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Mechanism of Guangdong Shenqu in regulating intestinal flora in mice with food stagnation and internal heat based on 16S rDNA sequencing

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第2期11卷 232-244页

作者： Jiang Y. z.ang z. Chen h. Wang Y. Xu Y. Chen z. Wang J. School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China Department of Chemistry Cleveland State University Cleveland 44115 United States School of Chinese Traditional Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China

Objective: To investigate the effect of Guangdong Shenqu (GSQ) on intestinal flora structure in mice with food stagnation through 16S rDNA sequencing. Methods: Mice were randomly assigned to control, model, GSQ low-dose (GSQL), GSQ medium-dose (GSQM), GSQ high-dose (GSQh), and lacidophilin tablets (LAB) groups, with each group containing 10 mice. A food stagnation and internal heat mouse model was established through intragastric administration of a mixture of beeswax and olive oil (1:15). The control group was administered normal saline, and the model group was administered beeswax and olive oil to maintain a state. The GSQL (2 g/kg), GSQM (4 g/kg), GSQh (8 g/kg), and LAB groups (0.625 g/kg) were administered corresponding drugs for 5 d. After administration, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to assess gut microbiota in mouse fecal samples. Results: The model group exhibited significant intestinal flora changes. Following GSQ administration, the abundance and diversity index of the intestinal flora increased significantly, the number of bacterial species was regulated, and α and β diversity were improved. GSQ administration increased the abundance of probiotics, including Clostridia, Lachnospirales, and Lactobacillus, whereas the abundance of conditional pathogenic bacteria, such as Allobaculum, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Bacteroides decreased. Functional prediction analysis indicated that the pathogenesis of food stagnation and GSQ intervention were primarily associated with carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, among other metabolic pathways. Conclusion: The digestive mechanism of GSQ may be attributed to its role in restoring diversity and abundance within the intestinal flora, thereby improving the composition and structure of the intestinal flora in mice and subsequently influencing the regulation of metabolic pathways. © 2024 Beijing university of Chinese Medicine

关键词： Food stagnation Guangdong Shenqu Gut microbiota high-through.ut gene sequencing Metabolic pathway Species annotation

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Neuroprotective effects of Shaoyao Gancao decoction against excitatory damage in PC12 cells based on the Src-NR2-nNOS pathway

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第3期11卷 293-302页

作者： Fan X. Ma h. z.0} T. Fu M. Qiao z. Feng Y. Wang z. Shen Y. Wang J. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China These authors have contributed equally to this work. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830017 China The Centre for Translational Biology Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre Montréal H4A 3J1 Canada

Objective: To explore the neuroprotective effects of the Shaoyao Gancao decoction (SGD) against excitatory damage in PC12 cells and the role of the Src-NR2-nNOS pathway mediation by SGD in regulating γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-glutamate (Glu) homeostasis. Methods: N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) was used to establish a PC12 cell excitability injury model. To investigate the neuroprotective effect of SGD, a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine PC12 cell viability, Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (Annexin V/PI) double staining was used to determine PC12 cell apoptosis, and Ca2+ concentration was observed using laser confocal microscopy. GABA receptor agonists and antagonists were used to analyz. the neuroprotective interactions between γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and NMDA receptors. Additionally, molecular biology techniques were used to determine mRNA and protein expression in the Src-NR2-nNOS pathway. We analyz.d the correlations between the regulatory sites of GABA and NMDA interactions, excitatory neurotoxicity, and brain damage at the molecular level. Results: NMDA excitotoxic injury manifested as a significant decrease in cell activity, increased apoptosis and caspase-3 protein expression, and a significant increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Administration of SGD, a GABAA receptor agonist (muscimol), or a GABAB receptor agonist (baclofen) decreased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, attenuated apoptosis, and reversed NMDA-induced upregulation of caspase-3, Src, NMDAR2A, NMDAR2B, and nNOS. unexpectedly, a GABAA receptor antagonist (bicuculline) and a GABAB receptor antagonist (saclofen) failed to significantly increase excitatory neurotoxicity. Conclusions: Taken together, these results not only provide an experimental basis for SGD administration in the clinical treatment of central nervous system injury diseases, but also suggest that the Src-NR2A-nNOS pathway may be a valuable target in excitotoxicity treatment. © 2024 Beijing universit

关键词： N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) nNOS PC12 Shaoyao Gancao decoction Src γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

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Rational design of AgGaS/z.S/z.S quantum dots with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield via double shelling scheme

