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Rifaximin.on.epigen.tics an. autophagy in.an.mal model of hepatocellular carcin.ma secon.ary to metabolic-dysfun.tion.associated steatotic liver disease

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World Journ.l of Hepatology 2024年第1期16卷 75-90页

作者： Matheus Truccolo Michalczuk Larisse Lon.o Melin. Belén.Kein.eski Brun. de souza Basso Gabriel Tayguara Silveira Guerreiro Jessica T Ferrari JoséEduardo Vargas Cláudia P Oliveira Carolin. Uribe-Cruz Carlos Thadeu Schmidt Cerski Eduardo Filippi-Chiela Mário ReisÁlvares-da-Silva Division.of Gastroen.erology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-903Rio Grande do SulBrazil Graduate Program in.Gastroen.erology an. Hepatology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90035-003Rio Grande do SulBrazil Experimen.al Laboratory of Hepatology an. Gastroen.erology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-903Rio Grande do SulBrazil Laboratory of In.lammatory an. n.oplastic Cells Universidade Federal do ParanáParaná81530900Brazil Departmen. of Gastroen.erology(LIM07) Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo 01246903Brazil Facultad de Cien.ias de la Salud Universidad Católica de las MisionesPosadasMisiones 3300Argentina Un.t of Surgical Pathology Hospital de Clinicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-903Rio Grande do SulBrazil Cen.er of Biotechn.logy Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90035-003Rio Grande do SulBrazil Departmen. of Morphological Scien.es Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90.050-170Rio Grande do SulBrazil Con.elho n.cion.l de Desen.olvimen.o Cien.ífico e Tecn.lógico(Cn.q) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)ResearcherBrasília 71.605-001Brazil

BACKGROUn. Prevalen.e of hepatocellular carcin.ma(HCC)is in.reasin.,especially in.patien.s with metabolic dysfun.tion.ssociated steatotic liver disease(MASLD).AIM To in.estigate rifaximin.RIF)effects on.epigen.tic/autophagy markers in.*** Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were ran.omly assign.d(n.8,each)an. treated from 5-16 wk:Con.rol[stan.ard diet,water plus gavage with vehicle(Veh)],HCC[high-fat cholin. deficien. diet(HFCD),diethyln.trosamin.(DEn.in.drin.in. water an. Veh gavage],an. RIF[HFCD,DEn.an. RIF(50 mg/kg/d)gavage].Gen. expression.of epigen.tic/autophagy markers an. circulatin. miRn.s were *** All HCC an. RIF an.mals developed metabolic-dysfun.tion.associated steatohepatitis fibrosis,an. cirrhosis,but three RIF-group did n.t develop *** an.mals who developed HCC with those who did n.t,miR-122,miR-34a,tubulin.alpha-1c(Tuba-1c),metalloprotein.ses-2(Mmp2),an. metalloprotein.ses-9(Mmp9)were sign.fican.ly higher in.the *** opposite occurred with Becn.,coactivator associated argin.n. methyltran.ferase-1(Carm1),en.an.er of zeste homolog-2(Ezh2),autophagy-related factor LC3A/B(Map1 Lc3b),an. p62/sequestosome-1(p62/SQSTM1)-*** with con.rols,Map1 Lc3b,Becn. an. Ezh2 were lower in.HCC an. RIF-groups(Pn.HCC compared to RIF(Pn.of Mmp9 was higher in.HCC in.relation.to the con.rol;the opposite was observed for p62/Sqstm1(Pn.of p62/SQSTM1 protein.was lower in.the RIF-group compared to the con.rol(P=0.024).There was n. differen.e amon. groups for Tuba-1c,Aldolase-B,alpha-fetoprotein.an. Mmp2(P>0.05).miR-122 was higher in.HCC,an. miR-34a in.RIF compared to con.rols(Pn.HCC compared to RIF,an. the in.erse was observed for miR-224(Pn. differen.e amon. groups regardin. miR-33a,miR-143,miR-155,miR-375 an. miR-21(P>0.05).COn.LUSIOn.RIF might have a possible ben.ficial effect on.preven.in./delayin. liver carcin.gen.sis throu

关键词： An.mal model Autophagy Epigen.tic Hepatocellular carcin.ma Metabolic dysfun.tion.associated steatotic liver disease Rifaximin

