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Giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)neonates use broadband calls to communicate with their mothers

Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 277-287页

作者： Lin ZHAO Jianbin CHENG Wen ZENG Bo YANG Guiquan zhang Desheng LI hemin zhang Christina DBUESCHING Dingzhen LIU Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant PandaDujiangyanSichuan611830China Department of Biology Irving K.Barber Faculty of ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaOkanaganKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada

Infant call structure should have evolved to elicit maximum maternal attention and *** of giant pandas produce three types of vocalizations reported to be vitally important in the context of mother–infant ***,how cubs,0–15 days old,communicate with their mothers to elicit maternal care remains *** analyzed 12 different call parameters of 3475 squawks,1355 squalls,and 491 croaks from 11 captive giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)neonates from age 0 to 15 *** playback experiments,we also tested whether mothers could detect *** results show that neonates use broadband calls with ultrasonic frequencies up to 65 kHz to convey information about their physiological needs and to attract maternal *** playback experiments,we tested if mothers reacted differently to broadband calls(BBC)than to artificially altered calls that included only frequencies20 kHz(USC).Playback confirmed that,although adult females responded significantly less often to USC,BBC than to or AUDC,they could detect USC,BBC and generally made appropriate behavioral responses,indicating a potential benefit for neonates to utilize ultrasonic and broadband *** findings provide a new insight into mother–infant communication in giant pandas and will be helpful for reducing the mortality of cubs,younger than 1 month old,in captivity.

关键词： acoustic communication broadband calls maternal care neonates ultrasonic frequencies

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Friend or foe? Using eye-tracking technology to investigate the visual discrimination ability of giant pandas

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 430-439页

作者： Xinrui Huang Guo Li Guiquan zhang Zixiang Li Lin Zhao Mengdie Zhu Qinghua Xiang Xuefeng Liu Mei Tian hemin zhang Christina D.Buesching Dingzhen Liu Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringDepartment of EcologyCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant PandaSichuan 623004China School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Beijing Key Laboratoryof CaptiveWildlife Technology Beijing ZooBeijing100044China Department of Biology Irving K.Barber Faculty of ScienceThe University of British ColumbiaOkanagan CampusKelownaBCCanada

The role that visual discriminative ability plays among giant pandas in social communication and individual discrimination has received less attention than olfactory and auditory ***,we used an eye-tracker technology to investigate pupil fixation patterns for 8 captive male giant pandas Ailuropoda *** paired images(N=26)of conspecifics against:1)sympatric predators(gray wolves and tigers),and non-threatening sympatric species(golden pheasant,golden snub-nosed monkey,takin,and red panda),2)conspecifics with atypical fur colora-tion(albino and brown),and 3)zookeepers/non-zookeepers wearing either work uniform or plain *** each session,we tracked the pan-da's pupil movements and measured pupil first fixation point(FFP),fixation latency,total fixation count(TFC),and duration(TFD)of attention to each ***,pandas exhibited similar attention(FFPs and TFCs)to images of predators and non-threatening sympatric *** of golden pheasant,snub-nosed monkey,and tiger received less attention(TFD)than images of conspecifics,whereas images of takin and red panda received more attention,suggesting a greater alertness to habitat or food competitors than to potential ***'TFCs were greater for images of black-white conspecifics than for albino or brown phenotypes,implying that familiar color elicited more *** reacted differently to images of men versus *** images of women only,pandas gave more attention(TFC)to familiar combinations(uniformed zookeepers and plain-clothed non-zookeepers),consistent with the familiarity *** pandas can use visual perception to discriminate intra-specifically and inter-specifically,including details of human appearance,has applications for panda conservation and captive husbandry.

关键词： eye movement tracker giant panda images total fixation duration total pupil fixation count visual discrimination.

