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Hydroxycitric acid does not promote inflammation or liver toxicity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第44期19卷 8160-8162页

作者： Dallas l Clouatre harry G Preuss Glykon Technologies Group LLC SeattleWA 98109 United States Department of Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC 20057 United States

Garcinia cambogia extract(GC)with its active component consisting of hydroxycitric acid(HCA)is widely utilized for weight *** HCA salts are available,including calcium,magnesium,potassium and mixtures of ***,these salts exhibit different properties with some,but not all,improving glucose tolerance and blood ***,obesity-prone C57Bl/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet(HFD,45 kcal%fat)with or without GC(1%,w/w)for 16 *** active arm reduced visceral fat,adipocyte size and serum glucose,yet purportedly also exhibited hepatic collagen accumulation,lipid peroxidation and increased mRNA levels of genes related to oxidative *** latter findings are at odds with a large body of animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and efficacy of *** literature shows HCA to be protective against the liver toxicity associated with ethanol and dexamethasone administration,and to maintain serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase at near normal *** both animal and clinical literature,elevated intakes of HCA per se have not led to signs of inflammation or *** compound has been found to reduce markers of inflammation in brain,intestines,kidney and serum.

关键词： Garcinia cambogia Hepatic collagen Hepatic inflammation Hepatic oxidative stress Hydroxycitric acid Metabolic syndrome Tumor necrosis factor-α Weight loss

Critical flow-storm approach to total maximum daily load (TMDl) development:an analytical conceptual model

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008年第3期2卷 267-273页

作者： harry X.ZHANG Shaw l.YU CH2M HIll 15010 Conference Center DriveChantillyVA 20151–3801USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Thornton HallUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904–4742USA

One of the key challenges in the total maximum daily load(TMDl)development process is how to define the critical condition for a receiving *** main concern in using a continuous simulation approach is the absence of any guarantee that the most critical condition will be captured during the selected representative hydrologic period,given the scarcity of long-term continuous *** objectives of this paper are to clearly address the critical condition in the TMDl development process and to compare continuous and event-based approaches in defining critical condition during TMDl development for a waterbody impacted by both point and nonpoint source pollution.A practical,event-based critical flow-storm(CFS)approach was developed to explicitly addresses the critical condition as a combination of a low stream flow and a storm event of a selected magnitude,both having certain frequencies of *** paper illustrated the CFS concept and provided its theoretical basis using a derived analytical conceptual *** CFS approach clearly defined a critical condition,obtained reasonable results and could be considered as an alternative method in TMDl development.

关键词： critical condition critical flow-storm(CFS)approach total maximum daily load(TMDl) conceptual model derived analytical model nonpoint source pollution

A new cryptand/paraquat [2]pseudorotaxane

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第4期53卷 858-862页

作者： ZAKHAROV lev N. SlEBODNICK Carla RHEINGOlD Arnold l. GIBSON harry W. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Department of Chemistry Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

A new cryptand/paraquat [2]pseudorotaxane and its crown ether analog were synthesized and characterized by proton NMR, mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray analysis. The Job plots based on proton NMR data demonstrated that both the complex between cryptand 1 and paraquat derivative 2a and the complex between bis(p-phenylene)-34-crown-10 (3) and paraquat derivative 2b have 1:1 stoichiometry in solution. The apparent association constants (Ka,exp) of 1·2a and 3·2b calculated for 1:1 complexes were 1.4 (±0.2) × 104 and 4.7 (± 0.5) × 102 M-1, respectively. X-ray analysis showed that 1·2a is stabilized by ten hydrogen bonds and face-to-face π-stacking interactions in the solid state, while 3·2b is stabilized by four hydrogen bonds and face-to-face π-stacking interactions. As well as in the X-ray structure of 1·2c, a water molecule acts as a hydrogen bridge between the β-pyridinium protons of 2a and the ether oxygen atoms of 1 in 1·2a. The successful preparation of 1·2a demonstrated that the tert-butyl group is not big enough to be a stopper for rotaxanes based on 1.