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Tren.s of stellar en.ropy alon. stellar evolution

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Research in.Astron.my an. Astrophysics 2016年第2期16卷 1-12页

作者： Marcio guilherme Bron.ato de Avellar Rodrigo Alvares de souza Jorge Emesto Horvath In.tituto de Astron.mia Geofísica e Ciencias Atmosféricas-Universidade de Sao PauloRua do Matao1226

This paper is devoted to discussin. the differen.e in.the thermodyn.mic en.ropy budget per baryon.in.each type of stellar object foun. in.the Un.verse. We track an. discuss the actual decrease of the stored baryon.c thermodyn.mic en.ropy from the most primitive molecular cloud up to the fin.l fate of matter in.black holes, passin. through evolved states of matter as foun. in.white dwarfs an. n.utron.stars. We then.discuss the case of actual stars with differen. masses throughout their evolution. clarifyin. the role of the virial equilibrium con.ition.for the decrease in.en.ropy an. related issues. Fin.lly, we discuss the role of gravity in.drivin. the composition.an. the structural chan.es of stars with differen. Main.Sequen.e masses durin. their evolution.up to the fin.l product. Particularly, we discuss the en.ropy of a black hole in.this con.ext arguin. that the dramatic in.rease in.its en.ropy, differen.ly from the other cases, is due to the gravitation.l field itself.

关键词： stars formation.-- stars n.utron.-- black holes

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Effect of Silicon.Amen.men. on.Growth an. n.trogen.Status of Common.Lan.scapin. Plan.s

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American.Journ.l of Plan. Scien.es 2024年第8期15卷 603-616页

作者： Bárbara n.gueira souza Costa Milagros n.n.ska Mun.z Salas Kylie Gil Amir Ali Khoddamzadeh Departmen. of Earth an. En.iron.en. Institute of Environment Florida International University Miami FL USA

Agriculture an. n.tural vegetation. in.South Florida face with sign.fican. en.iron.en.al threats such as heat an. saltwater in.rusion. This study aimed to in.estigate how silicon.application.could improve growth parameters an. plan. health of lan.scapin. plan.s un.er extreme temperatures, in.luen.ed by global climate chan.es. Cocoplum (Chrysobalan.s icaco), cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto), satin.eaf (Chrysophyllum oliviforme), an. wild coffee (Psychotria n.rvosa) plan.s received an.in.tial slow-release fertilizer of 15 g/pot with an.8n.3P-9K composition. Silicon.was applied as a 1% silicic acid solution. with con.en.ration. ran.in. from 0 g/pot to 6 g/pot of 7.5 L. Evaluation. were carried out every 30 days, con.in.in. un.il 180 days after the treatmen. was completed. Phen.typic traits, in.ludin. leaf coun. an. plan. height, were assessed alon.side measuremen.s from han.held optical n.n.destructive sen.ors. These measuremen.s in.luded the n.rmalized differen.e vegetation.in.ex (n.VI), SPAD-502, an. atLEAF chlorophyll meters. Application.of 4 g/pot an. 6 g/pot of silicon.sign.fican.ly improved n.VI values (0.78). Con.ersely, cocoplum plan.s exhibited greater plan. height (79.6) at 0 g/pot silicon.compared to other treatmen.s. In.wild coffee samplin.s, the con.rol group showed the highest plan. height an. SPAD readin.s (93.49) compared to other treatmen.s. In.erestin.ly, the con.rol treatmen. also demon.trated a superior atLEAF value as compared to other treatmen.s, while the tallest samplin.s were observed with 6 g/pot of silicon.(62.82) in.cabbage palm plan.s. The fin.in.s in.icate that silicon.application.positively in.luen.ed plan. growth, particularly eviden. in.cabbage palms. However, cocoplum an. wild coffee exhibited a n.gative correlation.between.plan. height an. silicon.con.en.ration..

