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Animal plant warfare and secondary metabolite evolution

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Natural products and Bioprospecting 2013年第1期3卷 1-7页

作者： Steffen WÖLL Sun Hee KIM henry Johannes GRETEN Thomas EFFERTH Department of pharmaceutical Biology Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Institute of Biomedical Sciences(ICBAS) University of PortoPortugal

The enduring discussion,why plants produce secondary metabolites with pharmacologically and toxicologically active towards mammals traces back to the eminent role of medicinal plants in the millennia-old history of *** recent years,the concept of an animal plant warfare emerged,which focused on the co-evolution between plants and *** a reaction to herbivory,plants developed mechanical defenses such as thorns and hard shells,which paved the way for adapted animal *** evolved further defense systems by producing chemicals that exert toxic effects on the animals that ingest *** a result of this selective pressure,animals developed special enzymes,*** p450 monooxigenases(CYp450)that metabolize xenobiotic *** a next step in the evolutionary competition between plants and animals,plants evolved to produce non-toxic pro-drugs,which become toxic only after ingestion by animals through metabolization by enzymes such as *** these sequestered evolutionary developments call to mind an arms race,the term animal plant warfare has been *** evolutionary competition between plants and animals may help to better understand the modes of action of medicinal plants and to foster the efficient and safe use of phytotherapy nowadays.

关键词： natural products phytochemicals liver metabolism cytochrome p450 monooxigenase ABC-transporter herbivore

Validation of the trauma mortality prediction scores from a Malaysian population

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第4期5卷 254-259页

作者： Jih Huei Tan henry Chor Lip Tan Nur Azlin Md Noh Yuzaidi Mohamad Rizal Imran Alwi General Surgery Department Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru Malaysia pusat perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Cheras Malaysia Clinical Research Centre Hospital Sultan Ismail Johor Bahru Malaysia General Surgery Department Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru Malaysia

Background:Well-known trauma mortality prediction scores such as New Injury Severity Score (NISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) have been externally validated from high-income countries with established trauma databases. However, these scores were never used in Malaysian population. In this current study, we attempted to validate these scoring systems using our regional trauma surgery database. Methods:A retrospective analysis of the regional Malaysian Trauma Surgery Database was performed over a period of 3 years from May 2011 to April 2014. NISS, RTS, Major Trauma Outcome Study (MTOS)-TRISS, and National Trauma Database (NTrD)-TRISS scores were recorded and calculated. Individual scoring system's performance in predicting trauma mortality was compared by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve. Youden index and associated optimal cutoff values for each scoring system was calculated to predict mortality. The corresponding positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the cutoff values were calculated. Results:A total of 2208 trauma patients (2004 blunt and 204 penetrating injuries) with mean age of 36 (SD=16) years were included. There were 239 deaths with a corresponding mortality rate of 10.8%. The AUC calculated for the NISS, RTS, MTOS-TRISS, and NTrD-TRISS were 0.878, 0.802, 0.812, and 0.848, respectively. The NISS score with a cutoff value of 24, sensitivity of 86.6%and specificity of 74.3%, outperformed the rest (ppredicted by NISS with an overall accuracy of 75.6%;its positive predictive value was at 29.02%and negative predictive value at 97.86%. Conclusion:Amongst the four scores, the NISS score is the best trauma mortality prediction model suited for a local Malaysian trauma population. Further validation with multicentre data in the country may require to ascertain the finding.

关键词： Trauma scoring system prediction model Injury grading Southeast Asia New Injury Severity Score Revised Trauma Score Trauma and Injury Severity Score

A Case of DIpNECH and Review of the Current Literature

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2013年第2期3卷 68-72页

作者： patrick D. Mitchell Marcus p. Kennedy Michael T. henry Cork University Hospital Cork The Republic of Ireland

Diffuse Idiopathic Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia (DIpNECH) is a rare pulmonary disease. It was first described by Aguayo et al. in 1992, and recognised by the World Health Organisation in 2004 as a precursor lesion to the development of pulmonary carcinoid tumour. DIpNECH has been described in several isolated case reports and series. This article describes a case of DIpNECH and summaries the recent literature in an attempt to raise awareness of this disease and management options.

关键词： Neuroendocrine Carcinoid DIpNECH

The nature of neuronal words and language

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Natural Science 2010年第3期2卷 205-211页

作者： Morris henry Baslow 不详

Individual neurons in the brain possess natural language in the form of energy-dependent ac-tion potentials or spikes (S) operating on a mil-lisecond timescale that, along with pauses (p) between spikes, constitute a two letter (S, p) “alphabet” that is used to generate meaningful frequency-encoded neuronal “words”. These words are then used to transmit information to other neurons in the form of phrases consisting of two or more words that are contained within longer pause-delineated structured declarative sentences. In this article, the nature of neuronal words and language are described, and exam-ples provided that illustrate the way in which neuronal language is used by the brain to in-teract with and interpret both its internal and external environments. It is hoped that a fuller understanding of the language used by neurons to communicate may lead to development of novel treatments for a number of human neu-ropathies.

