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Decomposition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) on Mineral Surface under Controlled Relative Humidity

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第2期80卷 185-191页

作者： Shuji TAMAMURA Tsutomu SATO Yukie OTA Ning TANG kazuichi hayakawa Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Kanazawa lshikawa Japan Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa University lshikawa Japan

The fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons （PAHs） residing in the atmosphere has received enormous attention in recent years due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic risks on human health. In this context, the stability of pyrene （as a representative PAHs） on quartz, alumina, montmorillonite, kaolinite, humic acid and quartz coated with sorbed humic acid was investigated at controlled relative humidity （RH： i.e. 5% and 30%） without light irradiation in order to detect the presence of catalytic effect of mineral surface on PAHs decomposition. The stability of pyrene was found to depend strongly on the physicochemical properties of the substrates. Quartz showed a strong catalytic effect for the decomposition of pyrene even though it was coated with sorbed humic acid. Pyrene sorbed on montmorillonite and humic acid remained stable during the experimental period （i.e. 3 days）. Moisture in the experimental cell also affected the stability of pyrene in particular minerals. Especially, pyrene sorbed on alumina was rapidly decomposed at higher RH. However, there were almost no effect in the case of quartz, kaolinite and humic acid. Depending on the physicochemical properties of aerosols and RH, PAHs associated with minerals in the atmosphere would be decomposed and/or stably reside in the atmosphere.

关键词： mineral PAHs relative humidity decomposition

Variations in traffic-related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in Kanazawa, Japan, after the implementation of a new vehicle emission regulation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第11期34卷 38-47页

作者： Wanli Xing Lu Yang Hao Zhang Xuan Zhang Yan Wang Pengchu Bai Lulu Zhang kazuichi hayakawa Seiya Nagao Ning Tang Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health SciencesKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan

A three-year sampling campaign was conducted at a roadside air pollution monitoring station in the urban area of Kanazawa, Japan. Due to a new emission regulation, PAHs levels decreased over the sampling campaign, exhibiting values of 706 ± 413 pg/m^(3) in 2017, 559 ±384 pg/m^(3) in 2018, and 473 ± 234 pg/m^(3) in 2019. In each year, similar seasonal variations in PAHs levels were observed, with higher levels observed in winter and lower levels in summer. Among the PAHs isomer ratios, we observed that the ratio of benzo[b]fluoranthene(BbF) and benzo[k]fluoranthene(BkF), [Bb F]/([BbF] + [BkF]), and the ratio of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene(IDP) and benzo[ghi]perylene(BgPe), [IDP]/([BgPe] + [IDP]), showed stability over the sampling campaign and were less affected by the new emission regulation, seasonal variations, and regional characteristics. When using the combined ratio ranges of 0.66-0.80([Bb F]/[BbF] + [BkF]) and 0.26-0.49([IDP]/[Bg Pe] + [IDP]), traffic emissions were clearly distinguished from other PAHs emission sources. Principal component analysis(PCA) and positive matrix factorization(PMF) were also performed to further analyse the characteristics of traffic-related PAHs. Overall, this study affirmed the effectiveness of the new emission regulation in the reduction of PAHs emissions and provided a combined range for identifying PAHs traffic emission sources.

关键词： Urban air pollution Traffic emission Roadside air pollution monitoring station Source apportionment

Size distribution of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fresh combustion smoke and ambient air: A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第2期32卷 370-384页