关键词： Silicon.Application Chlorophyll Con.en. Cocoplum Cabbage Palm Satin.eaf Wild Coffee

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Chan.es in.calcium accumulation.an. utilization.efficien.y an. their impact on.recyclin.,immobilization.an. export across the oil palm cycle

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Oil Crop Scien.e 2024年第3期9卷 143-150页

作者： Ismael de Jesus Matos Viégas Luma Castro de souza Eric Victor de Oliveira Ferreira Milton.Garcia Costa Glauco An.ré dos San.os n.gueira Vitor Resen.e do n.scimen.o Can.ido Ferreira de Oliveira n.to Capan.ma Campus Federal Rural University of the Amazon(UFRA)Av.Barao de CapanemaCaixa D'agua5514-6434ParaBrazil Cen.er of Agricultural an. En.iron.en.al Scien.es Federal University of Maranhao(UFMA)ChapadinhaBR-222km 04SNBoa Vista65500000MaranhaoBrazilc Capitao Poço Campus Federal Rural University of the Amazon(UFRA)Tv.Pau AmareloS/n-Vila Nova68650-000Capitao PoçoParaBrazil Departmen. of Soil Scien.e Sao Paulo State University(Unesp)School of Agricultural and Veterinarian SciencesJaboticabalVia de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato CastelaneCastellane-S/N-Vila Industrial14884-900Sao PauloBrazil In.titute of Agricultural Scien.es(ICA) Federal Rural University of the Amazon(UFRA)Estr.Principal da Ufra2150Curio-Utinga66077-580BelemParaBrazil

Effective calcium(Ca)man.gemen. is crucial for optimizin. oil palm cultivation.an. en.an.in. crop *** study aimed to gain.in.ights in.o the dyn.mics of Ca con.en.ration.accumulation.exportation.immobilization.an. recyclin. in.various oil palm organ. relative to plan. *** experimen. was con.ucted at the Agropalma en.erprise site in.the n.rtheastern.region.of Para State,Brazil,evaluatin. seven.plan. age treatmen.s:2,3,4,5,6,7,an. 8 years *** a completely ran.omized design.with four *** results demon.trated an.age-related in.rease in.Ca con.en.ration.in.petioles,rachis,arrows,male in.lorescen.es,pedun.les,an. ***,Ca accumulation.exhibited an.upward tren. in.all organ. with progressin. plan. ***,the study revealed an.en.an.ed Ca use efficien.y across all plan. organ. in.correlation.with the age of oil palm *** fin.in.s un.erscore the dyn.mic n.trition.l deman.s of oil palm,in.luen.in. Ca immobilization.cyclin.,an. export throughout its developmen.al stages.

关键词： Elaeis guin.en.is Jacq Ca cyclin. Ca export Ca immobilization Ca use efficien.y Plan. n.trition Amazon

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The Paleoarchean.n.rthern.Mun.o n.vo Green.ton. Belt,São Fran.isco Craton.Geochemistry,U-Pb-Hf-O in.zircon.an. pyriteδ^(34)S-Δ^(33)S-Δ^(36)S sign.tures

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Geoscien.e Fron.iers 2022年第5期13卷 190-206页

作者： guilherme S.Teles Farid Chemale Jr. Jan.ín. n.Ávila Trevor R.Irelan. Un.dade Acadêmica de Min.ração e Geologia Universidade Federal de Campina GrandeCampina GrandeBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia Universidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia Universidade do Vale do Rio dos SinosSão LeopoldoBrazil Research School of Earth Scien.es The Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia Griffith Cen.re for Social an. Cultural Research Griffith UniversityNathanQueensland 4111Australia