关键词： Biosemiotics Brain Cognition Language Learning Memory Neurons

Chinese Guqin Music and Calligraphy for Treating Symptoms of primary Insomnia

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2019年第1期2卷 48-52页

作者： Miranda M.Y.Fung henry S.R.Kao Stewart R W.Lam Tin Tin Kao Department of Chinese Medicine China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing Departments of psychology University of Hong KongHKSARChina Departments of psychology and Geography University of Hong KongHKSARChina

purpose:To investigate the intervention effiects of using traditional Chinese Guqin music and Chinese Calligraphy handwriting(CCH)for patients with primary ***:A total of ninety patients were assigned to control group,Guqin group,and calligraphy group for 8 *** 5 days a week,patients’heart rate variability(HRV)and frontal midline(FZ)electroencephalographic signals were recorded in a clinic during interventional period while either listening to Guqin music or writing *** in the control group remained in rest ***:For the Guqin group,the higher low-frequency-range HRV of coherence was found with marginal significance(p=0.055),and heart rate was significantly reduced(ppared to the prerest *** listening to Guqin music or calligraphy intervention,FZδ,FZθ,and FZα waves in the 8^th week compared to the 0^th week(pre Intervention)showed a significantly enhanced effect(.pps,for heart rate and FZδ and FZθ waves,calligraphy group showed significantly increased heart rate than the Guqin group(pnd the control group(p=0.004);increased FZδ wave than die Guqin group(pnd the control group(pnd increased FZθ wave than the Guqin group(p=0.024)and the control group(p=0.008)***:positive intervention effects on 11RV coherence of Guqin music;FZδ,FZθ,and FZα waves of Guqin music and calligraphy proved that Guqin music together with calligraphy training helping to promote physical and mental health,thereby it contributes to the clinical application of TCM psychology for patients with insomnia syndrome.

关键词： Alpha calligraphy Chinese calligraphy handwriting delta EEG brainwave Guqin heart rate variability physical and mental health primary insomnia TCM psychology theta

Additive Effect of Zfhx3/Atbf1 and pten Deletion on Mouse prostatic Tumorigenesis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2015年第7期42卷 373-382页

作者： Xiaodong Sun Changsheng Xing Xiaoying Fu Jie Li Baotong Zhang henry F.Frierson Jr. Jin-Tang Dong Winship Cancer Institute Department of Hematology and Medical OncologyEmory University School of Medicine Department of pathology Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of pathology University of Virginia Health System

The phosphatase and tensin homolog （pTEN） and the zinc finger homeobox 3 （ZFHX3）/AT-motif binding factor 1 （ATBF1） genes have been established as tumor suppressor genes in prostate cancer by their frequent deletions and mutations in human prostate cancer and by the formation of mouse prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia （mpIN） or tumor by their deletions in mouse prostates. However, whether ZFHX3/ATBF1 deletion together with pTEN deletion facilitates prostatic tumorigenesis is unknown. In this study, we simultaneously deleted both genes in mouse prostatic epithelia and performed histological and molecular analyses. While deletion of one pten allele alone caused low-grade （LG） mpIN as previously reported, concurrent deletion of Zfhx3/Atbfl promoted the progression to high-grade （HG） mpIN or early carcinoma. ZJhx3/Atbfl and pten deletions together increased cell proliferation, disrupted the smooth muscle layer between epithelium and stroma, and increased the number of apoptotic cells. Deletion of both genes also accelerated the activation of Akt and Erkl/2 oncoproteins. These results suggest an additive effect of ZFHX3/ATBF1 and pTEN deletions on the development and progression of prostate neoplasia.

关键词： ZFHX3 ATBFI pTEN prostate cancer mpIN

A new model of the L–H transition and H-mode power threshold

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plasma Science and Technology 2018年第9期20卷 12-23页

作者： Xingquan WU Guosheng XU Baonian WAN Jens Juul RASMUSSEN Volker NAULIN Anders henry NIELSEN Liang CHEN Ran CHEN Ning YAN Linming SHAO Institute of plasma physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 People's Republic of China Department of physics Technical University of Denmark Fysikvej DK-2800 Kgs.-Lyngby Denmark

