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Take-over:multiple mechanisms of inter-adipocyte communication

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2011年第2期3卷 81-90页

作者： gunter Muller Department Biology I Genetics MartinsriedBiocenterLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichMunichGermany

Adipose tissue mass in mammals is thought to expand with an increase in both volume and total number of the *** findings suggest that in normal-weight as well as obese individuals,the adipocyte number is set during adolescence prior to adulthood,whereas the subsequent increase in size predominantly drives *** simultaneous existence of large and small adipocytes and their unsynchronized growth,even within the same adipose tissue depot,argues against simple filling-up of emerging adipocytes with lipids and lipid droplets(LDs).Consequently,it is tempting to speculate about signals sent by large adipocytes to order small adipocytes the take-over of the burden of lipid *** there is experimental evidence for three distinct types of inter-adipocyte signals,***-to-cell contacts,adipokines,and other soluble factors and *** recently,microvesicles have been shown(i)to harbour the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored(c)AMP-degrading phosphodiesterase Gce1 and 5′-nucleotidase CD73,(ii)to be released from large adipocytes,(iii)to interact with small adipocytes,and(iv)to transfer Gce1 and CD73 to plasma membranes and LDs of small adipocytes where they degrade(c)*** sequence of events leads to the up-regulation of lipid storage in small adipocytes in response to the microvesicle-encoded‘take-over’signal from large adipocytes.A model is proposed for the maturation of small adipocytes driven by large ones along a gradient of those inter-adipocyte *** modulation of inter-adipocyte communication and thereby adipocyte maturation may be useful for the therapy of metabolic diseases.

关键词： adipokines fat cells glycosylphosphatidylinositol lipid droplets lipid metabolism microvesicles obesity type 2 diabetes

Lithostratigraphy,Sedimentology,and Provenance of the Balfour Formation(Beaufort Group) in the Fort Beaufort-Alice Area,Eastern Cape Province,South Africa

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第5期83卷 902-916页

作者： David KATEMAUNZANGA Cornelis Janse gunter Council for Geoscience PretoriaSouth Africa Geology Department University of Fort HareAliceSouth Africa

The Balfour Formation has a pronounced lithological variation that is characterized by alternating sandstone- and mudstone-dominated members. The sandstone-dominated Oudeberg and Barberskrans Members are composed of lithofacies that range from intraformationai conglomerates to fine-grained sediments, whereas the mudstone-dominated members （Daggaboersnek, Elandsberg, and Palingkloof） are dominated by the facies Fm and FI. Petrography, geochemistry, and a paleocurrent analysis indicated that the source rock of the Balfour Formation was to south east and the rocks had a transitional/dissected magmatic arc signature. The sandstones-rich members were deposited by seasonal and ephemeral high-energy, low-sinuous streams, and the fine-grained-rich members were formed by ephemeral meandering streams. The paleoclimates have been equated to present temperate climates; they were semiarid becoming arid towards the top of the Balfour Formation. This has been determined by reconstructing the paleolatitude of the Karoo Basin, geochemistry, paleontology, sedimentary structures, and other rock properties, like color.

关键词： Balfour Formation Karoo Supergroup Beaufort Group lithostratigraphy sedimentology provenance Permo-Triassic

Second Harmonic Generation in a KNbO_(3) Slab Waveguide

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Chinese Physics Letters 1991年第4期8卷 180-183页

作者： WU Lusheng P.gunter Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Academia SinicaHefei 230031 Laboratory of Nonlinear Optics ETH-Honggerberg8093 ZurichSwitzerland

An experiment of second harmonic generation in a KNbO_(3) slab waveguide u reported.A power conversion efficiency of 11.3%and a slope efficiency of 17%have been obtained in a 93μm waveguide pumped by a Q-switched Nd:... 详细信息

关键词： Nd:YAG waveguide pumped

“Green Technology”: To Solve a Pressing Economic and Ecological Problem--An interview with gunter Larisch, expert from Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics

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国际人才交流 2020年第11期 66-67页

作者： [German]gunter Larisch 不详

Prof. gunter Larisch graduated from the Technical University ofBerlin. Since 2018, he has been engaged in research work relatedto the fabrication, characterization, and application of energyefficient,high-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs) at the Center of NanoPhotonics. He has won the SPIEPhotonics West “Green Photonics Award” three times. In 2019,he joined Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics andPhysics through the CAS President’s International FellowshipInitiative (PIFI), and started to work in the Bimberg Chinese-German Green Photonics Research Center.