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 235-242页

作者： h.X.Lu h.Liu z.z.Fu Y.Y.Chen h.Q.Dai z.hu W.L.z.ang R.Q.Guo Institute for Electric Light Sources School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Future Lighting Academy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan university YiwuZhejiang 322000China z.ongshan-Fudan Joint Innovation Center Zhongshan 528437China

In this study,a two-step method was used to synthesiz. highly luminescent AgGaS/z.S/z.S quantum dots(QDs).In the first step,an inner z.S shell was formed via a one-pot method,which resulted in a smaller lattice mismatch between the AgGaS core and the outer z.S shell,thereby facilitating the formation of a thick outer *** the two-step shelling process,the synthesiz.d AgGaS/z.S/z.S QDs showed an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 96.4%with a peak wavelength of 508 nm,repre-senting the highest PLQY reported thus far for AgGaS ***,the effect of halogen ions in z. precursors on the shelling process was *** was proposed that the capacity of halogen ions to coordinate with the QDs influenced the balance between z. cation diffusion and z.S shelling ***,the z.S shelling reaction was dominant when z.Cl_(2)was employed,while z. cation diffusion was the dominant process under the I^(−)-rich *** work provides insights into the interfacial restructuring during the z.S shelling and offers a clear map for the tailored synthesis of core/shell QDs.

关键词： AgGaS Quantum dots Photoluminescence Core/shell Alloyed core/shell interface

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Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. administered by dissolving microneedles achieves systemic therapeutic effects at low doses

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第3期11卷 340-350页

作者： Chen Y. z.0} z.ang L. Ding z. Li P. Yan C. School of Life Sciences Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China Dongz.imen hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029 China School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China

Objective: To determine the main components of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge (A. membranaceus, huang Qi), Astragaloside IV (AIV) and Astragalus polysaccharides (AP), to characteriz. their properties, evaluate their in vivo efficacy, and to analyz. drug diffusion using dissolving microneedle (DMN) technology in vivo. Methods: Respectively, AIV- and AP-loaded DMNs comprising chitosan (CTS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared via dual-mold forming. Their morphology, mechanical properties, in vivo solubility, and skin irritation characteristics were tested. In vivo efficacy was assessed in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice, in vivo diffusion of AIV and AP by DMNs and conventional methods was compared, and the rheological properties of AIV-CTS-PVA and AP-CTS-PVA mixtures were measured. Results: Subcutaneous dissolution and absorption of AIV-CTS-PVA and AP-CTS-PVA microneedles (MNs) at low doses (50%–17% of intraperitoneal AIV injection and 12%–4% of intravenous AP injection) reduced the spleen index and acid phosphatase activity in immunosuppressed mouse models, increased the thymus index, and achieved equivalent or better systemic therapeutic effects. Compared with injections, AIV and AP achieved controllable solid-liquid conversion through delivery with CTS-PVA MNs, resulting in highly localiz.d aggregation within 48 h, reducing the initial explosive effect of the drug, and achieving stable and slow drug release. Conclusion: The present study enhances our understanding of the efficacy and remote effects of drug-loaded DMNs from a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) perspective, thereby promoting the development of precise and efficient delivery of TCM and further expanding the drug-loading range and application scenarios for DMNs. © 2024 Beijing university of Chinese Medicine

关键词： Acupuncture Astragaloside IV Astragalus polysaccharides Dissolving microneedle Drug delivery Immunosuppression In vivo diffusion Rheological properties

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Pseudorabies virus VhS protein abrogates interferon responses by blocking NF-κB and IRF3 nuclear translocation

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 587-599页

作者： Yan z. Yue J. z.ang Y. h.u z. Li D. Yang Y. Li X. Idris A. Li h. Li S. Xie J. Feng R. Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Biomedical Research Center Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou 730030 China College of Life Science and Engineering Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou 730030 China Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell Biomedical Research Center Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou 730030 China Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrializ.tion of Cell-based Vaccine Ministry of Education Biomedical Research Center Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou 730030 China Centre for Immunology and Infection Control School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove 4702 QLD Australia

herpesviruses antagoniz. host antiviral responses through a myriad of molecular strategies culminating in the death of the host cells. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a significant veterinary pathogen in pigs, causing neurological sequalae that ultimately lead to the animal's demise. PRV is known to trigger apoptotic cell death during the late stages of infection. The virion host shutdown protein (VhS) encoded by uL41 plays a crucial role in the PRV infection process. In this study, we demonstrate that uL41 inhibits PRV-induced activation of inflammatory cytokine and negatively regulates the cGAS-STING-mediated antiviral activity by targeting IRF3, thereby inhibiting the translocation and phosphorylation of IRF3. Notably, mutating the conserved amino acid sites (E192, D194, and D195) in the RNase domain of uL41 or knocking down uL41 inhibits the immune evasion of PRV, suggesting that uL41 may play a crucial role in PRV's evasion of the host immune response during infection. These results enhance our understanding of how PRV structural proteins assist the virus in evading the host immune response. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： cGAS-STING Interferon IRF3 Pseudorabies virus (PRV) uL41