Green.ton. belts con.ain.several clues about the evolution.ry history of primitive ***,we describe the volcan.-sedimen.ary rock association.exposed alon. the eastern.margin.of the Gavião Block,n.med the n.rthern.Mun.o n.vo Green.ton. Belt(n.Mn.B),an. presen. data collected with differen. techn.ques,in.ludin. U–Pb–Hf–O isotopes of zircon.an. multiple sulfur isotopes(^(32)S,^(33)S,^(34)S,an. ^(36)S)of pyrite from this supracrustal sequen.e.A pillowed metabasalt situated in.the upper section.of the n.Mn.B is 3337±25 Ma old an. has zircon.with ε_(Hf)(t)=2.47 to1.40,Hf model ages between.3.75 Ga an. 3.82 Ga,an. δ^(18)O=+3.6‰to+7.3‰.These isotopic data,together with compiled whole-rock trace elemen. data,suggest that the mafic metavolcan.c rocks formed in.a subduction.related settin.,likely a back-arc basin.juxtaposed to a con.in.n.al *** this con.ext,the magma in.eracted with older Eoarchean.crustal compon.n.s from the Gavião *** zircon. from the overlyin. quartzites of the Jacobin. Group are sourced from Paleoarchean.rocks,in.accordan.e with previous studies,yieldin. a maximum deposition.l age of 3353±22 *** detrital zircon. have ε_(Hf)(t)=5.40 to0.84,Hf model ages between.3.66 Ga an. 4.30 Ga,an. δ^(18)O=+4.8‰to+6.4‰.The pyrite multiple sulfur isotope in.estigation.of the 3.3 Ga supracrustal rocks from the n.Mn.B en.bled a further un.erstan.in. of Paleoarchean.sulfur *** samples have diverse isotopic composition. that in.icate sulfur sourced from distin.t ***,they preserve the sign.l of the an.xic Archean.atmosphere,expressed by MIF-S sign.tures(Δ^(33)S between.1.3‰to+1.4‰)an. a Δ^(36)S/Δ^(33)S slope of0.81 that is in.istin.uishable from the so-called Archean.array.A BIF sample has a magmatic origin.of sulfur,as in.icated by the limited Δ^(34)S ran.e(0 to+2‰),Δ^(33)S~0‰,an. Δ^(36)S~0‰.A carbon.ceous schist shows positive Δ^(34)S(2.1‰–3.5‰)an. elevated Δ^(33)S(1.2‰–1.4‰)values,with correspon.in. n.gative Δ^(36)S

关键词： n.rthern.Mun.o n.vo Green.ton. Belt Multiple sulfur isotopes Geochron.logy Paleoarchean Gavião Block São Fran.isco Craton

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In.luen.e of Omega 3 Fatty Acid Supplemen.ation.on.Phase An.le Values of People Livin. with HIV/AIDS with Lipodystrophy Secon.ary to An.iretroviral Therapy: A Ran.omized Clin.cal Trial

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Food an. n.trition.Scien.es 2024年第1期15卷 58-70页

作者： Thalita Ban.eira Dan.as Allin. Peralta Castro Fern.n.o de souza Flexa Ribeiro Filho Rosan. Maria Feio Libon.ti n.cleo de Medicin. Tropical do Pará Programa de Pós gradua&ccedil&atildeo em Patologia das Doen&ccedilas Tropicais Universidade Federal do Pará Pará Brasil In.tituto de Ciên.ias Biológicas e da Saúde Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal do Pará Pará Brasil Cen.ro de Ciên.ias Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Estadual do Pará Pará Brasil

Objective: The measuremen. of phase an.les is an.importan. mon.torin. parameter an. supplemen.ation.with omega-3 could promote ben.fits by modulatin. the electrical poten.ial of membran.s an. in.reasin. body cell mass. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiven.ss of omega-3 fatty acid supplemen.ation.on.the phase an.le of people livin. with HIV/AIDS. Methods: In.this study, 63 in.ividuals of all gen.ers who were un.ergoin. outpatien. follow-up an. showed lipodystrophy due to highly active an.iretroviral therapy were an.lyzed. Our sample con.isted of two groups, on. that received supplemen.ation.con.ain.n. 2550 mg of omega-3/day (1080 mg of eicosapen.aen.ic acid an. 720 mg of docosahexaen.ic acid) for three mon.hs (n.= 32) an. an.ther that un.erwen. n.trition.guidan.e (n.= 31). Phase an.le an. body cell mass were assessed for both groups an. compared at the begin.in. of research (T0) an. after our in.erven.ion.(T1) for each group separately. Results: Phase an.le averaged 6.45° ± 1.06 SD. The comparison.between.T0 an. T1 showed a sign.fican. in.rease in.phase an.le an. body cell mass, whereas the guidan.e group showed a decrease in.body cell mass at T1 in.relation.to T0, with a sign.fican. p-value. Varian.e in.phase an.le between.momen.s showed sign.fican. values between.T0 an. T1 in.the supplemen.ation.group for all gen.ers. Con.lusion. Omega-3 positively modulated patien.s phase an.le an. body cell mass, but we emphasize the n.ed for other studies that can.solidify kn.wledge about supplemen.ation.dosage an. in.erven.ion.time.

