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Physiological and clinical significance of enterochromaffin-like cell activation in the regulation of gastric acid secretion

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第4期13卷 493-496页

作者： Guanglin Cui helge l waldum laboratory of Gastroenterology Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Tromso Tromso Norway Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital of Trondheim Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway

Gastric acid plays an important role in digesting food （especially protein）, iron absorption, and destroying swallowed micro-organisms. H＋ is secreted by the oxyntic parietal cells and its secretion is regulated by endocrine, neurocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Gastrin released from the antral G cell is the principal physiological stimulus of gastric acid secretion. Activation of the enterochromaffin-like （ECl） cell is accepted as the main source of histamine participating in the regulation of acid secretion and is functionally and trophically controlled by gastrin, which is mediated by gastrin/CCK-2 receptors expressed on the ECl cell. However, longterm hypergastrinemia will induce ECl cell hyperplasia and probably carcinoids. Clinically, potent inhibitors of acid secretion have been prescribed widely to patients with acid-related disorders. long-term potent acid inhibition evokes a marked increase in plasma gastdn levels, leading to enlargement of oxyntic mucosa with ECl cell hyperplasia. Accordingly, the induction of ECl cell hyperplasia and carcinoids remains a topic of considerable concern, especially in long-term use. In addition, the activation of ECl cells also induces another clinical concem, i.e., rebound acid hypersecretion after acid inhibition. Recent experimental and clinical findings indicate that the activation of ECl cells plays a critical role both physiologically and dinically in the regulation of gastric acid secretion.

关键词： Enterochromaffin-like cell Gastrin Gastric acid Gastric carcinoid Rebound acid hypersecretion

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Gastric cancer:Animal studies on the risk of hypoacidity and hypergastrinemia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第11期14卷 1646-1651页

作者： Reidar Fossmark Gunnar Qvigstad helge l waldum Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology St.Olav'sHospitalTrondheimNorway Department of Cancer Researchand Molecular Medicine Faculty of MedicineNorwegianUniversity of Science and TechnologyTrondheim 7006Norway Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology St.Olav’sHospitalTrondheimNorway

Gastric hypoacidity and hypergastrinaemia are seen in several conditions associated with an increased risk of gastric *** and hypergastrinaemia are closely related and their long-term effects are difficult to study separately in *** using animal models can provide valuable information about risk factors and mechanisms in gastric cancer development as the models allow a high degree of intervention when introducing or eliminating factors possibly affecting *** this report,we briefly review findings from relevant animal studies on this *** models of gastric hypoacidity and hypergastrinaemia provide evidence hypergastrinaemia is a common causative factor in many otherwise diverse *** all species where sufficient hypoacidity and hypergastrinaemia have been induced,a proportion of the animals develop malignant lesions in the gastric oxyntic mucosa.

关键词： Gash'in Gastric cancer Proton pump inhibitors Acid secretion Animal model

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The Effect of Diapycnal Mixing on the Ventilation and CFC-11 Uptake in the Southern Ocean

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2004年第5期21卷 755-766页

作者： helge DRANGE Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Bergen Norway Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Bergen Norway Geophysical Institute University of Bergen Bergen Norway

The Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM) is used to investigate the effect of diapycnal mixing on the oceanic uptake of CFC-11 and the ventilation of the surface waters in the Southern Ocean (south of 45°S). Three model experiments are performed: one with a diapycnal mixing coefficientK d (m2 s?1) of 2 × 10?7/N (Expt. 1), one withK d = 0 (Expt. 2), and one withK d = 5 × 10?8/N (Expt. 3),N (s?1) is the Brunt-V?is?l? frequency. The model simulations indicate that the observed vertical distribution of CFC-11 along 88°W (prime meridian at 0°E) in the Southern Ocean is caused by local ventilation of the surface waters and westward-directed (eastward-directed) isopycnic transport and mixing from deeply ventilated waters in the Weddell Sea region. It is found that at the end of 1997, the simulated net ocean uptake of CFC-11 in Expt. 2 is 25% below that of Expt. 1. The decreased uptake of CFC-11 in the Southern Ocean accounts for 80% of this difference. Furthermore, Expts. 2 and 3 yield far more realistic vertical distributions of the ventilated CFC-waters than Expt. 1. The experiments clearly highlight the sensitivity of the Southern Ocean surface water ventilation to the distribution and thickness of the simulated mixed layer. It is argued that inclusion of CFCs in coupled climate models could be used as a test-bed for evaluating the decadal-scale ocean uptake of heat and CO2.