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临床实习护生护患沟通能力现状及培养方式研究——以温州医科大学护理专业为例

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科教导刊 2024年第7期 144-147页

作者：张和敏吴昊应亮温州医科大学仁济学院浙江温州325035

文章以温州医科大学护理专业学生护患沟通能力特征为切入点,分析当前护生医患沟通现状中出现的具体问题和影响因素,从而提出有针对性的对策和建议。以“护理专业学生护患沟通能力评价量表”为测量工具,对2020届211名实习护生进行调查并... 详细信息

文章以温州医科大学护理专业学生护患沟通能力特征为切入点,分析当前护生医患沟通现状中出现的具体问题和影响因素,从而提出有针对性的对策和建议。以“护理专业学生护患沟通能力评价量表”为测量工具,对2020届211名实习护生进行调查并分析。影响护生沟通能力因素有多种,在临床沟通能力各维度中,收集信息得分相较其他五个维度较好,得分最低的两个维度是计划和准备、获得以及理解病人的观点。当前本科实习护生护患沟通能力有待进一步提升。

关键词：临床实习护生护患沟通沟通能力培养

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千层纸素A调控胆碱能抗炎通路抑制结核分枝杆菌致巨噬细胞焦亡

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中华微生物学和免疫学杂志 2024年第5期44卷 423-430页

作者：张贺敏沈晶晶刘芳琳吴鉴超刘亚奇姜昕上海中医药大学中西医结合学院免疫学与病原生物学教研室上海201203

目的探讨千层纸素A(oroxylin A,OrA)对结核分枝杆菌感染诱导的巨噬细胞焦亡的作用及分子机制。方法构建结核分枝杆菌感染J774A.1细胞体外模型;MTT法检测OrA对J774A.1细胞活力的影响;乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)检测试剂盒检... 详细信息

目的探讨千层纸素A(oroxylin A,OrA)对结核分枝杆菌感染诱导的巨噬细胞焦亡的作用及分子机制。方法构建结核分枝杆菌感染J774A.1细胞体外模型;MTT法检测OrA对J774A.1细胞活力的影响;乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)检测试剂盒检测细胞LDH释放水平;Western blot检测细胞焦亡相关蛋白NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)、GSDMD-N、caspase1-p20、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD,ASC)、α7烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,α7nAChR)蛋白质表达水平及NF-κB p65的磷酸化。ELISA检测各组细胞IL-1β表达水平;免疫荧光检测α7nAChR蛋白及定位。结果MTT结果表明OrA在80μmol/L浓度范围内对J774A.1细胞无细胞毒性;OrA抑制J774A.1细胞LDH的释放,降低细胞焦亡相关蛋白NLRP3、GSDMD-N、caspase1-p20的蛋白质表达水平以及ASC寡聚化,促进α7nAChR蛋白表达,并抑制NF-κB p65磷酸化和IL-1β的释放;加入α7nAChR激动剂PNU282987可降低GSDMD-N并抑制NF-κB p65磷酸化。结论OrA可能通过调控胆碱能抗炎通路抑制结核分枝杆菌感染诱导的巨噬细胞焦亡。

关键词：细胞焦亡千层纸素A 结核分枝杆菌宿主导向疗法 α7烟碱乙酰胆碱受体

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STAT3的多态性在HPV16所致宫颈癌发生中的作用

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河北医学 2024年第4期30卷 560-564页

作者：张荷敏余燕刘艳筠联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院仓山院区妇科福建福州350000

目的:研究人乳头状瘤病毒16(HPV16)所致宫颈癌发生过程中转录活化子3(STAT3)多态性的作用。方法:回顾性选取2019年至2023年入院的34例宫颈癌患者为观察对象,将其设为A组,选取同一时期入院的54例宫颈上皮内瘤变患者将其设为B组,同时选取... 详细信息

目的:研究人乳头状瘤病毒16(HPV16)所致宫颈癌发生过程中转录活化子3(STAT3)多态性的作用。方法:回顾性选取2019年至2023年入院的34例宫颈癌患者为观察对象,将其设为A组,选取同一时期入院的54例宫颈上皮内瘤变患者将其设为B组,同时选取同一时期入院的80例慢性宫颈炎患者将其设为C组。HPV16 E6蛋白测定方式主要为免疫组化、聚合酶链反应(PCR)-反向点杂交法,STAT3测定方式主要为PCR法,STAT3基因C1697G多态性测定方式主要为PCR-制片段长度多态性(RFLP),比较并分析三组患者E6蛋白、STAT3蛋白阳性表达率与STAT3基因多态性表达情况。结果:与B、C组相比,A组患者E6、STAT3蛋白阳性表达率明显更高,差异有统计学意义(P0.0167)。结论:HPV16所致宫颈癌发生及发展过程中STAT3及其多态性可能有重要作用。