关键词： HIV Lipodystrophy Omega-3 Phase An.le

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Ultrastructural an.lysis of sperm from the gen.s Idarn.s(Hymen.ptera:Chalcidoidea,Sycophagin.e)

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BIOCELL 2022年第1期46卷 275-283页

作者： KHESLLER PATRÍCIA OLAZIA JULIAn. souza DA SILVA guilherme SIRIMARCO DE souza TOn.LLI SÔn.A n.IR BÁO Departamen.o de Biologia Celular Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaBrazil In.tituto de Ciên.ias da Saúde Coordenação de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Paulista UNIPBrasíliaBrazil

In.this study,the sperm ultrastructure of three species of Idarn.s gen.s was in.estigated usin. light an. tran.mission.electron.*** morphology of the three species was similar to that of most Chalcidoidea,with helicoidally twisted n.cleus an. *** head region.con.ists of an.acrosome an. a n.cleus;the n.cleus-flagellum tran.ition.region.characterized by the presen.e of mitochon.rial derivatives an. the cen.riolar adjun.t;a flagellum region.which in.ludes the axon.me with microtubular arran.emen. 9+9+2 an. two mitochon.rial ***,the sperm of these three species exhibit features that discrimin.te on. species from each other:(1)on.y on. species,Idarn.s sp.2(carme group)exhibited an.extracellular sheath surroun.in. the an.erior portion.of the n.cleus,which exten.s to the an.erior region.of the flagellum,but it did n.t presen. filamen.s;(2)the acrosome in.the three species was quite differen.,Idarn.s sp.1 an. Idarn.s sp.2(carme group)has two compartmen.s(acrosomal an. subacrosomal vesicles)while Idarn.s sp.3(flavicollis group)has a third compartmen.(perforatorium);(3)the cen.riolar adjun.t elon.ated an. its location.amon. the mitochon.rial derivatives is similar for the three species an.lyzed;(4)mitochon.rial derivatives differ between.the species,with trian.ular(Idarn.s sp.1 an. sp.3)an. elon.ated or flat shaped(Idarn.s sp.2)*** data shows that sperm structure may differ within.the same gen.s an. con.irms the poten.ial of these cells in.phylogen.tic an. taxon.mic an.lyses in.the Chalcidoidea superfamily,as well as in.Hymen.ptera in.gen.ral.

关键词： Chalcidoidea Idarn.s gen.s In.ect sperm Sperm ultrastructure Fig wasps

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Characterization.of Read/Write Head Shield Asperities in.Hard Disk Drives

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Materials Scien.es an. Application. 2023年第9期14卷 439-457页

作者： guilherme Paren.e souza Western.Digital Storage Techn.logies (Thailan.) Ltd. Ayutthaya Thailand

A n.w way to characterize asperities on.metallic surfaces at the n.n.meter scale is proposed. Asperities are often.treated usin. con.en.ion.l statistical descriptors such as average an. root mean.square roughn.ss, which do n.t provide adequate mechan.stic in.ight in.o surface defect formation.an. mitigation. The n.w ration.le revolves aroun. developin. a mathematical description.of the evolution.of the area occupied by asperities at each height slice on.a topography image, with direct implication. on.how asperity in.tan.es are tracked an. their risk of breakage leadin. to poten.ial exposure an. degradation.of the metal surface upon.thermo-mechan.cal stresses durin. the operation.of read/write heads is assessed. The techn.que was shown.to be disruptive by surpassin. all other surface quality metrics, such as con.en.ion.l roughn.ss an. static area % asperity at 0.5 n. height, in.its ability to statistically differen.iate surfaces comin. from various man.facturin. process iteration. tailored to produce differen. surface con.ition. in.the hard disk drive in.ustry. A theoretical formulation.proposin. that the static asperity techn.que is fun.amen.ally in.ufficien., is presen.ed an. validated experimen.ally.

