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巨星的上升与陨落:经济失衡与全球环境限制(英文)

巨星的上升与陨落:经济失衡与全球环境限制(英文)

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北京论坛（2010）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——为了我们共同的家园：责任与行动

作者： harry clarke School of Economics and Finance.La Trobe University.Melbourne.Australia

Introduction Classic arguments for laissez faire in economic management are based on two ***. that markets work efficiently to allocate resources ***,that there are no significant concerns regardingthe distribution of *** arguments apply intra-nationally and,with increasing integration of the world economy,globally as *** the global level the implication is that countries can develop economically in an efficient and equitable way without major interventionist policy regulations provided that there are no global distributional concerns and provided there are no globally important distortions in such areas as financial or in environmental *** this case,for example,global environmental problems can be addressed by levying uniform global taxes on the relevant externalities and by making resource transfers from wealthy to poor countries to address equity concerns.

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中国有效定价与基于贫困转移的环境政策(英文)

中国有效定价与基于贫困转移的环境政策(英文)

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北京论坛（2011）文明的和谐与共同繁荣--传统与现代、变革与转型

作者： harry clarke Professor of Economics La Trobe University Melbourne Australia

China continues to address its internal environmental and poverty reduction problems. In most cases China’s environmental policies eschew use of efficiency-based pricing and instead rely on regulations and direct controls. Moves toward greater use of market-based instruments provide greater efficiency and effectiveness but can worsen the immediate economic situation of China’s poor citizens by increasing their living costs and by delivering outcomes that provide reduced immediate benefits even if do they avoid high future costs. This is not a comprehensive argument for limiting use of economic instruments since these have efficiency benefits and release revenue streams commensurate with the scale of environmental problems. The existence of poverty emphasises the need to tie pricing to compensations. These arguments are illustrated by using various Chinese environmental problems. Aspirations for international carbon mitigation agreements should reflect needs of the poor but, again, this does not imply a case for inaction. Outcomes depend, in part, on the impact of environmental policies on the living standards for those currently living in poverty. They also depend on tax transfer system efficiency. Given China’s environmental problems and its need to eventually grow sustainably while eliminating extreme poverty, the case for switching towards an environmental tax base is strong.

关键词： GGE 环境政策

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从经济角度看全球气候变化政策的战略问题(英文)

从经济角度看全球气候变化政策的战略问题(英文)

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北京论坛（2008）文明的和谐与共同繁荣——文明的普遍价值和发展趋向

作者： harry clarke School of Business La Trobe University MelbourneAustralia 3076

What are the prospects for devising mutually advantageous global international agreements to address climate change? An analysis of interacting climate change policies involving developed and developing nations is provided that examines the prospects for overcoming incentive-related inefficiencies to come up with self-enforcing international *** model accounts for both external benefits contingent on mitigation and for possible carbon *** where mitigation efforts should be concentrated in particular countries and where desired outcomes should be fostered by international trade in emission permits are *** where intractable Prisoner’s Dilemma incentive problems can be transformed,using policy,into more tractable Assurance,Leadership and Chicken Games are *** role of policy commitments in a global setting are analysed and the strategic implications of pursuing ’no regrets’ policies are *** and repeated game formulations are studied in environments where climate change is steadily reducing global welfare and where there are increasing costs of mitigation and adaptation responses.

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