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Mechanism of action of Wuz. Yanz.ng pill in the treatment of oligoasthenoz.ospermia in rats determined via serum metabolomics

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第2期11卷 180-190页

作者： Shen z. z.ang z. Tong K. Wang C. Wang S. z.ao P. Gu M. hu J. Tang Y. Liu z. School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China Beijing Tong Ren Tang Company Limited Beijing 100062 China School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China China Beijing Tong Ren Tang Group Co. Ltd. Beijing 100075 China Faculty of Chinese Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Macau 999078 China Department of Pathology University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093 CA United States

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of action of Wuz. Yanz.ng pill (WYP) in rats with oligoasthenoz.ospermia (OAz. via metabolomics and to provide a possible basis for improving this WYP-based treatment. Methods: A rat model of OAz.was established by treating male Sprague–Dawley rats with glucosides from Tripterygium wilfordii hook. F. Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, L-carnitine (positive control), model, and low-, medium-, and high-dose WYP groups. Rats in the experimental groups were treated with WYP for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, sperm cell quality (density, motility, and viability) was assessed using a semen analysis system, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using flow cytometry, and testicular injury was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining to validate the therapeutic effect of WYP in OAz. Further, serum metabolomics-based analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify differential metabolic pathways and possible mechanisms of action of WYP in OAz.treatment. Results: A rat model of OAz.was considered successfully-established after comparing the quality of spermatoz.a in the model group to that in the control group. WYP-M and WYP-h treatments significantly improved sperm cell density, motility, and viability compared with those in the model group (all P h the model group, both WYP-M and WYP-h treatments increased MMP values (P = .006 and P = .021 respectively), while there was no significant difference in the L-carnitine group. L-carnitine and WYP administration reversed damage to the testes to varying degrees compared with that in the model group. Further, 44 differential metabolites and four metabolic pathways, especially autophagy pathway, related to OAz.were identified via metabolomics. Conclusions: WYP improves sperm cell quality and MMP in OAz.primarily via autophagy regulation. These findings can be emplo

关键词： Autophagy Male infertility Metabolomics Oligoasthenoz.ospermia Sperm cell quality Wuz. Yanz.ng pill

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Precipitation of multi-type nano-quasicrystals in a Mg-z.-Y alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 997-1008页

作者： W.z.Wang X.z.z.0} L.F.z.ang h.Q.Ye z.Q.Yang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of ScienceShenyang 110016China Ji hua Laboratory Foshan 528251China Foshan university Foshan 528231China

Mg-6z.-1Y(at.%)ribbons with strengthening precipitates of multi-type nanoquasicrystals were prepared by melt-spinning followed by aging *** evolution of the rapidly solidified ribbons during isothermal aging was comprehensively studied using various electron microscopy *** new kinds of decagonal quasicrystals were formed in aged ribbons,in addition to precipitation of nanometer icosahedral ***-resolution observations reveal that both decagonal quasicrystals can be modeled by quasiperiodic tiling with decagonal clusters of 2.5 nm in diameter,but overlap of neighboring clusters in both decagonal quasicrystals is different from the Gummelt model observed in other quasicrystals.A shell composed of complex Laves Mg-z. domains was formed surrounding each decagonal quasicrystal precipitate upon prolonged *** addition,all kinds of nanoprecipitates exhibit excellent structure and siz. stability at 573 *** findings may have implications for not only fundamental studies about quasicrystals,but also microstructural manipulation of high-performance Mg alloys.

关键词： Quasicrystal Mg alloys Rapid solidification Scanning-transmission electron microscopy.