关键词： host-guest system self-assembly pseudorotaxane cryptand paraquat

Environmental factors affecting degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) by In2O3 nanoparticles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第7期32卷 48-56页

作者： Weilan Zhang harry Efstathiadis lingyun li Yanna liang Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering University at AlbanySUNYAlbanyNY 12222USA Department of Nanoengineering SUNY Polytechnic InstituteAlbanyNY 12203USA New York State Department of Health Division of Environmental Health SciencesWadsworth CenterAlbanyNY 12237USA

Nanophotocatalysts have shown great potential for degrading poly-and perfluorinated substances(PFAS).In light of the fact that most of these catalysts were studied in pure water,this study was designed to elucidate effects from common environmental factors on decomposing and defluorinating perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)by In2O3 *** from this work demonstrated that among the seven parameters,pH,sulfate,chloride,H2O2,In2O3 dose,NOM and O2,the first four had statistically significant negative effects on PFOA *** PFOA is a strong acid,the best condition leading to the highest PFOA removal was identified for two pH *** pH was between 4 and 8,the optimal condition was:pH=4.2;sulfate=5.00 mg/l;chloride=20.43 mg/l;H2O2=0 mmol/*** this condition,PFOA decomposition and defluorination were 55.22 and 23.56%,*** pH was between 2 and 6,the optimal condition was:pH=2;sulfate=5.00 mg/l;chloride=27.31 mg/l;H2O2=0 mmol/*** this condition,the modeled PFOA decomposition was 97.59%with a defluorination of approximately 100%.These predicted results were all confirmed by experimental ***,In2O3 nanoparticles can be used for degrading PFOA in aqueous *** approach works best when the target contaminated water contains low concentrations of NOM,sulfate and chloride and at a low pH.

关键词： Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) Nanophotocatalyst Degradation Defluorination Optimization

Synthesis, Mechanism of Formation and Insecticidal Activity of Novel Fluorinated Organophosphorus Compounds

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2002年第12期20卷 1598-1601,1464页

作者：吴军 HUDSON harry R. Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China Division of Chemistry School of Biological and Applied Sciences University of North London London N7 8DB UK

The major products of the interaction between triethyl phosphite and 3-fluoropropanoyl chloride at room temperature are diethyl (E)-1-(3-fluoropropanoyloxy)-3-fluoroprop-1-enylphosphonate (3) and diethyl l-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-3-fluoropropyl phosphate (4). The compounds 3 and 4 were separated by chromatography, and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 19F and 31P) and mass spectrometry. Possible reaction mechanisms are proposed. The major products 3 and 4 were tested for insecticidal activity. 3 gave 100% control of Musca domestica l. and Phaedon cochledriae Fab. at a dose of 20 μg/per insect.

关键词： synthesis reaction mechanism insecticidal activity fluorinated organophosphonate

Towards efficient near-infrared fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes

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light(Science & Applications) 2021年第2期10卷 166-175页

作者： Alessandro Minotto Ibrahim Bulut Alexandras G.Rapidis Giuseppe Carnicella Maddalena Patrini Eugenio lunedei harry l.Andersonand Franco Cacialli Department of Physics and Astronomy and london Centre for Nanotechnology University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13TAUK Dipartimento di Fisica University degli Studi di PaviaVia A.Bassi6Pavia 27100Italy. CNR-ISMN Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheVia P Gobetti 101Bologna 40129Italy

The energy gap law(E_(G)-law)and aggregation quenching are the main limitations to overcome in the design of near-infrared(NIR)organic ***,we achieve unprecedented results by synergistically addressing both of these ***,we propose porphyrin oligomers with increasing length to attenuate the effects of the E_(G)-law by suppressing the non-radiative rate growth,and to increase the radiative rate via enhancement of the oscillator ***,we design side chains to suppress aggregation *** find that the logarithmic rate of variation in the non-radiative rate vs.E_(G)is suppressed by an order of magnitude with respect to previous studies,and we complement this breakthrough by demonstrating organic light-emitting diodes with an average external quantum efficiency of-1.1%,which is very promising for a heavy-metal-free 850 nm *** also present a novel quantitative model of the internal quantum efficiency for active layers supporting triplet-to-singlet *** results provide a general strategy for designing high-luminance NIR emitters.

关键词： radiative limitations aggregation

No evidence demonstrating hepatotoxicity associated with hydroxycitric acid

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第32期15卷 4087-4089页

作者： Sidney J Stohs harry G Preuss Sunny E Ohia Gilbert R Kaats Carl l Keen lonnie D Williams George A Burdock School of Pharmacy and Health Professions Creighton University Medical Center4967 Stillwater TrailFriscoTX 75034United States

Although a number of cases of hepatotoxicity are associated with the use of Hydroxycut weight management products, it has been alleged that their effects are primarily due to the presence of hydroxycitric acid (HCA, as Super CitriMax) in the formulations. However, while these products contain up to 20 different ingredients, some do not contain HCA. Case studies reported to date have not considered in depth the literature on the numerous animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and effi cacy of HCA. No HCA-associated hepatotoxicity or treatment-related adverse effects have been reported in these studies, and thus it is premature to make the assumptions presented in the recent case studies regarding Hydroxycut. If it is established in well controlled studies that the use of these formulations with and/or without HCA can result in the occurrence or progression of hepatotoxicity, additional studies should be conducted to characterize the causative factor(s).

