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Weak correlation of flower color and nectar-tube depth in temperate grasslands

Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第2期10卷 397-405页

作者： Julia Binkenstein martina Stang Julien P.Renoult h.martin schaefer Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Faculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacher Straße 479106 FreiburgGermany Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722300 RA LeidenThe Netherlands Institute of Arts Creation Theory and Aesthetics UMR 8218-CNRS47 r.des bergers75015 ParisFrance Fundacion Jocotoco Lizardo GarcíaE9-104 y Andrés XauraP.O.Box 17-16-337QuitoEcuador

Aims Nectar is one of the most common floral rewards offered to pol-linators by *** on the plant species,nectar is offered openly or in tubes of various lengths restricting accessibility of this resource for flower visitors with short *** attract-ing pollinators that match floral morphology increases pollination efficiency,flowers could profit from signaling nectar-tube depth to *** flower colors are important signals in plant-pol-linator communication,we investigated whether and which differ-ent chromatic or achromatic aspects of flower color might indicate nectar-tube depth or whether flower colors facilitate the differen-tiation between flowers with long nectar tubes by means of high chromatic *** To this end,we collected flower reflectance spectra of 135 grassland plant *** analyzed flower colors as raw reflectance spectra in principal component analysis(PCA)and in the color space of *** Findings The correlation between flower colors and tube depths was *** the bee’s point of view,blue flowers had on average deeper tubes than green,blue-green and UV-green flowers potentially allow-ing insects to predict tube depths based on blue *** purity did not correlate with nectar-tube depth,nor did the chromatic uniqueness of flower colors in the honeybee color *** wavelength showed a significant but very weak correlation with tube *** achromatic green contrast decreased with increasing tube depth as did brightness;thus deep tubes were less conspicuous than shallow *** components resulting from PCA did not or only slightly correlate with tube *** results illustrate that flower colors may have a certain potential to indicate tube depth,*** accessibility,from a bee’s perspective.

关键词： vision pollination efficiency plant-animal interaction nectar tube depth

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Is sympatric speciation in nature only possible with micro-parapatry? A new case study of glacial lake cyprinid fishes

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 21-23页

作者： Christopher h.martin Department of Integrative Biology University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California

Although numerous theoretical models of the feasibility and necessary conditions for sympatric speciation abound in the literature,clear-cut examples in nature remain ***,as always in speciation research,this statement strongly depends on your definition of sympatric speciation [1-3].If using the biogeographic definition of sympatric speciation as divergence between individuals in a population within’cruising range’of each other [4],

关键词： CLEAREST EXAMPLES GENE FLOW

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Genomic Mosaicism of the Brain:Origin,Impact,and Utility

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 759-776页

作者： Jared h.Graham Johannes C.M.Schlachetzki Xiaoxu Yang martin W.Breuss Department of Pediatrics Section of Clinical Genetics and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora80045-2581COUSA Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Department of Neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine San Diego92123CAUSA

Genomic mosaicism describes the phenomenon where some but not all cells within a tissue harbor unique genetic ***,research focused on the impact of genomic mosaicism on clinical phenotype—motivated by its involvement in cancers and overgrowth *** recently,we increasingly shifted towards the plethora of neutral mosaic variants that can act as recorders of cellular lineage and environmental ***,we summarize the current state of the field of genomic mosaicism research with a special emphasis on our current understanding of this phenomenon in brain development and *** the field of genomic mosaicism has a rich history,technological advances in the last decade have changed our approaches and greatly improved our *** will provide current definitions and an overview of contemporary detection approaches for genomic ***,we will discuss the impact and utility of genomic mosaicism.

关键词： Genomics Brain development Brain homeostasis Genomic mosaicism

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harnessing neural activity to promote repair of the damaged corticospinal system after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第9期11卷 1389-1391页

作者： John h.martin Department of Physiology Pharmacology & NeuroscienceCity University of New York School of Medicine

As most spinal cord injuries （SCIs） are incomplete, an important target for promoting neural repair and recovery of lost motor function is to promote the connections of spared descending spinal pathways with spinal motor circuits. Among the pathways, the corticospinal tract （CST） is most associated with skilled voluntary functions in humans and many animals. CST loss, whether at its origin in the motor cortex or in the white matter tracts subcortically and in the spinal cord, leads to movement impairments and paraly- sis. To restore motor function after injury will require repair of the damaged CST. In this review, I discuss how knowledge of activity-dependent development of the CST--which establishes connectional speci- ficity through axon pruning, axon outgrowth, and synaptic competition among CST terminals--informed a novel activity-based therapy for promoting sprouting of spared CST axons after injur in mature animals. This therapy, which comprises motor cortex electrical stimulation with and without concurrent trans-spi- nal direct current stimulation, leads to an increase in the gray matter axon length of spared CST axons in the rat spinal cord and, after a pyramidal tract lesion, restoration of skilled locomotor movements. I discuss how this approach is now being applied to a C4 contusion rat model.

关键词： corticospinal tract motor cortex electrical stimulation spinal direct current stimulation spinalcord injury brain injury

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Boosting corticospinal system synaptic plasticity to recover motor functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第10期18卷 2182-2183页

作者： Weiguo Song John h.martin Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research ManhassetNYUSA Department of Molecular Cellularand Biomedical SciencesCenter for Discovery and Innovation Neuroscience Program Graduate Center of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA

An importa nt strategy to promote voluntary movements after motor system injury is to strengthen the connections between the motor cortex and muscles by taking advantage of the plasticity of the corticospinal motor *** neuromodulation approaches are directed to activate the spinal cord and peripheral axons to strengthen muscle *** discuss in this perspective that,the cortex and spinal cord should be ta rgeted together to enhance cortex-to-musclefunction(Amer and martin,2022).

