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Investigating Transgenic Corn h.brids as a Meth.d for Mycotoxin Control

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第1期7卷 44-54页

作者： h.med K. Abbas Nacer Bellaloui h. arnold bruns Biological Control of Pests Research.Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA Crop Genetic Research.Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA Crop Production Systems Research.Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA

Transgenic Bt corn h.brids h.ve been available for more th.n 10 years and are known to control specific insects. More recently, so-called “stacked-gene” h.brids, h.ve been released with.multiple insect resistance genes and genes for h.rbicide resistance, resulting in up to 6 traits per plant. Because insect damage can lead to increased levels of mycotoxins, such.as aflatoxins and fumonisin, we designed a study to compare ten commercially available corn h.brids, two non-transgenic, four with.both.h.rbicide and insect tolerance (stacked-gene) and four with.glyph.sate tolerance only to determine if any h.brid class h.d th. advantage of reduced mycotoxin contamination. Th. experiment was carried out in th. Mississippi State University Delta Research.Extension fields in Stoneville, MS for two years in fine sandy loam and clay soil. Rows were eith.r inoculated at th. V10 stage of growth.with.toxigenic Aspergillus flavus K54 (NRRL 58987, isolated from corn kernels in Mississippi), grown on wh.at, and applied at a rate of 22.42 kg/h. or allowed to become naturally infected with.disease-producing fungi, including various Fusarium and oth.r Aspergillus spp. Mycotoxin production differed according to th. soil type with.lower levels detected in th. h.brids planted in clay soil vs. sandy soil. h.wever, no significant differences in mycotoxin production were found amongst th. h.brid classes. More research.is needed to identify conditions under wh.ch.transgenic h.brids migh. produce h.gh.r yields and lower mycotoxin levels. Presently, selection of transgenic h.brids will not replace integrated strategies of biocontrol, h.st plant resistance, or good crop management practices for ach.eving adequate mycotoxin control in corn.

关键词： Stacked-Gene Corn h.brids Soil Type Mycotoxins Aflatoxin Fumonisin

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Effect of Planting Density, Irrigation Regimes, and Maize h.brids with.Varying Ear Size on Yield, and Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Contamination Levels

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第10期3卷 1341-1354页

作者： h.med K. Abbas h.nry J. Mascagni Jr. h. arnold bruns W. Th.mas Sh.er Department of Medicinal Ch.mistry College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota Minneapolis USA 5Department of Plant Path.logy & Crop Ph.siology Louisiana State University AgCenter Baton Rouge USA. United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research.Service Biological Control of Pests Research Unit Stoneville USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research.Service Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville USA North.ast Research.Center Louisiana State University AgCenter St. Joseph USA

Corn (maize, Zea mays L.) h.brids expressing th. flexibility trait in ear size (number of kernels per ear) are marketed for ability to give h.gh.r yields under adverse conditions. Altered kernel number is associated with.altered number of silk, a major route for infection of kernels by aflatoxin-producing fungi such.as Aspergillus flavus. Th. effect of plant density and irrigation level on yield and accumulation of aflatoxins and fumonisins in h.rvested grain was compared in a fixed-ear h.brid (Pioneer 33K81), a semi-flexible ear h.brid (Pioneer 3223) and a flexible ear h.brid (Golden Acres 8460) over a range of seeding densities (49,400, 61,750, 74,700, 86,450, and 98,800 seeds·h.–1) in non-irrigated, moderately-irrigated (6.4 cm soil water deficit) and well-irrigated plots (3.8 cm soil water deficit), during th.ee years with.variable rainfall. Irrigation increased yields in all h.brids, but in th. absence of irrigation, yields were h.gh.st with.th. semi-flexible ear trait h.brid. In general, th. h.brid with.th. flexible ear trait h.d lower optimal seeding densities th.n th. oth.r h.brids for each.soil water regime. In general, kernel number was least affected by seeding density in th. h.brid with.fixed-ear trait compared to th. semi- and flexible ear h.brids. Th. lowest levels of aflatoxin and of fumonisin contamination in h.rvested grain were associated with.th. flexible ear trait at all rainfall and irrigation levels, but th.re was no evidence th.t reducing stress by lowering seeding density reduced mycotoxin contamination. Inoculation with.A. flavus resulted in much.h.gh.r levels of aflatoxin and significantly h.gh.r levels of fumonisin contamination in grain of all h.brids under most conditions of rainfall and irrigation, suggesting th.t factors th.t promote A. flavus infection can affect production of both.mycotoxins.

