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Survival outcomes in early-onset oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients:A systematic review and meta-analyses

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第38期30卷 4221-4231页

作者： Ashleigh Russell Shauna Mitchell Richard c Turkington Helen G coleman centre for Public Health Queen's University BelfastBelfast BT126BAUnited Kingdom Patrick G Johnston centre for cancer Research Queen's University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom

BAcKGROUND The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAc)has been reported to be increasing in many *** this trend,an increase in incidence of early-onset OAc,defined as OAc in adults aged under 50 years,has been *** is unclear whether survival outcomes for early-onset OAc patients differ from older age *** To investigate survival outcomes in early-onset OAc *** Ovid Medline and Embase were searched from inception to January 2022 for relevant studies relating to early-onset OAc.and survival *** regarding the overall five-year survival and risk of death of younger and older patients with OAc were extracted and pooled using meta-analyses to produce pooled estimates and 95%cIs where *** Eleven studies which compared survival of early-onset OAc,defined as age at diagnosis ofcluded.A narrative review of median and mean survival demonstrated conflic.ing results,with studies showing early-onset OAc patients having both better and worse outcomes compared to older age groups.A meta-analysis of five-year survival demonstrated similar outcomes across age groups,with 22%-25%of patients in the young,middle and older age groups alive after five years.A meta-analysis of four studies demon-strated that early-onset OAc patients did not have a significantly increased risk of death compared to middle-aged patients(hazard ratio 1.12,95%cI:0.85-1.47).INTRODUcTION There is concern that the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAc)in patients under 50,described as early-onset OAc,is ***,data regarding survival of younger patients with OAc is ***,while increasing age remains a major non-modifiable risk factor for cancer,the incidence of early-onset cancers,largely accepted to be in adults aged under 50 years,is increasing[1].This includes an observed increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies such as colorectal,oesophageal,gastric.and he

关键词： Early-onset cancer Early-onset oesophageal adenocarcinoma Survival cancer epidemiology Systematic review Meta-analysis

A Sharding Scheme Based on Graph Partitioning Algorithm for Public Blockchain

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computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 3311-3327页

作者： Shujiang Xu Ziye Wang Lianhai Wang Miodrag J.Mihaljevi′c Shuhui Zhang Wei Shao Qizheng Wang Key Laboratory of computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of EducationShandong Computer Science CenterQilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250014China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of computer Networks Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer ScienceJinan250014China Mathematical Institute The Serbian Academy of Sciences and ArtsBelgrade11000Serbia

Blockchain technology,with its attributes of decentralization,immutability,and traceability,has emerged as a powerful catalyst for enhancing traditional industries in terms of optimizing business ***,transaction performance and scalability has become the main challenges hindering the widespread adoption of *** to its inability to meet the demands of high-frequency trading,blockchain cannot be adopted in many *** improve the transaction capacity,researchers have proposed some on-chain scaling technologies,including lightning networks,directed acyclic graph technology,state c.annels,and shardingmec.anisms,inwhich sharding emerges as a potential scaling ***,excessive cross-shard transactions and uneven shard workloads prevent the sharding mec.anism from achieving the expected *** paper proposes a graphbased sharding scheme for public blockchain to efficiently balance the transaction *** crossshard transactions and evening-out workloads among shards,the scheme reduces transaction confirmation latency and enhances the transaction capacity of the ***,the scheme can achieve a high-frequency transaction as well as a better blockchain *** results show that the scheme effectively reduces the cross-shard transaction ratio to a range of 35%-56%and significantly decreases the transaction confirmation latency to 6 s in a blockchain with no more than 25 shards.

关键词： Blockchain sharding graph partitioning algorithm

Direct-Seeded Rice: Genetic Improvement of Game-c.anging Traits for Better Adaption

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 417-433页

作者： Priyanka NEGI Jagadish RANE Rajendra Sadashiv WAGH Tukaram Jayaram BhoR Dipti Digambar GODSE Priyanka JADHAV c.anILKUMAR Dasari SREEKANTH K.SAMMI REDDY Sharad Ramrao GADAKH K.M.BORAIH c.B.HARISHA P.S.BASAVARAJ Indian council of Agricultural Research(IcAR)-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management Baramati 413115India Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri 413722India IcAR-central Institute for Arid horticulture Bikaner 334006India IcAR-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753006India IcAR-Directorate of Weed Research Jabalpur 482004India Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola 444104India

The sustainability of rice production continues to be a subject of uncertainty and inquiry attributed to shifts in climatic conditions. In light of the impending climate c.ange crisis and the high labor and water costs accompanying it, direct-seeded rice(DSR) is unquestionably one of the most practical solutions. Despite its resource and climate-friendly advantages, early maturing rice faces weed competitiveness and seedling establishment challenges. Resolving these issues is crucial for promoting its wider adoption among farmers, presenting it as a more effective sustainable rice cultivation method globally. Diverse traditional and contemporary breeding methods are employed to mitigate the limitations of the DSR approach, leveraging advanced techniques such as speed breeding and genome editing. Focusing on key traits like mesocotyl length elongation, early seedling vigor, root system architecture, and weed competitiveness holds promise for transformative improvements in DSR adaptation at a broader scale within farming communities. This review aims to summarize how these features contribute to increased crop production in DSR conditions and explore the research efforts focusing on enhancing DSR adaptation through these traits. Emphasizing the pivotal role of these game-c.anging traits in DSR adaptation, our analysis sheds light on their potential transformative impact and offers valuable insights for advancing DSR practices.