关键词： chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 diapycnal mixing ocean modelling ocean ventilation Southern Ocean transient tracers

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Fitness and health benefits of team handball training for young untrained women--A cross-disciplinary RCT on physiological adaptations and motivational aspects

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第2期7卷 139-148页

作者： Therese Hornstrup Johan M.Wikman Bjorn Fristrup Susana Povoas Eva W.helge Signe H.Nielsen Jorn W.helge Jesper l.Andersen lars Nybo Peter Krustrup Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N 2200 Denmark Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development CIDESD University Institute of Maia ISMAI Maia 4475-690 Portugal Center of Healthy Aging Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N 2200 Denmark Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen NV 2400 Denmark Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC) University of Southern Denmark Odense 3450 Denmark Sport and Health Sciences University of Exeter Exeter EX1 2LU UK

Purpose: The present study evaluated the effects of regular participation in small-sided team handball training on body composition, osteogenic response, physical performance, and cardiovascular risk factors, as well as well-being and motivation, in young untrained ***: Twenty-eight untrained 20- to 30-year-old women were randomized to a handball training group(HG; n = 14, height 170 ± 5 cm, weight 73 ± 11 kg, VO_(2peak) 37.7 ± 4.1 ml/min/kg) that trained 1.7 ± 0.3 times per week over 12 weeks(70 min 4 v 4 handball sessions) or an inactive control group(CG; n = 14, 169 ± 5 cm, 71 ± 12 kg, 38.1 ± 3.7 ml/min/kg). Physiological and psychological and motivational training adaptations were assessed pre-and post-intervention by dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DXA) scans, blood sampling, physical tests, and ***: The average heart rate(HR) over all training sessions was equal to 85% ± 6% HR_(max). Between-group intervention effects were observed in favor of HG for muscle mass(2.1%, p = 0.024), proximal femur bone mineral density(0.8%, p = 0.041), Yo-Yo IE1 intermittent endurance test level 1(IE1) performance(35%, p l treadmill test performance(11.5%, p = 0.003), but not total fat mass(p = 0.176),mean arterial blood pressure(p = 0.328), resting HR(p = 0.219), or blood lipids(p = 0.298—0.854). In CG, no changes were observed in any of the measured physiological variables after the training period. Compared to CG, HG had an increase in intrinsic motivation(p ll-being subscale "energy"(p = 0.010).Conclusion: Participation in regular recreational team handball training organized as small-sided games has marked beneficial effects on physical performance, musculoskeletal fitness, well-being, and motivation in untrained young women.

关键词： Bone mineral density (BMD) Intensity Intermittent Motivation Muscle mass Physical performance Recreational handball Well-being

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Crown and leaf traits as predictors of subtropical tree sapling growth rates

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 136-145页

作者： Ying li Wenzel Kröber helge Bruelheide Werner Härdtle Goddert von Oheimb Faculty of Sustainability Leuphana University LüneburgInstitute of EcologyScharnhorststraße 1D-21335 LüneburgGermany Martin luther University Halle Wittenberg Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenAm Kirchtor 1D-06108 HalleGermany German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-leipzig Deutscher Platz 5eD-04103 LeipzigGermany Faculty of Environmental Sciences Technische Universität DresdenInstitute of General Ecology and Environmental ProtectionPienner Straße 7D-01735 TharandtGermany

Aims Growth rates of plants are driven by factors that influence the amount of resources captured and the efficiency of resource *** trees,the amount of light captured and the efficiency of light use strongly depends on crown characteristics and leaf *** theory predicts that both crown and leaf traits affect tree growth,few studies have yet to integrate these two types of traits to explain species-specific growth *** 37 broad-leaved tree species of subtropical forests in SE China,we investigated how interspecific differences in wood volume growth rates were affected by crown and leaf *** tested the hypotheses that(i)larger crown dimensions promote growth rates,(ii)species-specific growth rates are positively related to leaf stomatal conductance,leaf water potential and leaf chemical components,and negatively related to leaf C/N and leaf toughness and(iii)the two sets of traits better explain growth rates in combination than either *** Our study was conducted in a large-scale forest Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning experiment in China(BEF-China),located in a mountainous region in Jiangxi *** related 17 functional traits(two crown dimension and three crown structure traits;six physiological and six morphological leaf traits)to the mean annual growth rate of wood volume of young trees of the studied *** between crown and leaf traits were analyzed using principal component *** linear regression analysis was used to test the effect of each trait *** used multiple regression analysis to establish the relationship of growth rate to each set of traits(crown traits,physiological and morphological leaf traits)and to the combination of all types of *** coefficients of determination(R^(2)_(adj))of the best multiple regression models were compared to determine the relative explanatory power of crown and leaf traits and a combination of *** Findings The species-spec

关键词： BEF China crown characteristics physiological leaf traits morphological leaf traits wood volume

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第14期20卷 3986-4000页

作者： Bjarte Fosby Sigrid Nss Johannes R Hov James Traherne Kirsten M Boberg John Trowsdale Aksel Foss Pl-Dag line Andre Franke Espen Melum helge Scott Tom H Karlsen Norwegian PSC Research Center Division of CancerSurgery and TransplantationOslo University Hospital Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo KG Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre Research Institute of Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital Department of Transplantation Medicine Division of CancerSurgery and TransplantationOslo University Hospital Division of Immunology Department of PathologyUniversity of Cambridge and Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Cambridge Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology Christian-Albrechts-University Department of Pathology Divisoin of Diagnostics and InterventionInstitute of PathologyOslo University Hospital

AIM: To investigate influence of human leukocyte antigen (HlA) and killer immunoglobuline-like receptor (KIR) genotypes on risks of acute rejection (AR) after liver transplantation (lTX).