关键词： Aflatoxin Fumonisin Mycotoxin Corn Maize Environmental Manipulation Irrigation Flexible Kernel Number Trait

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Soybean seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and mineral composition as influenced by soybean-corn rotation

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Agricultural Sciences 2010年第3期1卷 102-109页

作者： Nacer Bellaloui h. arnold bruns Anne. M. Gillen h.med K. Abbas Robert M. Zablotowicz Alemu Mengistu Robert L. Paris 不详

Effects of crop rotation on soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) seed composition h.ve not been well investigated. Th.refore, th. objective of th.s study was to investigate th. effects of soybean-corn (Zea mays L.) rotations on seed protein, oil, and fatty acids composition on soybean. Soybeans were grown at Stoneville, MS, from 2005 to 2008 in five different sch.duled cropping sequences. In 2007, following th.ee years of rotation with.corn, seed oleic acid percentage was significantly h.gh.r in any crop rotation th.n continuous soybean. Th. increase of oleic fatty acid ranged from 61 to 68% in 2007, and from 27 to 51% in 2008, depending on th. rotation. Th. increase of oleic acid was accompanied by significant increases in seed concentrations of ph.sph.rus (P), iron (Fe), and boron (B). In 2007, th. increase of P ranged from 60 to 75%, Fe from 70 to 72%, and B from 34 to 69%. In 2008, th. increase of P ranged from 82 to 106%, Fe from 32 to 84%, and B from 62 to 77%. Continuous soybean h.d h.gh.r linoleic:oleic ratio and linoleic: palmitic + stearic + oleic ratio, indicating th.t relative quantity of linoleic acid decreased in rotated crops. Th. total production of protein, oil, stearic and oleic fatty acids was th. lowest in continuous soybean. Th. total production of palmitic acid was inconsistent across years. Th. results sh.w th.t soybean- corn rotation affects seed composition by consistently increasing seed oleic fatty acid, P, Fe, and B concentrations. h.gh.r oleic acid, unsaturated fatty acid, is desirable for oil stability and long-sh.lf storage. Th. mech.nisms of h.w th.se nutrients are involved are not yet understood.

关键词： Fatty Acids Mineral Nutrients Oil Protein Seed Composition Soybean-Corn Rotation

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Predictors of th. placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： Rosemary arnold Jenifer Murph.-Smith.Ch.e h.Ng David Misch.ulon Gerard J.Byrne Ch.d A.Bousman Con Stough.Mich.el Berk Jerome Sarris Professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression Clinical and Research.Program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia Departments of Medical Genetics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Psych.atry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Centre for h.man Psych.ph.rmacology Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia Th. Institute for Mental and Ph.sical h.alth.and Clinical Translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia Th. Centre of Excellence in Youth.Mental h.alth the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental h.alth the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia NICM h.alth.Research.Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Objective Th. placebo response in depression studies is th. ch.nge in symptoms amongst th.se wh. receive an inactive *** well-designed randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of depression h.ve a h.gh.proportion of placebo responders,with.little understanding as to *** present study assesses ch.racteristics associated with.th. placebo response in a nutraceutical trial with.a large proportion of placebo *** Th.s is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression RCT wh.ch.identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo group).We investigated participant ch.racteristics such.as socio-demograph.cs,clinical features,and recruitment meth.ds,and th.ir association with.th. placebo *** genetic polymorph.sms were also *** response was measured based on ch.nge in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale *** association of th.se h.poth.sis-driven variables of interest and th. placebo response was examined using linear mixed effects *** Greater levels of education,particularly pursuing post-h.gh.sch.ol education,better self-reported general h.alth.marriage/de facto,greater improvement in th. first trial week,and more failed antidepressant th.rapies in th. current depressive episode were associated with.greater placebo *** increased placebo response was not found in th.se recruited via social media nor in th.se with.concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorph.sms from th. tryptoph.n h.droxylase 1(TPh.)gene(A779C and A218C)were weakly associated with.greater placebo response,alth.ugh.th. evidence was attenuated after accounting for multiple *** Th.s is,to our knowledge,th. first study with.n nutraceutical research.for depression to assess th. association between participant ch.racteristics and variation in th. placebo *** variables appeared to predict th. placebo *** findings may encourage future trial design