关键词： climate c.ange direct-seeded rice aerobic rice early vigor trait

Non-linear dynamic state-space network modeling for decoding neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1879-1880页

作者： Venkata c.chirumamilla chi Wang Ip Martin Reich Robert Peach Jens Volkmann Bahman Nasseroleslami Muthuraman Muthuraman Prenatal Pediatrics Institute Children’s National HospitalWashingtonDCUSA Neural Engineering with Signal Analytics and Artificial Intelligence Department of NeurologyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany Academic Unit of Neurology Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinUniversity of DublinDublinIreland

Neurodegenerative disorders represent a pervasive global health challenge,yet therapeutic options remain conspicuously *** disorders are inherently dynamic processes within the central nervous system,unfolding across distinct sub-stages:initial structural neuronal alterations(sub-stage 1),functional impairment(sub-stage 2),and culminating in neuronal death(sub-stage 3).

关键词： alterations impairment dynamic

canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mec.anisms and major signaling crosstalk

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 103-134页

作者： Kevin Qin Michael Yu Jiaming Fan hongwei Wang Piao Zhao Guozhi Zhaoo Wei Zeng connie chen Yonghui Wang Annie Wang Zander Schwartz Jeffrey hong Lily Song William Wagstaff Rex c.Haydon Hue H.Luu Sherwin H.ho Jason Strelzow Russell R.Reid Tong-chuan He Lewis L.Shi chicago Medical School Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and Department of Clinical BiochemistryThe School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Interventional Neurology The First Dongguan Affiliated HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguanGuangdong 523475China Department of clinical Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200000China School of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA Laboratory of c.aniofacial Biology and Development Department of Surgery Section of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA

Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and *** Wnt ligands are a family of 19 secreted glycoproteins that mediate their signaling effects via binding to Frizzled receptors and LRP5/6 coreceptors and transducing the signal either throughβ-catenin in the canonical pathway or through a series of other proteins in the nonca-nonical *** of the individual components of both canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling have additional functions throughout the body,establishing the complex interplay between Wnt signaling and other signaling *** crosstalk between Wnt signaling and other pathways gives Wnt signaling a vital role in many cellular and organ ***-regulation of this system has been implicated in many diseases affec.ing a wide array of organ systems,including cancer and embryological defects,and can even cause embryonic *** complexity of this system and its interac.ing proteins have made Wnt signaling a target for many therapeutic ***,both stimulatory and inhibitory treatments come with potential risks that need to be *** review synthesized much of the current knowl-edge on the Wnt signaling pathway,beginning with the history of Wnt *** thoroughly described the different variants of Wnt signaling,including canonical,noncanonical Wnt/PcP,and the noncanonical Wnt/ca2+*** description involved each of its components and their involvement in other cellular ***,this review explained the various other pathways and processes that crosstalk with Wnt signaling.

关键词： β-catenin canonical Wnt Noncanonical Wnt Signal transduction Signaling crosstalk

A nerve-like self-healable conductive wire

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National Science Review 2024年第06期 89-90页

作者： Xuemei Fu Benjamin c.K.Tee Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Institute for Health Innovation and Technology National University of Singapore

In wearables and robotics, it is often required to deploy electronic devices at different spatially distributed locations for multi-functionality [1–3]. Thus, conductive wires for efficient interconnection of various electronic devices are ***, in practical applications, the frequent motion of wearers and robots will result in high-strain deformations of these wires, which could cause irreparable damage.

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cD4^(+)T cells produce IFN-I to license cDc1s for induction of cytotoxic T-cell activity in human tumors

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 374-392页

作者： Xin Lei Daniël c.de Groot Marij J.P.Welters Tom de Wit Ellen Schrama Hans van Eenennaam Saskia J.Santegoets Timo Oosenbrug Annemarthe van der Veen Joris L.Vos charlotte L.Zuur Noel F.c.c.de Miranda Heinz Jacobs Sjoerd H.van der Burg Jannie Borst Yanling Xiao Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands IMMIOS B.V. OssThe Netherlands Division of Medical Oncology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology Leiden University Medical center LeidenThe Netherlands Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