关键词： liver transplantation Primary sclerosing cholangitis Acute rejection Human leukocyte antigen Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor

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Changes in carbon storages of Fagus forest ecosystems along an elevational gradient on Mt. Fanjingshan in Southwest China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第2期13卷 139-149页

作者： Qiong Cai Chengjun Ji Xuli Zhou helge Bruelheide Wenjing Fang Tianli Zheng Jiangling Zhu lei Shi Haibo li Jianxiao Zhu Jingyun Fang Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University100871 BeijingChina Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106108 HalleGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Administration Bureau of Guizhou Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve 554400 JiangkouChina

Aims There are different components of carbon(C)pools in a natural forest ecosystem:biomass,soil,litter and woody *** asked how these pools changed with elevation in one of China’s ecologically important forest ecosystem,***(Fagus l.,Fagaceae)forests,and what were the underlying driving factors of such *** The four C pools in nine beech forests were investigated along an elevational gradient(1095–1930 m)on *** in Guizhou Province,Southwest *** partitioning was used to explore the relative effects of stand age,climate and other factors on C *** addition,we compared the four C pools to other beech forests in Guizhou Province and *** Findings The total C pools of beech forest ecosystems ranged from 190.5 to 504.3 Mg C ha^(–1),mainly attributed to biomass C(accounting for 33.7–73.9%)and soil C(accounting for 23.9–65.5%).No more than 4%of ecosystem C pools were stored in woody debris(0.05–3.1%)and litter(0.2–0.7%).Ecosystem C storage increased significantly with elevation,where both the biomass and woody debris C pools increased with elevation,while those of litter and soil exhibited no such *** the Guizhou beech forests,climate and stand age were found to be key drivers of the elevational patterns of ecosystem and biomass C storage,while for beech forests globally,stand age was the most important *** to beech forests worldwide,beech forests in Guizhou Province displayed a relatively higher biomass C accumulation rate,which may be explained by a much higher precipitation in this *** present study provides basic data for understanding the C budgets of Chinese beech forests and their possible roles in regional C cycling and emphasizes the general importance of stand age and climate on C accumulation.

关键词： carbon components climate ecosystem carbon storage elevational gradient Fagus forests stand age

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Interspecific and intraspecific variation in specific root length drives aboveground biodiversity effects in young experimental forest stands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 158-169页

作者： Wensheng Bu Bernhard Schmid Xiaojuan liu Ying li Werner Härdtle Goddert von Oheimb Yu liang Zhenkai Sun Yuanyuan Huang helge Bruelheide Keping Ma State Key laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstr.190Zürich 8057Switzerland Institute of Ecology Leuphana University LüneburgScharnhorststr.1Lüneburg 21335Germany Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection Technische Universität DresdenPienner Str.7Tharandt 01737Germany Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1Halle 06120Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-leipzig DeutscherPlatz 5eLeipzig 04103Germany

Aims Although the net biodiversity effect(NE)can be statistically partitioned into complementarity and selection effects(CE and SE),there are different underlying mechanisms that can cause a certain *** objective was to assess the role of resource partitioning and species interactions as two important mechanisms that can bring about CEs by interspecific and intraspecific trait *** We measured tree height of 2493 living individuals in 57 plots and specific root length(SRl)on first-order roots of 368 of these individuals across different species richness levels(1,2,4,8 species)in a large-scale forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning experiment in subtropical China(BEF-China)established in *** describe the effects of resource partitioning between species by a fixed component of interspecific functional diversity(RaoQ)and further effects of species interactions by variable components of interspecific and intraspecific functional diversity(community weighted trait similarity and trait dissimilarity,CWS and CWD).Finally,we examined the relationships between biodiversity effects on stand-level tree height and functional diversity(RaoQ,CWS and CWD)in SRl using linear regression and assessed the relative importance of these three components of functional diversity in explaining the diversity *** Findings Our results show that species richness significantly affected SRl in five and tree height in ten out of 16 species.A positive NE was generally brought about by a positive CE on stand-level tree height and related to high values of RaoQ and CWS in SRl.A positive CE was related to high values of all three components of root functional diversity(RaoQ,CWS and CWD).Our study suggests that both resource partitioning and species interactions are the underlying mechanisms of biodiversity effects on stand-level tree growth in subtropical forest.