关键词： Randomized controlled trial Placebo Depression Nutraceutical Psych.atry

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Early markers of reperfusion injury after liver transplantation: association with.primary dysfunction

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h.patobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第3期14卷 246-252页

作者： h.lge bruns Jan h.il Daniel Sch.ltze Moh.mmed Al Saeedi Peter Sch.mmer Department of General and Transplant Surgery University Hospital Heidelberg

BACKGROUND： In patients with.end-stage fiver disease, fiver transplantation is th. only available curative treatment. Al- th.ugh.th. outcome and quality of life in th. patients h.ve improved over th. past decades, primary dys- or nonfimction （PDF/PNF） can occur. Early detection of PDF and PNF is crucial and could lead to individual th.rapies. Th.s study was designed to identify early markers of reperfusion injury and PDF in liver biopsies taken during th. first h.ur after reperfusion.

关键词： primary dysfunction liver transplantation predictive markers reperfusion injury microarray

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Neoadjuvant ch.moradiation ch.nges podoplanin expression in esoph.geal cancer patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第23期26卷 3236-3248页

作者： Ute Warnecke-Eberz Patrick Plum Viola Sch.einsberg Uta Drebber Ch.istiane J bruns Dolores T Müller Arnulf h.h.lsch.r Elfriede Bollsch.eiler Department of General Visceral and Cancer SurgeryUniversity Hospital of CologneCologne 50937Germany Department of Dermatology University Hospital of CologneCologne 50937Germany Institute of Path.logy University Hospital of CologneCologne 50937Germany Agaplesion Markus h.spital Frankfurt 60431Germany

BACKGROUND Locally advanced adenocarcinoma of th. esoph.gus(EAC) and squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) result in a worse prognosis. Neoadjuvant treatment improves survival, h.wever, only for responders. Th. transmembrane glycoprotein podoplanin is overexpressed in squamous cell carcinomas, mi RNA-363 is associated to its regulation in h.ad and neck *** To predict th.rapy response and prognosis markers, and targets for novel th.rapies would individualize treatments leading to more favourable *** Expression of podoplanin protein h.s been visualized by immunoh.stoch.mistry in surgical specimens of 195 esoph.geal cancer patients wh. underwent transth.racic esoph.gectomy: 90 ESCC and 105 EAC with.clinical T2-3, Nx, *** h.ndred and six patients received neoadjuvant ch.moradiation. RNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue, and mi RNA-363 quantified by realtime Taq Man-real-time-PCR. D2-40 mab staining of > 5% was scored as h.gh.podoplanin expression(h.E). We related podoplanin and mi RNA-363 expression to h.stopath.logic response after neoadjuvant treatment and clinicopath.logical ch.racteristics, such.as h.stological tumor type, survival rate or clinical tumor *** confirmed expression of membrane-bound podoplanin in 90 ESCC patients.26% sh.wed h.E of > 5%. In addition, absence in EAC patients(only 2% with.h.E) was sh.wn. Lower podoplanin expression h.s been detected in resectionspecimen of 58 ESCC patients after neoadjuvant(RTx/CTx) treatment, only 11% with.h.E, compared to 50% h.E of 32 non-pretreated primary surgery patients,P = 0.0001. Th.s difference of podoplanin expression was confirmed comparing pre-treatment biopsies with.match.ng post-treatment surgical specimens, P h.s been identified as a prognostic marker in 32 patients th.t underwent primary surgery with.ut neoadjuvant treatment. Low(0-5%)podoplanin expression was associated with.better prognosis compared to patients with.h.E, P = 0.013. Podoplanin e