cD4^(+)T cells can"help"or"license" conventional type 1 dendritic cells(cDc1s)to induce cD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocyte(cTL)anticancer responses,as proven in mouse *** recently identified cDc1s with a transcriptomic imprint of cD4^(+)T-cell help,specifically in T-cell-infiltrated human cancers,and these cells were associated with a good prognosis and response to PD-1-targeting ***,we delineate the mec.anism of cDc1 licensing by cD4^(+)T cells in *** cD4^(+)T cells produce IFNβvia the STing pathway,which promotes MHc-I antigen(cross-)presentation by cDc1s and thereby improves their ability to induce cTL anticancer *** cooperation with cD40 ligand(L),IFNβalso optimizes the costimulatory and other functions of cDc1s required for cTL response ***-I-producing cD4^(+)T cells are present in diverse T-cell-infiltrated cancers and likely deliver“help”signals to cTLs locally,according to their transcriptomic profile and colocalization with“helped/licensed”cDcs and tumor-reactive cD8^(+)T *** agreement with this scenario,the presence of IFN-I-producing cD4^(+)T cells in the TME is associated with overall survival and the response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade in cancer patients.

关键词： cD4^(+)T-cell help cDc1 licensing IFN-I signaling cD40 costimulation (cross-)presentation cTL priming Tumor control

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation:anti-inflammatory effects in the brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1671-1677页

作者： Yolanda Diz-chaves Zainab Maastor carlos Spuch José Antonio Lamas Lucas c.González-Matías Federico Mallo Biomedical Research centre(cINBIO) Laboratory of EndocrinologyUniversity of VigoGalicia Sur Health Research InstituteVigoSpain Translational Neuroscience Research Group Galicia Sur Health Research InstituteCIBERSAMHospitalÁlvaro CunqueiroSala InvestigaciónEstrada Clara CampoamorVigoSpain Biomedical Research centre(cINBIO) Laboratory of NeuroscienceUniversity of VigoGalicia Sur Health Research InstituteVigoSpain

The glucagon-like peptide 1 is a pleiotropic hormone that has potent insulinotropic effects and is key in treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes and ***-like peptide 1 exerts its effects by activating a membrane receptor identified in many tissues,including diffe rent brain ***-like peptide 1 activates several signaling pathways related to neuroprotection,like the support of cell growth/survival,enhancement promotion of synapse formation,autophagy,and inhibition of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines,microglial activation,and apoptosis during neural *** glial cells,including astrocytes and microglia,maintain metabolic homeostasis and defe nse against pathogens in the central nervous *** brain insult,microglia are the first cells to respond,followed by reactive *** activated cells produce proinflammato ry mediators like cytokines or chemokines to react to the ***,under these circumstances,mic roglia can become chro nically inflammatory by losing their homeostatic molecular signature and,consequently,their functions during many *** processes promote the development of neurological disorders and influence their pathological evolution:like the formation of protein aggregates,the accumulation of abnormally modified cellular constituents,the formation and release by injured neurons or synapses of molecules that can dampen neural function,and,of critical impo rtance,the dysregulation of inflammato ry control *** glucagonlike peptide 1 receptor agonist emerges as a critical tool in treating brain-related inflammatory pathologies,restoring brain cell homeostasis under inflammatory conditions,modulating mic roglia activity,and decreasing the inflammato ry *** review summarizes recent advances linked to the anti-inflammato ry prope rties of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation in the brain related to multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkins

关键词： astrocytes brain glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor inflammation microglia

Enhancing BiVO_(4)photoanode performance by insertion of an epitaxial BiFeO_(3)ferroelectric layer

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 71-78,I0003页

作者： Haejin Jang Yejoon Kim hojoong choi Jiwoong Yang Yoonsung Jung Sungkyun choi Donghyeon Lee ho Won Jang Sanghan Lee School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju 61005Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea

BiVO_(4)(BVO)is a promising material as the photoanode for use in photoelectrochemical ***,the high charge recombination and slow charge transfer of the BVO have been obstacles to achieving satisfactory photoelectrochemical *** address this,various modifications have been attempted,including the use of ferroelectric *** materials can form a permanent polarization within the layer,enhancing the separation and transport of photo-excited electron-hole *** this study,we propose a novel approach by depositing an epitaxial BiFeO_(3)(BFO)thin film underneath the BVO thin film(BVO/BFO)to harness the ferroelectric property of *** self-polarization of the inserted BFO thin film simultaneously functions as a buffer layer to enhance charge transport and a hole-bloc.ing layer to reduce charge *** a result,the BVO/BFO photoanodes showed more than 3.5 times higher photocurrent density(0.65 mA cm^(-2))at 1.23 V_(RHE)under the illumination compared to the bare BVO photoanodes(0.18 m A cm^(-2)),which is consistent with the increase of the applied bias photon-to-current conversion efficiencies(ABPE)and the result of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)*** results can be attributed to the self-polarization exhibited by the inserted BFO thin film,which promoted the charge separation and transfer efficiency of the BVO photoanodes.

关键词： Photoelectrochemical Photoanode BiVO_(4) Ferroelectric materials BiFeO_(3)