作者： Lulu Zhang Lu Yang Quanyu Zhou Xuan Zhang Wanli Xing Yongjie Wei Min Hu Lixia Zhao Akira Toriba kazuichi hayakawa Ning Tang Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environment SciencesBeijing 100012China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health SciencesKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and they mostly stem from the imperfect combustion of fossil fuels and *** are inherently associated with homogenous fine particles or distributed to different-sized particles during the aging of air *** carried by fine particles undergo a long-range transport to remote areas while those adsorbed on coarse particles have a shorter lifetime in ambient *** importantly, PAHs with higher molecular weights tend to be bound with finer particles and can deeply enter the lungs, posing severe health risks to ***, the environmental fate and health effects of particulate PAHs are strongly *** review summarizes the size distributions of particulate PAHs freshly emitted from combustion sources as well as the distribution patterns of PAHs in ambient *** was found that PAHs from stationary sources are primarily bound to fine particles, which are slightly larger than particles to which PAHs from mobile sources are *** ambient air, particulate PAHs are distributed in larger size modes than those in the combustion fume, and the particle size decreases with PAH molecular weight *** relevant mechanisms and influencing factors of particle size distribution changes are illustrated in this article, which are essentially attributed to combustion and ambient temperature as well as the physical and chemical properties of ***, the study on the particle size distribution of PAHs will contribute for a full understanding of the origin, atmospheric behaviors and health effects of particulate PAHs.

关键词： Atmospheric pollution Coal combustion Biomass burning Vehicle exhaust Gas–particle partitioning

Yearly variation in character istics and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitro-PAHs in urban shanghai from 2010-2018

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 72-79页

作者： Lu Yang Xuan Zhang Wanli Xing Quanyu Zhou Lulu Zhang Qing Wu Zhijun Zhou Renjie Chen Akira Toriba kazuichi hayakawa Ning Tang Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa920-1192Jjapan School of Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health SciencesKanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa920-1192Japan Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machi920-1192KanazawaJapan

This study encompassed the regular observation of nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and three nitro-PAHs(NPAHs)in particulate matter(PM)in Shanghai in summer and winter from 2010 to *** results showed that the mean concentrations of∑PAHs in summer decreased by 24.7%in 2013 and 18.1%in 2017 but increased by 10.2%in 2015 compared to the data in ***,the mean concentrations of∑PAHs in winter decreased by 39.7%from 2010(12.8±4.55 ng/m^3)to 2018(7.72±3.33 ng/m^3),and the mean concentrations of 1-nitropyrene in winter decreased by 79.0%from 2010(42.3±16.1 pg/m^3)to 2018(8.90±2.09 pg/m^3).Correlation analysis with meteorological conditions revealed that the PAH and NPAH concentrations were both influenced by ambient *** diagnostic ratios of PAHs and factor analysis showed that they were mainly affected by traffic emissions with some coal and/or biomass *** ratio of 2-nitrofluoranthene to 2-nitropyrene was near 10,which indicated that the OH radical-initiated reaction was the main pathway leading to their secondary ***,backward trajectories revealed different air mass routes in each sampling period,indicating a high possibility of source effects from the northern area in winter in addition to local and surrounding ***,the mean total benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent concentrations in Shanghai in winter decreased by 50.8%from 2010(1860±645 pg/m^3)to 2018(916±363 pg/m^3).These results indicated the positive effects of the various policies and regulations issued by Chinese authorities.

关键词： Air pollution Fine particulate matter Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Health risk Shanghai

DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES OF EAST ASIA

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China Particuology 2006年第6期4卷 283-292页

作者： Yan Liu Libin Liu Jin-Ming Lin Ning Tang kazuichi hayakawa State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences p.o. Box 2871 Beijing 100085 China Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan

A review is presented on the distribution and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） and their derivatives, including nitro-PAHs and hydro-PAHs, on atmospheric particulates of East Asia. Generally, PAH compounds with two or three aromatic rings are released mainly into the gas phase, while those containing three or more aromatic rings are associated with particulate matter （PM） emission. Particle-associated PAHs are primarily adsorbed on fine particles, and little associated with coarse particles. Investigation into the concentration level of PAHs in different areas can serve not only to reflect the pollutant status and sources but also to lead to the formulation of control strategies. The results of the present study show that China has more severe PAH pollution than such East Asian countries as Japan and Korea.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) airborne particulates distribution East Asia review

Nitro-PAH exposures of occupationally-exposed traffic workers and associated urinary 1-nitropyrene metabolite concentrations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 213-221页