关键词： SPIE Changchun cavity

13 K thermally coupled two-stage Stirling-type pulse tube refrigerator

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第16期50卷 1814-1816页

作者： TANG Ke CHEN Guobang THUMMES gunter Cryogenics Laboratory Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Institute of Applied Physics University of Giessen Giessen 35392Germany

Stirling-type pulse tube refrigerators have at-tracted academic and commercial interest in recent years due to their more compact configuration and higher effi-ciency than those of G-M type pulse tube refrigerators. In order to achieve a no-load cooling temperature below 20 K, a thermally coupled two-stage Stirling-type pulse tube refrig-erator has been built. The thermally coupled arrangement was expected to minimize the interference between the two stages and to simplify the adjustment and optimization of the phase shifters. A no-load cooling temperature of 14.97 K has been realized with the two-stage cooler driven by one linear compressor of 200 W electric input. When the two stages are driven by two compressors respectively, with total electric input of 400 W, the prototype has attained a no-load cooling temperature of 12.96 K, which is the lowest temperature ever reported with two-stage Stirling-type pulse tube refrigera-tors.

关键词：电冰箱交流换热器脉冲管制冷设备

Creating the perfect plasmonic wave

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第9期11卷 1948-1949页

作者： Günter Steinmeyer Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy BerlinGermany Institute of Physics Humboldt UniversityBerlinGermany

Exploiting a plasmonic resonance,near-perfect grating structures have been reported,with a regularity that exceeds typical commercially available diffraction gratings.

关键词： perfect regularity plasmon

Effect of additives on mercury partitioning in wet-limestone flue-gas desulfurization

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Clean Energy 2020年第2期4卷 132-141页

作者： Ida Masoomi Barna Heidel Marc Oliver Schmid gunter Scheffknecht Institute of Combustion and Power Plant Technology—IFK Department Fuels and Flue Gas CleaningUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 23D-70569 StuttgartGermany Faculty Building service EnergyEnvironmentHochschule EsslingenUniversity of Applied ScienceFlandernstraße 101D-73732 EsslingenGermany

The wet-flue-gas desulfurization(FGD)process plays an important role in removing water-soluble flue-gas components such as sulphur dioxide(SO_(2))and oxidized mercury *** the reducing environment of the FGD,there is the possibility of re-emission of the already absorbed mercury(Hg)to the gas phase,which may be diminished by the utilization of specific *** this study,the effect of two different additives on Hg re-emission from the aqueous phase and Hg partitioning in gypsum and filtrate of a lab-scale wet-limestone FGD is ***,the behaviour of additives in the presence of different halides is *** studied additives are TMT 15■as a sulphidic precipitating agent,which forms non-soluble mercury compounds,and activated lignite(AL)as a carbon-based sorbent,which adsorbs Hg compounds from the aqueous *** 15■has no significant effect on SO_(2) absorption;on the other hand,addition of AL improves the SO_(2)-removal efficiency by up to 30%.Using both additives,Hg re-emission is suppressed in all the experimented cases except for AL in the absence of halides,in which Hg re-emission shows no ***,the need to form nucleophilic oxidized mercury compounds in the slurry for the adsorption of oxidized mercury on AL can be *** of both additives improves Hg retention in the slurry to different *** is shown that,for the additive-free slurries,the Hg-adsorption capacity of the solid fraction of the slurry is the limiting ***,the utilization of both additives results in a significant increase in the Hg concentration of solid *** correlation between redox potential and partitioning of Hg in the slurry is presented by comparing the change in the redox potential of slurries when additives are used.