关键词： Esoph.geal cancer Response prediction Prognosis D2-40 Posttranscriptional regulation miRNA-363

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Effect of h.L and apo AI on PGE_2 Production by Monocyte-Derived Macroph.ges

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Journal of h.azh.ng University of Science and Tech.ology(Medical Sciences) 2002年第4期22卷 270-272页

作者：周小琴 arnold von Eckardstein DepartmentofInternalMedicine InstituteofClinicalCh.mistry&LaboratoryMedicine

Effect of antiath.rogenic h.gh.density lipoprotein (h.L) and apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) on production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) by h.man m onocyte- derived macroph.ges was *** were loaded with.acetylated low density lipoprotein followed by incuba- tion with.h.L3or apo ***2 produced and secreted in culture supernatant was quantified by en- zyme im ***3induced production of PGE2 by m acroph.ges in a time- dependent m an- ner.2 4 h.after incubation,PGE2 production by h.L3- treated macroph.ges increased 3.7- fold of th.t by control *** AI also induced PGE2 secretion to 2 .1- fold,wh.ch.was significantly less th.n *** data indicate th.t both.h.L3and lipid- free apo AI enh.nce PGE2 synth.sis and se- cretion by h.m an m acroph.ges and th.s may furth.r contribute to th. protection from ath.roscle- rosis.

关键词： prostaglandin E2 h.gh.density lipoprotein m acroph.ge,m onocyte- derived apolipoprotein AI ath.rosclerosi

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Synth.sis and CrystalStructure of Dicesiumtrans-Dicarbonatotetraaquom agnesium ,Cs_2[Mg(CO_3)_2(h.2O)_4]

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Ch.mical Research.in Ch.nese Universities 1999年第3期15卷 211-217页

作者： Zh.NG Yue-qing ADAM arnold Ch.mistry Department Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211P.R.China Institute fr Anorganisch. Ch.mie Universitāt zu KlnD 50674 KlnGermany

Th. title compound, Cs 2[Mg(CO 3) 2(h.2O) 4], was synth.sized by th. dropwise addition of an aqueous solution of Mg(NO 3) 2 to a stirred aqueous Cs 2CO 3/Csh.O 3 solution. A colorless needle sh.ped crystal was formed by slow evaporation. Th. crystal structure was establish.d on th. basis of th. single crystal X ray diffraction data. Cs 2[Mg(CO 3) 2(h.2O) 4] crystallized in th. orth.rh.mbic space group Pbca (No. 61) with.a =0.658 4(1) nm, b =1.257 9(1) nm, c =1.301 3(1) nm, \{ V =1.077 8 nm 3, Z =4, D x=2.971 g·cm -3 , μ =69.20 cm -1 , F (000)=888, T =298 K, final R =0.029 and R w=0.024 for 1 037 observed reflections. Th. crystal consists of Cs + cations and th. complex trans [Mg(CO 3) 2(h.2O) 4] 2- anions with.each.Mg atom coordinated by th. six oxygens of two carbonate groups and four water molecules [ d (Mg_O)=0.203 6(4), 0.207 4(4), 0.213 4(4) nm]. Th. complex trans [Mg(CO 3) 2(h.2O) 4] 2- anions are arranged in a strongly compressed bcc pattern. A 3D network was formed th.ough.th. intermolecular h.drogen bonds. Th. Cs + cations are located in cavities, each.being surrounded by nine oxygens of five complex anions with.d (Cs_O)=0.306 1-0.348 8 nm. Th. CO 2- 3 group reveals a lowering of D 3h.symmetry due to site and coordination effects, but not any observable deviation from co planarity [ d (C_O)=0.127 2(6), 0.127 5(7) , 0.130 5(6) nm and O_C_O=119.6(5)°, 120.1(5)°, 120.4(5)°].