关键词： aboveground complementarity effects belowground resource partitioning biodiversity and ecosystem functioning species interactions tree height

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Highly efficient THz four-wave mixing in doped silicon

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light(Science & Applications) 2021年第5期10卷 806-811页

作者： Nils Dessmann Nguyen H.le Viktoria Eless Steven Chick Kamyar Saeedi Alberto Perez-Delgado Sergey G.Pavlov Alexander F.G.van der Meer Konstantin l.litvinenko Ian Galbraith Nikolay V.Abrosimov helge Riemann Carl R.Pidgeon Gabriel Aeppli Britta Redlich Benedict N.Murdin Radboud University Institute for Molecules and MaterialsHFML-FELIXNijmegenThe Netherlands Advanced Technology Institute and Department of Physics University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute of Optical Sensor Systems German Aerospace CenterBerinGermany Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences SUPAHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK leibniz-Institut fur Kristallzuchtung(IKZ) BerlinGermany laboratory for Solid State Physics ETH Zurich8093 ZurichSwitzerland Institut de Physique EPFL1015 LausanneSwitzerland Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 VlligenSwitzerland

Third-order non-linearities are important because they allow control over light pulses in ubiquitous high-quality centro-symmetric materials like silicon and *** four-wave mixing provides a direct measure of the third-order non-linear sheet susceptibility x^(3)(where l represents the material thickness)as well as technological possibilities such as optically gated detection and emission of *** picosecond pulses from a free electron laser,we show that silicon doped with P or Bi has a value of x^(3)lin the THz domain that is higher than that reported for any other material in any wavelength *** immediate implication of our results is the efficient generation of intense coherent THz light via upconversion(also a x^(3)process),and they open the door to exploitation of nondegenerate mixing and optical nonlinearities beyond the perturbative regime.

关键词： mixing wave Highly

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Impact of tree diversity and environmental conditions on the survival of shrub species in a forest biodiversity experiment in subtropical China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 179-189页

作者： Bo Yang Ying li Bingyang Ding Sabine Both Alexandra Erfmeier Werner Härdtle Keping Ma Bernhard Schmid Thomas Scholten Gunnar Seidler Goddert von Oheimb Xuefei Yang helge Bruelheide Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106120 HalleGermany Key laboratory of Speciality Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province Jingdezhen University838 Cidu AvenueJingdezhenJiangxi 333000China Faculty of Sustainability Institute of EcologyLeuphana University LüneburgScharnhorststr 121335 LüneburgGermany College of life and Environmental Sciences Wenzhou UniversityWenzhouZhejiang 325035China Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen23 St Machar DriveAberdeen AB243UUUK Institute for Ecosystem Research GeobotanyKiel UniversityOlshausenstr 7524118 KielGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany State Key laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093China Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstr 1908057 ZürichSwitzerland Department of Geosciences Chair of Soil Science and GeomorphologyEberhard Karls University TübingenRümelinstraße19-23D-72070 TübingenGermany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of General Ecology and Environmental ProtectionPienner Straße 701737 TharandtGermany Key laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of BotanyCAS KunmingKunming 650201China

Aims Although shrubs are an important component of forests,their role has not yet been considered in forest biodiversity *** the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning(BEF)experiment with subtropical tree species in south-east China(BEF-China),we factorially combined tree with shrub species-diversity ***,we tested the hypotheses that shrub survival differs between the 10 planted shrub species,with lower survival rates of late-than early-successional species and is affected by environmental conditions,such as topography and top soil characteristics,as well as by biotic factors,represented by tree,shrub and herb layer *** We analyzed the survival of 42000 shrub individuals in 105 plots varying in tree and shrub species richness of the BEF-China project four years after *** survival was analyzed with generalized linear mixed effects models at the level of individuals and with variance partitioning at the plot *** intercept and random slope models of different explanatory variables were compared with respect to the Bayesian Information Criterion(BIC).Important Findings Survival rates differed largely between the 10 shrub species,ranging from 26%to 91%for Ardisia crenata and Distylium buxifolium,*** of species identity,single abiotic factors explained up to 5%of species survival,with a negative effect of altitude and slope inclination and a positive effect of the topsoil carbon to nitrogen ratio,which pointed to drought as the major cause of shrub *** contrast,neither tree nor shrub richness affected shrub survival at this early stage of the *** the biotic predictors,only herb layer species richness and cover of the dominant fern species(Dicranopteris pedata)affected shrub ***,our models that included all variables could explain about 65%in shrub survival,with environmental variables being most influential,followed by shrub species identity,while tree speci

关键词： BEF-China biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiment forest herb layer plant survival shrub species richness

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