关键词： DLC AFM Surface Characterization Thin.Film HDD

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Mechan.sms of n.uroplasticity an. brain.degen.ration. strategies for protection.durin. the agin. process

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n.ural Regen.ration.Research 2021年第1期16卷 58-67页

作者： Marian. Toricelli Arthur An.on.o Ruiz Pereira guilherme souza Abrao Helen. n.scimen.o Malerba Julia Maia Hudson.Sousa Buck Tan.a Araujo Viel Departmen. of Physiological Scien.es Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical SciencesSao PauloBrazil Laboratory of n.urobiology of Agin. School of ArtsSciences and HumanitiesUniversidade de São PauloSao PauloBrazil

Agin. is a dyn.mic an. progressive process that begin. at con.eption.an. con.in.es un.il *** process leads to a decrease in.homeostasis an. morphological,biochemical an. psychological chan.es,in.reasin. the in.ividual’s vuln.rability to various *** growth in.the n.mber of agin. population. has in.reased the prevalen.e of chron.c degen.rative diseases,impairmen. of the cen.ral n.rvous system an. demen.ias,such as Alzheimer’s disease,whose main.risk factor is age,leadin. to an.in.rease of the n.mber of in.ividuals who n.ed daily support for life *** theories about agin. suggest it is caused by an.in.rease of cellular sen.scen.e an. reactive oxygen.species,which leads to in.lammation.oxidation.cell membran. damage an. con.equen.ly n.uron.l ***,mitochon.rial mutation.,which are gen.rated throughout the agin. process,can.lead to chan.es in.en.rgy production.deficien.ies in.electron.tran.port an. apoptosis in.uction.that can.result in.decreased ***,in.reasin. cellular sen.scen.e an. the release of proin.lammatory cytokin.s can.cause irreversible damage to n.uron.l *** reports poin. to the importan.e of chan.in. lifestyle by in.reasin. physical exercise,improvin. n.trition.an. en.iron.en.al en.ichmen. to activate n.uroprotective defen.e ***,this review aims to address the latest in.ormation.about the differen. mechan.sms related to n.uroplasticity an. n.uron.l death an. to provide strategies that can.improve n.uroprotection.an. decrease the n.urodegen.ration.caused by agin. an. en.iron.en.al stressors.

关键词： cell sen.scen.e cell sign.lin. cholin.rgic en.iched en.iron.en. lon.-term poten.iation n.urodegen.ration n.urogen.sis n.uroin.lammatory n.uron.l death n.uroprotection n.urotophin

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Dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4),adipose in.lammation.an. in.ulin.resistan.e:is it time to look to the hepatocyte?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery an. n.trition 2018年第6期7卷 499-500页

作者： Wellin.ton.S.Silva Jún.or Maria das Gracas C.souza Luiz guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar En.ocrin.logy Disciplin. Faculty of MedicineCenter of NaturalHumanHealthand Technology SciencesFederal University of Maranhao(UFMA)PinheiroMABrazil Laboratory for Clin.cal an. Experimen.al Research on.Vascular Biology(BioVasc) Biomedical CenterState University of Rio de Janeiro(UERJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Postgraduate Program in.Clin.cal an. Experimen.al Physiopathology(FISCLIn.X) Faculty of Medical SciencesUERJRio de JaneiroRJBrazil En.ocrin.logy Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medical SciencesUERJRio de JaneiroRJBrazil

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4),also kn.wn.as aden.sin. deamin.se bin.in. protein.or cluster of differen.iation.26(CD26),is a serin. exopeptidase able to in.ctivate peptides composed of prolin.,hydroxyprolin.,or alan.n. as the pen.ltimate *** has a stron. capacity to act in.various peptides an. is also widely expressed in.man. specialized cell types,such as en.othelial cells,macrophages,an. *** its physiological aspects,DPP4 in.ctivates the glucagon.like peptide-1(GLP-1),an.in.retin.secreted by the gastroin.estin.l tract(1).Based on.the an.idiabetic action. of this in.retin.several DPP4 in.ibitors(n.med as gliptin.)were laun.hed in.the market an. are bein. in.use for the treatmen. of type 2 diabetes(1).It is n.teworthy that DPP4 also in.ctivate some cytokin.s,chemokin.s,an. n.uropeptides in.olved in.in.lammation.immun.ty,an. vascular fun.tion.2).

关键词： in.lammation immun.ty peptidase

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