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Self-medication with nutritional supplements and herbal over-the-counter products

Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2011年第2期1卷 62-70页

作者： Tolga EICHHORN henry johannes greten Thomas EFFERTH Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityStaudinger Weg 555128 MainzGermany Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine Karlsruher Straße 1269126 HeidelbergGermanyand Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel SalazarUniversity of PortoPortugal

In recent years,the popularity increased for nutritional supplements and herbal *** drugs,but not herbal therapies are paid by health *** are sold over-the-counter(OTC)on the patients’own ***,there are potential risks of self-medication,*** self-diagnosis,severe adverse reactions,dangerous drug interactions,risk of addiction *** are often used by patients at their own discretion without knowledge of and control by their *** users are at risk of *** medications taken by older patients increase the risk for adverse drug reactions,drug-drug interactions,and compliance problems for this age group(polypharmacy).Herbals should be discontinued prior to operations to avoid interactions with anesthetics or *** preparations may also be carcinogenic or interfere with cancer *** women use various OTC ***,in many cases,it is unclear whether their use is safe for mother or ***-medication with herbals is also largely distributed among anxious and depressive patients,and patients with other conditions and *** popularity of herbal products has also brought concerns on quality,efficacy and *** of botanical misidentification,contaminations with heavy metals,pesticides,radioactivity,organic solvents,microbials as well as adulteration with chemical drugs necessitate the establishment of international quality control *** effects have been reported for more than 300 plant species,and some commonly used herbs have been demonstrated to interact with Western *** care professionals have a critical responsibility assessing the self-care ability of their *** are available for pharmacists with information on action,side effects and toxicities as well as herbdrug *** is a need for established guidelines regarding the correct use of nutritional supplements and herbal OTC pre

关键词： botanicals contamination complementary and alternative medicine drug interactions geriatric gynecology insomnia hepatotoxicity menopause nephrotoxicity over-the-counter pain phase I/II enzymes pharmacognosy pharmacovigilance phyto-chemicals phytotherapy phytovigilance quality control

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Animal plant warfare and secondary metabolite evolution

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2013年第1期3卷 1-7页

作者： Steffen WÖLL Sun Hee KIM henry johannes greten Thomas EFFERTH Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Institute of Biomedical Sciences(ICBAS) University of PortoPortugal

The enduring discussion,why plants produce secondary metabolites with pharmacologically and toxicologically active towards mammals traces back to the eminent role of medicinal plants in the millennia-old history of *** recent years,the concept of an animal plant warfare emerged,which focused on the co-evolution between plants and *** a reaction to herbivory,plants developed mechanical defenses such as thorns and hard shells,which paved the way for adapted animal *** evolved further defense systems by producing chemicals that exert toxic effects on the animals that ingest *** a result of this selective pressure,animals developed special enzymes,*** P450 monooxigenases(CYP450)that metabolize xenobiotic *** a next step in the evolutionary competition between plants and animals,plants evolved to produce non-toxic pro-drugs,which become toxic only after ingestion by animals through metabolization by enzymes such as *** these sequestered evolutionary developments call to mind an arms race,the term animal plant warfare has been *** evolutionary competition between plants and animals may help to better understand the modes of action of medicinal plants and to foster the efficient and safe use of phytotherapy nowadays.

关键词： natural products phytochemicals liver metabolism cytochrome P450 monooxigenase ABC-transporter herbivore

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What is the Role of Chinese Medical Theory in Modern Scientific Research

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Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science 2008年第5期6卷 259-260页

作者： henry johannes greten ICBAS Porto UniversityPortoPortugal Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine and German Society for TCMHeidelbergGermany

Defining the classical Chinese diagnosis such as by the Heidelberg model of TCM has shown that outcome of studies is largely dependent on classical diagnostic criteria. The quality of future studies in TCM will largely depend on a variety of factors, such as （1） the classical Chinese diagnosis as an inclusion criterion, （2） objectively measurable parameters as the main criterion of outcome, （3） double blinding of controls. A common understanding of the diagnosis and functional criteria of TCM is therefore necessary, as well as a common understanding of the functional terminology and rationally accessible theory. This underlines the necessity of classical Chinese medical theory for modem scientific research, its proper definition and application in studies.