关键词： plasticity system activation

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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan McClory Richard h.Ellis martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob MacKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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Second-order error analysis of the averaged L1 scheme L1 for time-fractional initial-value and subdiffusion problems

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第7期67卷 1641-1664页

作者： Jinye Shen Fanhai Zeng martin Stynes School of Mathematics Southwestern University of Finance and EconomicsChengdu611130China School of Mathematics Shandong UniversityJinan250100China Applied and Computational Mathematics Division Beijing Computational Science Research CenterBeijing100193China

Fractional initial-value problems(IVPs) and time-fractional initial-boundary value problems(IBVPs), each with a Caputo temporal derivative of order α ∈(0, 1), are considered. An averaged variant of the well-known L1 scheme is proved to be O(N^(-2)) convergent for IVPs on suitably graded meshes with N points, thereby improving the O(N^(-(2-α))) convergence rate of the standard L1 scheme. The analysis relies on a delicate decomposition of the temporal truncation error that yields a sharp dependence of the order of convergence on the degree of mesh grading used. This averaged L1 scheme can be combined with a finite difference or piecewise linear finite element discretization in space for IBVPs, and under a restriction on the temporal mesh width, one gets again O(N^(-2)) convergence in time, together with O(h^(2)) convergence in space,where h is the spatial mesh width. Numerical experiments support our results.

关键词： time-fractional subdiffusion averaged L1 scheme

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A Tutorial Review of the Solar Power Curve: Regressions, Model Chains, and Their hybridization and Probabilistic Extensions

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1023-1067页

作者： Dazhi YANG Xiang’ao XIA martin János MAYER School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001HeilongjiangChina Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation(LAGEO) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp.3Budapest H-1111Hungary

Owing to the persisting hype in pushing toward global carbon neutrality,the study scope of atmospheric science is rapidly *** numerous trending topics,energy meteorology has been attracting the most attention *** essential skill of solar energy meteorologists is solar power curve modeling,which seeks to map irradiance and auxiliary weather variables to solar power,by statistical and/or physical *** this regard,this tutorial review aims to deliver a complete overview of those fundamental scientific and engineering principles pertaining to the solar power *** power curves can be modeled in two primary ways,one of regression and the other of model *** classes of modeling approaches,alongside their hybridization and probabilistic extensions,which allow accuracy improvement and uncertainty quantification,are scrutinized and contrasted thoroughly in this review.

关键词： review energy meteorology solar power curve model chain solar power prediction

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Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual regimen with Saccharomyces boulardii as a rescue therapy for helicobacter pylori:Current perspectives and implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1280-1286页

作者： Valerie Josephine Dirjayanto Jessica Audrey Daniel martin Simadibrata Faculty of Medicine Universitas IndonesiaJakarta Pusat 10430DKI JakartaIndonesia Division of Gastroenterology and hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota 55905United States Nuffield Department of Population health University of OxfordOxford OX37LFUnited Kingdom

Yu et al’s study in the World Journal of Gastroenterology(2023)introduced a novel regimen of Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii(***)for the rescue therapy against helicobacter pylori(***),a pathogen responsible for peptic ulcers and gastric *** is a potassium-competitive acid blocker renowned for its rapid and long-lasting acid suppression,which is minimally affected by *** to proton pump inhibitors,which bind irreversibly to cysteine residues in the h+/K+-ATPase pump,Vonoprazan competes with the K+ions,prevents the ions from binding to the pump and blocks acid *** with increasing antibiotic resistance,effects on the gut microbiota,patient compliance,and side effects have led to the advent of a dual regimen for *** studies suggested that *** plays a role in stabilizing the gut barrier which improves *** eradication *** an acceptable safety profile,the dual-adjunct regimen was effective regardless of prior treatment failure and antibiotic resistance profile,thereby strengthening the applicability in clinical ***,*** comes in various formulations and dosages,warranting further exploration into the optimal dosage for supplementation in rescue ***,larger,randomized,double-blinded controlled trials are warranted to confirm these promising results.

关键词： Vonoprazan Saccharomyces boulardii helicobacter pylori Rescue therapy Eradication rate

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CO_(2)capture costs of chemical looping combustion of biomass:A comparison of natural and synthetic oxygen carrier

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 296-310页

作者： Benjamin Fleiß Juraj Priscak martin hammerschmid Josef Fuchs Stefan Müller hermann hofbauer Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienVienna1060 ViennaAustria BEST–Bioenergy and Sustainable Technologies Gmbh Graz8010 StyriaAustria

Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and mitigate climate *** this process,a metal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO_(2) via combustion of *** commonly,natural ores or synthetic materials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both must meet special requirements for the conversion of solid *** oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural *** determine the viability of both possibilities,a techno-economic comparison of a synthetic material based on manganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilmenite was *** synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high combustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were *** techno-economic assessment resulted in CO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tCO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high impact of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic *** synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling *** comparison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is demonstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of CO_(2) could be reduced by implementing the chemical looping combustion technology.

关键词： Chemical looping combustion BECCS Techno-economic assessment CO_(2)capture costs Oxygen carrier development Synthetic materials Ilmenite

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