In order to understand the mechanism of the confinement bifurcation and H-mode power threshold in magnetically confined plasma,a new dynamical model of the L-H transition based on edge instability phase transition（EIpT） has been *** the typical plasma parameters of the EAST tokamak,the self-consistent turbulence growth rate is analyzed using the simplest case of pressure-driven ballooning-type instability,which indicates that the L-H transition can be caused by the stabilization of the edge instability through *** weak E？×？B flow shear in L-mode is able to increase the ion inertia of the electrostatic motion by increasing the radial wave number of the tilted turbulence structures,which play an important role for accelerating the trigger process of EIpT rather than directly to suppress the turbulent *** the acceleration mechanism of E？×？B flow shear,fast L-H and H-L transitions are demonstrated under the control of the input heating *** to the simplified scrape-offlayer boundary condition applied,the ratio between the heating powers at the H-L and L-H transition respectively differs from the ratio by Nusselt *** results of the modeling reveal a scaling of the power threshold of the L-H transition,p_（L-H）？∝？n^（0.76） B^（0.8） for deuterium *** is found finite Larmor radius induces an isotope effect of the H-mode power threshold.

关键词： L-H transition power threshold E×B flow shear turbulence suppression edge instability

Effects of a soccer-specific vertical jump on lower extremity landing kinematics

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2022年第3期4卷 209-214页

作者： Sophia Mancini DClark Dickin Dorice Hankemeier Caroline Ashton Jordan Welch henry Wang Biomechanics Laboratory Ball State University47306USA School of Kinesiology Ball State University2000 W University AvenueMuncieIN47306USA

Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injury frequently occurs in female soccer athletes during deceleration movements such as *** soccer,landings mostly occur following jumping *** research has been done to determine the mechanics that follow and how they compare to standard drop vertical jumps(DVJ).The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in kinematics between the DVJ and the soccer-specific vertical jump(SSVJ)in female soccer athletes to better assess the sport-specific risk for ACL injury.A secondary aim was to compare second landings(L2)to first landings(L1).Eight female recreational soccer athletes performed DVJs and SSVJs initiated from a 31 cm *** capture was performed during landings and data were analyzed using repeated-measures *** produced less peak hip flexion(p=0.03)and less peak knee flexion(p=0.002)than *** also demonstrated increased ankle plantarflexion at initial contact(IC)than DVJs(p=0.005).L2s produced less peak hip(p=0.007)and knee flexion(p=0.002)than *** and L2s displayed a more erect landing posture than the DVJs and L1s at the hip and knee,a known ACL risk *** significant results between jump styles show that the SSVJ displays mechanics that are different from the *** SSVJ may be a better sport-specific screening tool for ACL injury mechanisms than the DVJ in soccer athletes as it has a more direct translation to the sport.

关键词： ACL Female soccer athletes Jump landing Kinematics Injury mechanisms

Effect of protein sources on performance characteristics of turkeys in the first three weeks of life

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第4期5卷 396-406页

作者： Megan L.Ross Dervan D.S.L.Bryan Dawn A.Abbott henry L.Classen Department of Animal and poultry Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonS7N 5A8SaskatchewanCanada

The effect of nutrition during the early life of turkey poults has a long-lasting impact on bird *** study assessed the digestibility of 5 high protein feed ingredients(soybean meal [SBM],corn gluten meal [CGM],canola protein concentrate [CpC],fish meal [FM],and porcine meal [pCM]) in broiler chickens,as well as their use in turkey pre-starter diets fed to 21 d of *** first experiment(5 × 2 factorial arrangement) determined nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy(AMEn) and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility(AIAAD) of each ingredient in broiler chickens at 5 and 21 d of age,using 6 replications of 30 and 8 chicks,*** the second experiment(completely randomized design),4 replication pens,containing 23 d-old poults,were randomly assigned to one of 5 dietary *** diets were formulated based on the AMEn and AIAAD values derived in the first experiment,and consisted of a high SBM control diet,and 4 additional diets with either CpC,FM,pCM or CGM replacing 25% of the protein supplied by SBM in the control *** analysis was completed using proc Mixed in SAS *** contrasts were used to compare treatments in the second *** were identified at p nd significant differences identified at p≤*** age did not affect CpC,FM,CGM,and SBM AMEn,but the pCM value at d 5 was higher than that at d *** ileal amino acid digestibility increased with age for most amino acids(AA),but the response was AA and protein source *** largest average increase in AIAAD between 5 and 21 d of age was observed for *** of CpC,FM,pCM,or CGM increased body weight up to 14 d,in comparison to poults fed the SBM diet,but feed efficiency and water consumption were not *** ileum digesta moisture values were higher for birds fed SBM when compared to those fed *** results demonstrate that combining SBM with CpC,FM,pCM,or CGM improves poult performance during the first 14 d of

关键词： Soybean meal Corn gluten meal Canola meal Fish meal porcine meal Turkeys