关键词：宫颈癌基因多态性转录活化子3 人乳头状瘤病毒16

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A fast and effective method to perform paternity testing for Wolong giant pandas

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第24期56卷 2559-2564页

作者： LI DeSheng CUI HengMin WANG ChengDong LING ShanShan HUANG Zhi zhang hemin China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda Ya'an 625000 China Medical College of Animal Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an 625000 China Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife Hangzhou 310058 China

Captive populations provide a precious genetic resource for endangered animals and a source of individuals for reintroduction to depleted habitats. Therefore, accuracy in determining paternity is of vital importance for managing captive populations and in selecting representative individuals of known genetic characteristics for release. In this study, we established a fast and effective method to conduct paternity testing for captive giant pandas in the Wolong population. This technique uses two highly polymor phic microsatellites initially, subsequent use of five less polymorphic markers and then paternity exclusion testing carried out using the giant panda paternity exclusion program we have developed. Our results revealed that (1) both sets of markers success- fully identified the real fathers in 25 cases of paternity testing and (2) the success rate of paternity exclusion varied with the degree of polymorphism of the markers used. Subsequently, we conducted correlation analysis between the success rates of paterni- ty identification with these markers, parameters of genetic diversity and tests of neutrality. We found that the paternity exclusion power of microsatellites was significantly correlated with the number of alleles (Na), expected heterozygosity (HE) and observed homozygosity statistic (FO) (all P < 0.05). From this, we developed a new variable, Na?HE/FO, showing a highly significant positive correlation with the resolution power of microsatellites (P = 0.001). Moreover, the first two highly polymorphic loci gave a 100% success rate of excluding non-paternal males because they yielded higher values of Na?HE/FO than the other five less pol- ymorphic markers. Thus, the Na?HE/FO parameter appears suitable to serve as a criterion for selecting microsatellite markers, which could be used for high-resolution molecular techniques of paternity determination among a range of captive animals besides giant pandas.

关键词：圈养大熊猫亲子鉴定卧龙多态性位点分子生物学技术多态标记圈养种群遗传资源

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Male panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) urine contains kinship information

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第18期53卷 2793-2800页

作者： LIU DingZhen WEI RongPing zhang GuiQuan YUAN Hong WANG ZhiPeng SUN Lixing zhang Jianxu zhang hemin Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education China & institute of Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda Wolong 623006 China Department of Biological Science Central Washington University WA 98926-7537 USA State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture Institute of Zoology Chinese Academyof Science Beijing 100080 China

Chemical communication plays an important role in kin selection and mate choice in mammals. The covariance of odor-genes of rodents has been documented and kinship odor has been proposed and termed, yet little is known of the relationship between genetic relatedness and chemical composition of kinship odors. Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) rely substantially on chemical communication to mediate their social interactions. To examine the relationship between genetic relatedness and compounds in the urine/anogenital gland secretions, we compared the similarities between genetic relatedness and the chemical profiles of anogenital gland secretions and urine via lineage construction and GC-MS (gas chromatography and mass spectrometry). We found that information about kinship odors was present only in the urine of male adults in the mating season but absent in the non-mating season. Adult females and all sub-adults did not have such kinship odors in either mating or non-mating season. Therefore, kinship odor in the panda was contingent on age, sex, and season. This is the first report about the condition-dependent expression of kinship odor, which may have a sig- nificant implication in the practice of panda conservation in relation to chemical communication and sexual selection.