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Detection of hBV DNA integration in plasma cell-free DNA of different hBV diseases utiliz.ng DNA capture strategy

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第4期39卷 655-666页

作者： Yang z. z.ng J. Chen Y. Wang M. Luo h. huang A.-L. Deng h. hu Y. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases Ministry of Education Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China Department of Infectious Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China

The landscape of hepatitis B virus (hBV) integration in the plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of hBV-infected patients with different stages of liver diseases [chronic hepatitis B (ChB), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (hCC)] remains unclear. In this study, we developed an improved strategy for detecting hBV DNA integration in plasma cfDNA, based on DNA probe capture and next-generation sequencing. using this optimiz.d strategy, we successfully detected hBV integration events in chimeric artificial DNA samples and hBV-infected hepG2-NTCP cells at day one post infection, with high sensitivity and accuracy. The characteristics of hBV integration events in the hBV-infected hepG2-NTCP cells and plasma cfDNA from hBV-infected individuals (ChB, LC, and hCC) were further investigated. A total of 112 and 333 integration breakpoints were detected in the hepG2-NTCP cells and 22 out of 25 (88%) clinical hBV-infected samples, respectively. In vivo analysis showed that the normaliz.d number of support unique sequences (nnsus) in hCC was significantly higher than in ChB or LC patients (P values uted on human chromosomes and are enriched in the hBV genome around nt 1800. The majority of integration breakpoints (61.86%) are located in the gene-coding region. Both non-homologous end-joining (NhEJ) and microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) interactions occurred during hBV integration across the three different stages of liver diseases. Our study provides evidence that hBV DNA integration can be detected in the plasma cfDNA of hBV-infected patients, including those with ChB, LC, or hCC, using this optimiz.d strategy. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) DNA capture DNA integration hepatitis B virus (hBV)

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Exploring Variability in Sea Level at a Tide Gauge Station through Control Charts

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Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 2024年第1期6卷 11-18页

作者： h.Bâkiİz Independent Scholar Boca Raton Florida33496USA

Monitoring temporal changes in sea level is important in assessing coastal *** level anomalies at a tide gauge station,if kinematically conceived,include systematic variations such as trend,acceleration,periodic oscillations,and random *** them,the non-stationary nature of the random sea level variations of known or unknown origin at coastal regions has been long recogniz.d by the sea level *** study proposes the analyses of subgroups of random residual statistics of a rigorously formulated kinematic model solution of tide gauge variations using X-bar and S control *** approach is demonstrated using Key West,Florida tide gauge *** mean and standard errors of 5-year-long subgroups of the residuals revealed that sea level changes at this location have been progressively intensifying from 1913 to the *** oscillations in sea level at this locality may be attributed partly to the thermal expansion of seawater with increasing temperatures causing larger buoyancy-related sea level fluctuations as well as the intensification of atmospheric events including wind patterns and the impact of changes in inverted barometer effects that will alter coastal risk assessments for the future.

关键词： Climate change Sea level variance X-bar S control charts

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Microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading with different prestrain levels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 80-93页

作者： Y.h.z.ang h.Li z.W.Yang X.Liu Q.F.Gu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of high-Performance Precision Forming Technology and Equipment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy(SMA)is a promising material in the aerospace field due to its wide transformation *** application of shape memory effect depends on multistep thermomechan-ical loading,viz.,low-temperature deformation and subsequent heating to ***-temperature deformation prestrain plays a pivotal role in shape memory properties tailoring of SMA ***,microstructure evolution and deformation mechanisms of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)SMA subjected to vari-ous prestrain levels are still *** this end,microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading with prestrain levels of 8%-16%at-28℃(M_(s)+30℃)were *** results demonstrate that the stress-strain curve of the specimen exhibits four distinct stages at a maximal prestrain of 16%.Whereas stageⅡand stageⅢend at prestrains of∼8%and∼12%,*** stageⅡ,the stress-induced martensitic transformation is accompanied by the dislocation slip of the NiTi matrix andβ-Nb *** stageⅢ,in addition to the higher density of dislocations and further growth of stress-induced martensite variants(SIMVs),(001)compound twins are introduced as a result of the(001)deformation twinning in stress-induced ***{20-1}martensite twins are gradually introduced in stageⅣ.Correspondingly,after subsequent unloading and heating,a higher density of{114}austenite twins form in the specimen with a larger prestrain of 16%.With increasing prestrain from 8%to 16%,the recoverable strainε_(re)^(T)upon heating increases first and then ***ε_(re)^(T)obtains a maximum of 7.03%at 10%prestrain and de-creases to 6.17%at 16%*** increase ofε_(re)^(T)can be attributed to the formation of new SIMVs,the further growth of existing SIMVs,and the recoverable(001)compound *** the decrease ofε_(re)^(T)is mainly associated with the irrecoverable strain by{20−1}martensite *** effe

关键词： Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy Wide transformation hysteresis Thermomechanical loading Microstructure evolution Shape memory behaviors Stress-induced martensitic transformation Deformation twinning

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