关键词： Traditional Medicine, Chinese Acuouncture-Moxibustion: Methods

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欧洲草药禁令对草药疗法的影响(英文)

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中西医结合学报 2012年第4期10卷 357-361页

作者： Thomas Efferth henry johannes greten Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityStaudinger Weg 555128 MainzGermany Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine Karlsruher Straβe 1269126 HeidelbergGermany Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar University of PortoPortoPortugal

The European Parliament and Council enacted a directive on traditional herbal medicinal products (THMPD;Directive 2004/24/EC) as an amendment to an earlier directive on the use of medicinal products(Directive 2001/83/... 详细信息

关键词：植物药用补充疗法药物相互作用药物非处方质量控制欧盟

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Diagnosis and Objective Pain Assessment of Traditional Chinese Medicine May Be Useful to Demonstrate Specific Effects of Acupuncture in Low Back Pain: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled and Single Blinded Pre-study

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Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science 2013年第3期11卷 155-159页

作者： Susana Seca Paula Capelo Thomas Efferth Christoph Alexander Doenitz Sven Schroeder Ana Anjos Jorge Machado henry johannes greten Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of PortoPortoPortugal Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine Heidelberg Germany University Hospital Center of Coimbra CoimbraPortugal Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto Porto Portugal HanseMerkur Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP) University of Porto Portugal German Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine Heidelberg Germany

Objective: To prove specific effects of acupuncture on chronic pain. It was speculated that the potential specific effectiveness of acupuncture could be better shown in more properly designed studies. Therefore, diagnoses of both Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were used as inclusion criteria to allocate acupoints more precisely to the complaints of the patients. Secondly, objectively measurable parameters of pain relief in addition to usual Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were chosen to quantify the effects of acupuncture. Methods: The study was prospective, randomized, controlled and single-blinded. Eighteen patients with chronic back pain and TCM diagnosis of a Taiyang/Yangming syndrome received one single session of acupuncture chosen according to TCM diagnosis or acupuncture on points outside the meridian system (controls). We evaluated pain via VAS and increased mobility via inclinometry of the back. Results: Although the sample size was small, there was a statistically significant improvement in pain and mobility in the intervention group (n=13), but not in the control group (n=5). The calculated sample size adequate power was lower for inclinometry than for VAS, indicating that VAS is less probable to discriminate acupuncture effects. Conclusion: Objectively measurable physical parameters such as the angle of flexion before and after acupuncture (inclinometry) may be more suitable to measure pain relief than subjective assessment by VAS in acupuncture studies. TCM diagnosis may be a helpful inclusion criterion in studies on acupuncture, so as to potentially allocate interventions better to the complaints of patients.

关键词： Low Back Pain Traditional Chinese Medicine Acupuncture Therapy Sham Acupuncture Randomized Controlled Trial

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Quantification of Acupuncture Effects on Peripheral Neuropathy of Unknown and Diabetic Cause by Nerve Conduction Studies

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Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science 2008年第5期6卷 312-314页

作者： Sven Schroeder Andrew Remppis Tobias greten Frank Brazkiewicz Michael Morcos henry johannes greten Hamburg Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Germany Heidelberg School of Chinese MedicineGermany German Society for TCMGermany Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine Germany Dpt.of Internal Medicine ⅢUniversity Hospital of HeidelbergGermany German Society for TCMGermany German Society for TCM Germany Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine Germany Bremen Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineGermany German Society for TCMGermany Dpt.of Internal Medicine Ⅰ University Hospital of HeidelbergGermany Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine Germany Instituto di Ciencas Biomedicas Abel SalazarUniversity of PortoDepartment of NeurophysiologyPortugal German Society for TCMGermany

Objective： To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on peripheral neuropathy （PN） as measured by changes in nerve conduction studies （NCS）. Methods： 192 patients with PN were evaluated over a period of 1 year. In 17 patients diabetic neuropathy was found. 3 of these patients received acupuncture therapy according to classical Chinese medicine as defined by the Heidelberg model of TCM and all improved in NCS. Of the 14 non-specifically treated patients, 3 （21.4%） presented with improved NCS and 11 （78.6%） aggravated in NCS （P〈0.03）. An overall of 47 patients met the criteria for PN of undefined aetiology, 21 patients received acupuncture therapy, while 26 patients received no specific treatment. All groups were examined by NCS before treatment and 4 months later. Results： 1） Diabetic neuropathy, in the control-group 3 patients improved and 11 showed an aggravation. Comparison of groups was significantly different. 2） PN, 16 patients （76.2%） in the acupuncture group improved, while only 4 patients in the control group （15.4%） did so. 3 patients in the acupuncture group （14.3%） showed no change and 2 patients an aggravation （9.5%）, whereas in the control group 7 patients showed no change （26.9%） and 15 an aggravation （57.7%）.Comparison of the groups was significantly different. Conclusion： There is a positive effect of acupuncture on PN, as measured by objective parameters （NCS）.