关键词： Synth.sis Cs 2[Mg(CO 3) 2(h. 2O) 4] Dicesium trans dicarbonatotetraaquomagnesium Crystal structure Complex carbonate

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Th. Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on th. SMILE Mission

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Earth.and Planetary Ph.sics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme D.Agnolon T.arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont T.Crawford J.P.Breuer T.Buggey G.Butch.r R.Canch.l J.A.Carter A.Ch.ney Y.Collado-Vega h.Connor T.Crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth.T.Frantzen G.Galgóczi J.Garcia G.Y.Genov C.Gordillo h.P.Gröbelbauer M.Guedel Y.Guo M.h.iley D.h.ll R.h.mpson J.h.siba O.h.th.rington A.h.lland S-Y.h.ieh.M.W.J.h.bbard h.Jeszenszky M.Jones T.Kennedy K.Koch.Meh.in S.Kögl S.Krucker K.D.Kuntz C.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale J.Miguel Mas h.sse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard h.Ottach.r R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter T.Pouliantis B.h.Quresh. W.Raab G.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sach.ev A.Samsonov M.Soman D.Sibeck S.Smit J.Søndergaard R.Speigh. S.Stavland M.Steller TianRan Sun J.Th.rnh.ll W.Th.mas K.Ullaland B.Walsh.D.Walton C.Wang S.Yang Sch.ol of Ph.sics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research.Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace Tech.ology MadridSpain ESTEC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weath.r National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts North.estern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space Gmbh CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics Gmbh CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich.University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway STM Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway Joh. h.pkins University Applied Ph.sics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/Goddard Space Fligh. Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Ph.sics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Th.oretical Ph.sics and Astroph.sics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Ph.sics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research.Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

Th. Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of th. scientific payload of th. Solar wind Magnetosph.re Ionosph.re Link Explorer(SMILE)*** is a joint science mission between th. European Space Agency(ESA)and th. Ch.nese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch.in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with.a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth.s magnetosph.re from th. vantage point of th. SMILE *** is sensitive to th. soft X-rays produced by th. Solar Wind Ch.rge eXch.nge(SWCX)process produced wh.n h.avy ions of solar wind origin interact with.neutral particles in Earth.s *** provides a mech.nism for boundary detection with.n th. magnetosph.re,such.as th. position of Earth.s magnetopause,because th. solar wind h.avy ions h.ve a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of th. SXI is such.th.t it can potentially track movements of th. magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and th. orbit of SMILE will enable such.movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by th. University of Leicester in th. United Kingdom(UK)with.collaborating organisations on h.rdware,software and science support with.n th. UK,Europe,Ch.na and th. United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCD

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New data sources for social indicators: th. case study of contacting politicians by Twitter

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第8期10卷 829-845页

作者： Cristina Rosales Sánch.z Massimo Craglia arnold K.Bregt European Commission–DG Joint Research.Centre Digital Economy UnitIspraItaly Wageningen University and Research.Centre Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote SensingWageningenThe Netherlands

Data availability is a persistent constraint in social policy *** 2.0 tech.ologies could provide valuable new data sources,but first,th.ir potentials and limitations need to be *** paper reports on a meth.d using Twitter data for deriving indications of active citizensh.p,taken as an example of social *** citizensh.p is a dimension of social capital,empowering communities and reducing possibilities of social ***,classical measurements of active citizensh.p are generally costly and *** paper looks at one of such.classic indicators,namely,responses to th. survey question‘contacts to politicians’.It compares official survey results in Spain with.findings from an analysis of Twitter *** meth.d presents its own strength. and weakness,th.s best results may be ach.eved by th. combination of *** surveys h.ve th. clear advantage of being statistically robust and representative of a total ***,Twitter data offer more timely and less costly information,with.h.gh.r spatial and temporal *** paper presents our full meth.dological workflow for analysing and comparing th.se two data *** research.results advance th. debate on h.w social media data could be mined for policy analysis.

关键词： Twitter active citizensh.p social media indicators data mining

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