order Spectrum method is implemented in foam-extend alongside the CFD *** of the Higher Order Spectrum method is performed on three test cases including monochromatic and irregular wave ***,the coupling between Higher Order Spectrum and CFD is validated on three hour irregular wave ***,a simulation of a 3D extreme wave encountering a full scale container ship is shown.

关键词： Higher Order Spectral method Irregular waves Extreme waves CFD Foam-extend

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On the Nature of the P-Wave Velocity Gradient in the Inner Core beneath Central America

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第5期24卷 699-705页

作者： hrvoje Tkali Thomas Bodin Mallory Young Malcolm Sambridge Research School of Earth Sciences the Australian National University Berkeley Seismological Laboratory University of California at Berkeley

We conduct an experiment to investigate whether linearity in the observed velocity gradient in the volume of the inner core sampled by the PKP ray paths beneath Central America is a robust approximation. Instead of solving an optimization problem, we approach it within the Bayesian inference. This is an ensemble approach, where model specification is relaxed so that in- stead of only one solution, groups of reasonable models are acceptable. Furthermore, in transdimen- sional Bayesian inference used here, the number of basis functions needed to model observations is by itself an unknown. Our modeling reveals that in the ensemble of models, the most likely are those containing only 2 nodes （linear trend）. Thus our result justifies the assumption used for the deter- mination of inner core rotation with respect to the rest of the mantle that the observed gradient is constant in its nature （linear）. Recent observations in seismology suggest that it is likely that the spa- tial variability in elastic parameters is a widespread phenomenon in the inner core. Future array observations will further constrain spatial extent and magnitude of velocity changes and show whether there is a significant difference between these observations in the two quasi-hemispheres of the inner core.

关键词： solid earth physics deep geophysics.

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Monolithic Coupling of the Pressure and Rigid Body Motion Equations in Computational Marine Hydrodynamics

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2017年第4期16卷 375-381页

作者： hrvoje Jasak Inno Gatin Vuko Vukcevic Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture University of Zagreb 10000 Zagreb Croatia

In Fluid Structure Interaction(FSI) problems encountered in marine hydrodynamics, the pressure field and the velocity of the rigid body are tightly coupled. This coupling is traditionally resolved in a partitioned manner by solving the rigid body motion equations once per nonlinear correction loop, updating the position of the body and solving the fluid flow equations in the new configuration. The partitioned approach requires a large number of nonlinear iteration loops per time–step. In order to enhance the coupling, a monolithic approach is proposed in Finite Volume(FV) framework,where the pressure equation and the rigid body motion equations are solved in a single linear system. The coupling is resolved by solving the rigid body motion equations once per linear solver iteration of the pressure equation, where updated pressure field is used to calculate new forces acting on the body, and by introducing the updated rigid body boundary velocity in to the pressure equation. In this paper the monolithic coupling is validated on a simple 2D heave decay case. Additionally, the method is compared to the traditional partitioned approach(i.e. "strongly coupled" approach) in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy. The comparison is performed on a seakeeping case in regular head waves, and it shows that the monolithic approach achieves similar accuracy with fewer nonlinear correctors per time–step. Hence, significant savings in computational time can be achieved while retaining the same level of accuracy.

关键词： monolithic coupling pressure equation rigid body motion computational fluid dynamics marine hydrodynamics seakeeping

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