关键词： Acupuncture Therapy Diabetic Neuropathies Nerve Conduction

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Effectiveness of Acupuncture on Pain, Physical Function and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Evidence

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第9期25卷 704-709页

作者： Susana Seca Diana Miranda Daniela Cardoso Bernice Nogueira henry J.greten Antonio Cabrita Manuel Alves Rodrigues Faculty of Medicine University of CoimbraInstitute of Science Biomedicine Abel Salazar University of Porto Porto PortugalHeidelberg School of Chinese Medicine Heidelberg Germany Institute of Science Biomedicine Abel Salazar University of Porto Porto Portugal Health Sciences Research Unit:Nursing (UICISA: E) Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC) Portugal Centre for Evidenee Based Practice: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence Coimbra Portugal School of Health Sciences Macao Polytechnic Institute Macao SAR China Institute of Science Biomedicine Abel Salazar University of PortoHeidelberg School of Chinese Medicine Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra Portugal Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA:E) Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC)Portugal Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence Portugal

Objective: To identify and synthesize the most recent available evidence of effectiveness of acupuncture on pain, physical function and health-related quality of life(HRQoL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA). Methods: A comprehensive search of 12 Western and Chinese databases was undertaken from their inception up to end of 2016. Randomized controlled trials(RCTs), concerning patients with RA treated with needle acupuncture, written in English, Portuguese, German or Chinese were included. Primary outcomes included pain, physical function and HRQoL. Secondary outcomes included morning stiffness, functional impairment, number of tender and swollen joints and serum concentrations of inflamatory markers. Methodological quality was assessed by three independent reviewers using the standardized critical appraisal instrument from the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument. Results: Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 9 studies were excluded after assessment of their methodological quality. The remaining 13 original RCTs included 974 patients. Ten of these studies published in China, showed favorable statistical significant effects of acupuncture in relieving symptoms of RA compared with controls. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that acupuncture interventions may have a positive effect in pain relief, physical function and HRQo L in RA patients. However, due to the heterogeneity and methodologic limitations of the studies included in this systematic review, evidence is not strong enough to produce a best practice guideline.

关键词： acupuncture rheumatoid arthritis quality of life pain physical function randomized clinical trial

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MCC1019,a selective inhibitor of the Polo-box domain of Polo-like kinase 1 as novel,potent anticancer candidate

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2019年第5期9卷 1021-1034页

作者： Sara Abdelfatah Angela Berg Qi Huang Li Jun Yang Sami Hamdoun Anette Klinger henry J.greten Edmond Fleischer Thorsten Berg Vincent K.W.Wong Thomas Efferth Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz55128Germany Leipzig University Institute of Organic ChemistryLeipzig04103Germany State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina MicroCombiChem GmbH Wiesbaden65203Germany Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of PortoPorto4099-003Portugal

Polo-like kinase(PLK1) has been identified as a potential target for cancer *** a number of small molecules have been investigated as PLK1 inhibitors, many of which showed limited selectivity. PLK1 harbors a regulatory domain, the Polo box domain(PBD), which has a key regulatory function for kinase activity and substrate recognition. We report on 3-bromomethylbenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester(designated: MCC1019) as selective PLK1 inhibitor targeting PLK1 PBD. Cytotoxicity and fluorescence polarization-based screening were applied to a library of 1162 drug-like compounds to identify potential inhibitors of PLK1 PBD. The activity of compound MC1019 against the PLK1 PBD was confirmed using fluorescence polarization and microscale *** compound exerted specificity towards PLK1 over PLK2 and PLK3. MCC1019 showed cytotoxic activity in a panel of different cancer cell lines. Mechanistic investigations in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells revealed that MCC1019 induced cell growth inhibition through inactivation of AKT signaling pathway, it also induced prolonged mitotic arrest—a phenomenon known as mitotic catastrophe, which is followed by immediate cell death via apoptosis and necroptosis. MCC1019 significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo in a murine lung cancer model without affecting body weight or vital organ size, and reduced the growth of metastatic lesions in the lung. We propose MCC1019 as promising anti-cancer drug candidate.