作者： Justin P.Miller-Schulze Michael Paulsen Takayuki Kameda Akira Toriba kazuichi hayakawa Brandon Cassidy Luke Naeher Manuel Aguilar Villalobos Christopher D.Simpson Department of Chemistry University of Washington WA 98195-1700 USA. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington WA 98195 Seattle USA Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry Instkute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Kanazawa UniversityKakurna-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Kakma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan Department of Enuironmental Health Sciences University of Georgia Athens CA 30602-2102 USA Asociacion del Aire Ambiental Lima Peru

The assessment of occupational exposure to diesel exhaust（DE） is important from an epidemiological perspective. Urinary biomarkers of exposure have been proposed as a novel approach for measuring exposure to DE. In this study, we measured the concentrations of two urinary metabolites of 1-nitropyrene（1NP）, a nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has been suggested as a molecular marker of diesel particulate matter. These two metabolites, 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, were determined in urine samples（10 m L） from a small group of workers who were occupationally-exposed to vehicle exhaust in Trujillo, Peru, before and after their workshifts. Workshift exposures to1 NP, as well as PM_（2.5）, 2-nitropyrene and 2-nitrofluoranthene, were also *** to 1NP were similar in all studied workers, averaging 105 ± 57.9 pg/m^3（±standard deviation）. Median urinary concentrations of the average of the pre- and post-exposure samples for 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, were found to be 3.9 and 2.3 pg metabolite/mg creatinine, respectively in the group of occupationally-exposed subjects（n = 17） studied. A direct relationship between workshift exposure to 1NP and urinary 1NP metabolites concentrations was not observed. However,the 1NP exposures and the creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of the hydroxynitropyrene metabolites in these Peruvian traffic workers were similar to occupationally-exposed taxi drivers in Shenyang, China, and were higher than biomarker levels in office workers from Trujillo without occupational exposure to vehicle *** study provides further evidence that urinary metabolites of 1NP are associated with exposure to DE and may serve as a useful exposure biomarker.

关键词： Urinary biomarkers 1-Nitropyrene Diesel particulate matter

在可控制的相对湿度下矿物表面上多环芳烃的降解

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地质学报 2006年第4期80卷 616-616页

作者： Shuji TAMAMURA Tsutomu SATO Yukie OTA Ning TANG kazuichi hayakawa Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa University Ishikawa Japan

某城市交通区大气多环芳烃污染的时空分布特征

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环境与职业医学 2008年第1期25卷 13-15页

作者：曹强吴庆蒋蓉芳田村宪治近藤美则唐宁早川和一宋伟民复旦大学公共卫生学院上海200032 日本国立环境研究所日本筑波305-8506 金沢大学大学院自然科学研究院日本金沢920-1192

[目的]了解城市交通区不同地区和不同时间内颗粒物中多环芳烃的分布特征。[方法]对某城市某交通区不同地点颗粒物和多环芳烃的含量分别进行了监测,同时在1个地点进行了连续24h监测。[结果]不同地段颗粒物中多环芳烃的含量不同,总体趋势... 详细信息

[目的]了解城市交通区不同地区和不同时间内颗粒物中多环芳烃的分布特征。[方法]对某城市某交通区不同地点颗粒物和多环芳烃的含量分别进行了监测,同时在1个地点进行了连续24h监测。[结果]不同地段颗粒物中多环芳烃的含量不同,总体趋势是:高架下大气中颗粒物多环芳烃的污染比高架上严重;城区比郊区污染严重;隧道内比隧道外污染严重。同时,同一地点颗粒物及其中多环芳烃连续24h的监测结果表明,在24h内,大气中颗粒物及其中的多环芳烃含量有规律的波动,在清晨、下午出现两个高峰。研究还发现在颗粒物和其中多环芳烃之间存在明显的相关性,相关系数为0.231,并得到了回归模型;对不同粒径的成分分析结果表明,PM2.5占PM10的30%～50%,是主要的多环芳烃携带颗粒物。[结论]交通因素以及周围环境因素是导致大气中颗粒物多环芳烃污染浓度改变的主要因素之一;PM2.5是主要的多环芳烃的携带者。

关键词：颗粒物多环芳烃时空改变