关键词：亲属关系雄性大熊猫尿液基因型

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Mode-localized accelerometer in the nonlinear Duffing regime with 75 ng bias instability and 95 ng/√Hz noise floor

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第1期8卷 237-247页

作者： hemin zhang Milind Pandit Guillermo Sobreviela Madan Parajuli Dongyang Chen Jiangkun Sun Chun Zhao Ashwin A.Seshia The Nanoscience Centre University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FFUK Silicon Microgravity Ltd. Cambridge Innovation ParkCambridge CB259PBUK MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics PGMF and School of PhysicsHuazhong University of Science and Technology430074 WuhanChina

Mode-localized sensors have attracted attention because of their high parametric sensitivity and first-order common-mode rejection to temperature *** high-fidelity detection of resonator amplitude is critical to determining the resolution of mode-localized sensors where the measured amplitude ratio in a system of coupled resonators represents the output *** at specific bifurcation points in a nonlinear regime can potentially improve the amplitude bias stability;however,the amplitude ratio scale factor to the input measurand in a nonlinear regime has not been fully *** paper theoretically and experimentally elucidates the operation of mode-localized sensors with respect to stiffness perturbations(or an external acceleration field)in a nonlinear Duffing *** operation of a mode-localized accelerometer is optimized with the benefit of the insights gained from theoretical analysis with operation in the nonlinear regime close to the top critical bifurcation *** phase portraits of the amplitudes of the two resonators under different drive forces are recorded to support the experimentally observed improvements for velocity random *** temperature control to suppress the phase and amplitude variations induced by the temperature drift,1/f noise at the operation frequency is significantly reduced.A prototype accelerometer device demonstrates a noise floor of 95 ng/√Hz and a bias instability of 75 ng,establishing a new benchmark for accelerometers employing vibration mode localization as a sensing paradigm.A mode-localized accelerometer is first employed to record microseismic noise in a university laboratory environment.

关键词： nonlinear bifurcation gained

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Study on growth of coarse grains of diamond with high quality under HPHT

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第1期54卷 163-167页

作者： ZHOU ShengGuo ZANG ChuanYi MA HongAn LI XiaoLei zhang hemin JIA XiaoPeng Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000 China National Laboratory of Super Hard Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 China

The growth of coarse grains of diamond was observed with graphite as carbon source and Fe80Ni20 alloy powder as catalyst at HPHT in a China-type SPD 6×1670T cubic high-pressure apparatus with highly exact control system. To synthesize coarse grains of diamond crystal with high quality,ad-vanced indirect heat assembly,powder catalyst technology and catalyst with optimal granularity were used. Especially the nucleation of diamond and the growth rate were strictly controlled by the opti-mized synthesis craft. At last,diamond crystals (about 0.85 mm) in the perfect hex-octahedron shape were successfully synthesized at ～5.4 GPa and ～1360℃ in 60 min. The characteristic of crystal growth with powder catalyst technology under HPHT was discussed. The results and techniques might be useful for production of coarse grains of diamond.

关键词：金刚石石墨 HPHT 催化剂晶体

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Cross-modal signaling in giant pandas

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第4期57卷 344-348页

作者： XU Meng WANG ZhiPeng LIU DingZhen WEI RongPing zhang GuiQuan zhang hemin ZHOU XiaoPing LI DeSheng Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Conservation Genetics of Endangered Wildlife of Sichuan China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant PandaWolong 623006China

For solitary species that aggregate to breed, signals, such as sound or odor, transmitted across the landscape can play an important role in mate choice and coordinating breeding activity. Recent work on vocalizations of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), bleats and chirps that are emitted during periods of reproductive activity, has revealed that auditory communication in this species is more complicated and developed than once believed. However, playback experiments using these calls have recorded only a few behaviors over short observation times and the influence of these calls on the signaling behavior of receivers remains unknown. Here, we present results from a pilot study in which we played the bleats of male and female giant pandas in estrus to captive animals and measured vocal and chemical signaling response behavior. We found an increase in scent marking behavior, but not vocalizations, in males and females following the playback of calls made by members of the opposite sex in estrus. To our knowledge, this is the first study to detect a chemical communication response, which was marking, to an auditory signal in giant pandas. Our findings reveal a previously unknown relationship between acoustic and chemical signals in this high profile species and suggest that these two forms of signaling may be interdependent in the social lives of giant pandas.

关键词：雌性大熊猫化学信号模态反应行为发达国家观测时间实验记录标记行为

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