关键词： Polo-like kinase PLK1 Polo box domain Mono-targeted therapy Cell cycle Necroptosis Spindle damage

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量化中医学中“寒”与“热”的初步临床研究(英文)

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中西医结合学报 2012年第5期10卷 532-537页

作者： Christoph A.Doenitz Ana Anjos Thomas Efferth Tobias greten henry J.greten Institute of Biomedical Sciences(ICBAS) University of PortoLargo Professor Abel Salzar 24099-030 PortoPortugal German Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine 69126 HeidelbergGermany Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine 69126 HeidelbergGermany Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of MainzMainzGermany

目的:本研究探讨通过测量微循环相关指标客观衡量针刺效果的可能性,中医寒证针刺治疗前毛细血管灌注状态的意义,以及微循环相关指标在未来中医诊断中的意义。方法:本研究为前瞻性、非对照、不设盲临床研究。研究共纳入32例股骨骨折手术... 详细信息

目的:本研究探讨通过测量微循环相关指标客观衡量针刺效果的可能性,中医寒证针刺治疗前毛细血管灌注状态的意义,以及微循环相关指标在未来中医诊断中的意义。方法:本研究为前瞻性、非对照、不设盲临床研究。研究共纳入32例股骨骨折手术后的老年患者。这些患者均接受施于胃经梁丘穴的"豹斑点刺"针刺治疗。针刺治疗前后使用白光光谱学及激光多普勒测量微循环相关指标如血流速率、血流量、血红蛋白含量、氧饱和度等。结果:股骨骨折后,根据血流量的不同,患者被分为两组,即高灌注组和低灌注组。低灌注组的毛细血管血流量及血流速率在针刺治疗后明显增加,而高灌注组则无明显改变。如果不考虑患者在针刺治疗前的灌注状态,则统计分析表明所有患者针刺治疗前后的灌注状态均无明显改变,因此针刺的作用可能被患者的异质性所掩盖。结论:微循环相关指标对于客观衡量针刺的治疗效果及描述针刺治疗前的营养性功能以均衡比较组之间的差异有重要意义。在本试验中,局部寒证(腿部的毛细血管低灌注)可以通过针刺补气血的胃经梁丘穴得到显著改善,而在热证组(毛细血管高灌注)未见明显改变。未来的研究可以通过将中医营养参数测量的营养状态与中医诊断中的主要证候相联系而得到更多结论。

关键词：针刺疗法微循环股骨骨折中医学说血流速度血红蛋白类临床试验

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气功缓解物理治疗师职业倦怠的初步研究(英文)

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中西医结合学报 2012年第11期10卷 1233-1239页

作者： Joāo Pedro Saganha Christoph Doenitz Tobias greten Thomas Efferth henry J. greten Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Porto German Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry University of Mainz

目的:本研究探讨物理治疗师发生职业倦怠的普遍性,了解气功疗法是否可以有效地缓解这类情况,并为今后更深入的研究提供初步的数据。方法:物理治疗师们在试验前先完成一份人口调查问卷以及职业倦怠问卷,然后选择那些在最重要的量表维度... 详细信息

目的:本研究探讨物理治疗师发生职业倦怠的普遍性,了解气功疗法是否可以有效地缓解这类情况,并为今后更深入的研究提供初步的数据。方法:物理治疗师们在试验前先完成一份人口调查问卷以及职业倦怠问卷,然后选择那些在最重要的量表维度中显示职业倦怠水平最高的物理治疗师分为干预组和对照组。8个干预组成员需完成一个由海德堡中医学院研发的特定的气功介入,另外8个对照组成员则被排在等待名单中。在为期3周的治疗或等待后,再一次对两组人员进行职业倦怠问卷调查,并比较前后两次的结果。结果:对106个物理治疗师(36名男性,70名女性)的职业倦怠问卷结果显示,52人(49%)存在情绪疲劳,36人(33.9%)存在自我感觉丧失,33人(31.2%)成就感降低,而在这33人中有4人(3.8%)存在严重的工作倦怠情绪,29人(27.4%)则处于中等程度倦怠。气功治疗干预组的情绪疲劳分量表的平均值从38.0下降到31.4,而对照组的均值从33.9上升到37.9,两组数据差异具有统计学意义(P =0.023)。气功治疗使自我感觉丧失分量表的平均值从10.8降低到6.8,而在对照组中则从7.3上升到10.6,干预组与对照组之间的差异同样具有统计学意义(P =0.013)。关于成就感的分量表,两组数据之间的差异不明显。结论:气功可以有效改善职业倦怠的症状,此类气功是自我控制工作倦怠感的有效途径。每天仅需2次,每次5min的练习就能取得一定的效果。本次试验的结果也为今后进行更大范围的盲法、对照、随访试验设计奠定了基础。

关键词：气功厌倦,职业性物理治疗技术生物反馈试点项目

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