关键词： Hydroxycitric acid Super CitriMax Hydroxycitric acid-SX Garcinia cambogia Hydroxycut liver failure Hepatotoxicity Safety and efficacy

Persistent EGFR/K-RAS/SIAH pathway activation drives chemo-resistance and early tumor relapse in triple-negative breast cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第3期5卷 691-702页

作者： Amy H.Tang Richard A.Hoefer Mary l.Guye harry D.Bear Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology Leroy T.Canoles Jr.Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVA 23507USA School of Systems Biology George Mason UniversityManassasVA 20110USA Sentara Cancer Network Sentara HealthcareNorfolkVA 23507USA Sentara Surgery Specialists Surgical OncologySentara CarePlex HospitalNewport NewsVA 23606USA Division of Surgical Oncology Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and ImmunologyMassey Cancer CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298-0011USA

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is the most aggressive breast cancer *** disproportionately affects BRCA mutation carriers and young women,especially African American(AA)*** TNBC is a heterogeneous and molecularly unstable disease that challenges our ability to apply personalized *** the approval of immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)for TNBC,the addition of pembrolizumab to systemic chemotherapy has become standard of care(SOC)in neoadjuvant systemic therapy(NST)for high-risk early-stage *** plus chemotherapy significantly increased the pathologic complete response(pCR)and improved event-free survival in ***,clinical uncertainties remain because similarly treated TNBC partial responders with comparable tumor responses to neoadjuvant therapy often experience disparate clinical *** methods fall short in accurately predicting which high-risk patients will develop chemo-resistance and tumor ***,novel treatment strategies and innovative new research initiatives are *** propose that the EGFR-K-RAS-SIAH pathway activation is a major tumor driver in chemoresistant *** high expression of SIAH in residual tumors following NACT/NST reflects that the EGFR/K-RAS pathway remains activated(ON),indicating an ineffective response to *** chemoresistant tumor clones persist in expressing SIAH(SIAH^(High/ON))and are linked to early tumor relapse and poorer ***,the loss of SIAH expression(SIAH^(low/OFF))in residual tumors post-NACT/NST reflects EGFR/K-RAS pathway inactivation(OFF),indicating effective therapy and chemo-sensitive tumor ***^(low/OFF) signal is linked to tumor remission and better prognosis post-NACT/***,SIAH is well-positioned to become a novel tumor-specific,therapy-responsive,and prognostic ***,this new biomarker(SIAH^(High/ON))could be used to quantify therapy response,predict chemo-resistance,and identi

关键词： Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) chemo-resistance seven in absentia(SINA)and human homologs of SINA(SIAH)E3 ligase ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis EGFR/K-RAS/SIAH pathway activation in TNBC neoadjuvant chemotherapy prognosis patient risk stratification detection of chemo-resistance precision quantification of therapy efficacy and treatment optimization

Influences of perfluorooctanoic acid on the aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第3期25卷 466-472页

作者： Chengliang li Andreas Schffer harry Vereecken Marc Heggen Rong Ji Erwin Klumpp College of Resources and Environment Shandong Agricultural University National Engineering laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Biology 5-Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics RWTH Aachen University Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3) Forschungszentrum Jlich GmbH Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons Forschungszentrum Jlich State Key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing University Institute for Climate and Global Change Research Nanjing University

The aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） in the aqueous phase not only inhibits their extensive utilization in various aspects but also dominates their environmental fate and *** role of surfactants at low concentration in the aggregation of MWCNTs has been studied,however the effect of perfluorinated surfactants at low concentration is *** understand this interfacial phenomenon,the influences of perfluorooctanoic acid （PFOA）,and sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS） as a control,on MWCNT aggregation in the aqueous phase were examined by the UV absorbency *** of pH and cationic species on the critical coagulation concentration （CCC） value were *** CCC values were dependent on the concentration of PFOA,however a pronounced effect of SDS concentration on the CCC values was not *** CCC values of the MWCNTs were 51.6 mmol/l in NaCl and 0.28 mmol/l in CaCl 2 solutions,which suggested pronounced differences in the effects of Na＋ and Ca2＋ ions on the aggregation of the *** presence of both PFOA and SDS significantly decreased the CCC values of the MWCNTs in NaCl *** aggregation of the MWCNTs took place under acidic conditions and was not notably altered under neutral and alkaline conditions due to the electrostatic repulsion of deprotonated functional groups on the surface of the MWCNTs.

关键词： perfluorooctanoic acid aggregation multi-walled carbon nanotubes