关键词： fossil energy flue-gas cleaning flue-gas desulfurization mercury additives

Cool-season annual pastures with clovers to supplement wintering beef cows nursing calves

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第4期3卷 221-226页

作者： Stacey A gunter Whitney A Whitworth T Gregory Montgomery Paul A Beck United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Southern Plains Range Research Station University of Arkansas at Monticello Division of Agriculture Southeast Research & Extension Center University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Southwest Research & Extension Center University of Arkansas

In December of 3 years, 87 beef cows with nursing calves （.594 ± 9.8 kg; calving season, September to November） at side were stratified by body condition score, body weight, cow age, and calf gender and divided randomly into 6 groups assigned to 1 of 6 cool-season annual pastures （0.45 ha/cow） that had been interseeded into a dormant common bermudagrass （Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.）/bahiagrass （Paspalum notatum Flugge） sod. Pastures contained 1 of the following 3 seeding mixtures （2 pastures/mixture）： 1） wheat （Triticum aestivurn L.） and ryegrass （Lofium multiflorum Lain., WRG）, 2） wheat and ryegrass plus red clover （Trifolium pretense L, WRR）, or 3） wheat and ryegrass plus white （Trifofium repens L.） and crimson clovers （Trifolium incarnatum L., WRW）. All groups had ad libitum access to grass hay （12% crude protein; 58% total digestible nutrients）. The second week in December, cow estrous cycles were synchronized and artificially inseminated. In late December, a bull was placed with each group for 60-d. Data were analyzed with an analysis of variance using a mixed model containing treatment as the fixed effect and year as the random effect. Body weight and condition scores did not differ （P ≥ 0.27） among cows between February and June. Calf birth weights or average daily gain did not differ （P≥ 0.17） among treatments; however, calves grazing pastures with clovers did tend （P= 0.06） to weigh more than calves grazing grass only. Weaning weight per cow exposed to a bull was greater （P= 0.02） for WRR and WRW than WRG. Cows grazing winter-annual pastures containing clovers tended to wean more calf body weight per cow exposed to a bull than cows grazing the grass only pastures.

关键词： Annual ryegrass Beef cows Clovers Nitrogen Pasture 1

Dysregulation of iron and copper homeostasis in nonalcoholic fatty liver

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第2期7卷 177-188页

作者： Elmar Aigner gunter Weiss Christian Datz Obesity Research Unit Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg5020 Salzburg Austria First Department of Medicine Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg5020 Salzburg Austria Department of Internal Medicine VI Medical University Innsbruck6020 Innsbruck Austria Department of Internal Medicine General Hospital Oberndorf5111 Oberndorf Austria

Elevated iron stores as indicated by hyperferritinemiawith normal or mildly elevated transferrin saturation a n d m o s t l y m i l d h e p a t i c i r o n d e p o s i t i o n a r e a characteristic finding in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Excess iron is observed in approximately one third of NAFLD patients and is commonly referred to as the "dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome". Clinical evidence suggests that elevated body iron stores aggravate the clinical course of NAFLD with regard to liver-related and extrahepatic disease complications which relates to the fact that excess iron catalyses the formation of toxic hydroxylradicals subsequently resulting in cellular damage. Iron removal improves insulin sensitivity, delays the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus, improves pathologic liver function tests and likewise ameliorates NAFLD histology. Several mechanisms contribute to pathologic iron accumulation in NAFLD. These include impaired iron export from hepatocytes and mesenchymal Kupffer cells as a consequence of imbalances in the concentrations of iron regulatory factors, such as hepcidin, cytokines, copper or other dietary factors. This review summarizes the knowledge about iron homeostasis in NAFLD and the rationale for its therapeutic implications.

关键词： Dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome Hepcidin Iron overload Metabolic syndrome Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis