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Investigation of the nutritional and functional roles of a combinational use of xylanase and β-glucanase on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1932-1950页

作者： Hyunjun Choi Yesid Garavito Duarte guilherme a.m.pas.uali Sung Woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University116 Polk HallCampus Box 7621RaleighNC 27695USA BASF SE Ludwigshafen 67056Germany

Background Xylanase andβ-glucanase combination(XG)hydrolyzes soluble non-starch polysaccharides that are anti-nutritional *** study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of XG on intestinal health and growth performance of nursery *** Forty pigs(6.5±0.4 kg)were assigned to 5 dietary treatments and fed for 35 d in 3 phases(11,9,and 15 d,respectively).Basal diets mainly included corn,soybean meal,and corn distiller's dried grains with solubles,contained phytase(750 FTU/kg),and were supplemented with 5 levels of XG at(1)0,(2)280 TXU/kg xylanase and 125 TGU/kgβ-glucanase,(3)560 and 250,(4)840 and 375,or(5)1,120 and 500,*** performance was *** d 35,all pigs were euthanized and jejunal mucosa,jejunal digesta,jejunal tissues,and ileal digesta were collected to determine the effects of increasing XG levels and XG intake on intestinal *** Increasing XG intake tended to quadratically decrease(P=0.059)viscosity of jejunal digesta(min:1.74 m Pa·s at 751/335(TXU/TGU)/kg).Increasing levels of XG quadratically decreased(Pmin:0.6%at 630/281(TXU/TGU)/kg)in the jejunal *** XG intake quadratically increased(Pmax:40.3%at 608/271(TXU/TGU)/kg)in the jejunal *** XG intake quadratically decreased(Pmin:1.6%at 560/250(TXU/TGU)/kg)in the jejunal *** levels of XG tended to linearly decrease(P=0.073)jejunal Ig G and tended to quadratically increase(P=0.085)jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio(max:2.62 at 560/250(TXU/TGU)/kg).Increasing XG intake tended to linearly increase the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter(P=0.087)and ether extract(P=0.065).Increasing XG intake linearly increased(Pmbinational use of xylanase andβ-glucanase would hydrolyze the non-starch polysaccharides fractions,positively modulating the jejunal mucosa-associated *** intake of

关键词： Glucanase Growth performance Intestinal health Nursery pigs Xylanase

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Anomalies in the short-range local environment and atomic diffusion in single crystalline equiatomic CrmnFeCoNi highentropy alloy

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5336-5348页

作者： Alevtina Smekhova Daniel Gaertner Alexei Kuzmin Ana guilherme Buzanich Goetz Schuck Ivo Zizak Gerhard Wilde Kirill V.Yusenko Sergiy Divinski Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für materialien und Energie(HZB) D-12489 BerlinGermany Institute of materials Physics University of MünsterD-48149 MünsterGermany Institute of Solid State Physics University of LatviaLV-1063 RigaLatvia Bundesanstalt für materialforschung und–prüfung(BAm) D-12489 BerlinGermany

multi-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS)spectroscopy combined with reverse monte Carlo(RmC)simulations was used to probe the details of element-specific local coordinations and component-dependent structure relaxations in single crystalline equiatomic CrmnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy as a function of the annealing *** representative states,namely a high-temperature state,created by annealing at 1373 K,and a low-temperature state,produced by long-term annealing at 993 K,were compared in *** features identified in atomic configurations of particular principal components indicate variations in the local environment distortions connected to different degrees of compositional disorder at the chosen representative *** detected changes provide new atomistic insights and correlate with the existence of kinks previously observed in the Arrhenius dependencies of component diffusion rates in the CrmnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy.

关键词： high-entropy alloys diffusion short-range order extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS) reverse monte Carlo

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Adsorption of yttrium(Y^(3+)) and concentration of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum using chitin and chitin aerogel

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 775-782页

作者： Glaydson S.dos Reis Diana Pinto Sabrina F.Lütke Eder C.Lima Luis F.O.Silva Irineu A.S.De Brum guilherme L.Dotto Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology Biomass Technology Centre Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeaE13Swedn Universidad De La Costa Calle 58#55-66080002BarranquillaAtlanticoColombia Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering(ENGEPAC) Federal University of Santa MariaAv.Roraima100079705900Santa MariaRSBrazil Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul90040060Porto AlegreBrazil

Chitin powder and chitin-aerogel were prepared from shrimp wastes and used to uptake Y^(3+)from aqueous solutions and concentrate this rare earth element from phosphogypsum(PG).Chitin aerogel displays a specific surface area of 945 m^(2)/g,while chitin powder is 3.6 m^(2)/g,which largely influences its adsorption *** the adsorption in synthetic solutions,the effect of pH on Y^(3+)removal is strong for chitin powder *** contrast,no big pH influence was detected for chitin *** interactions and chelation can highlight the proposed mechanism of Y^(3+)on chitin adsorbents for the powder and ***,in addition to these interactions,pore filling/pore diffusion is the main mechanism of Y^(3+)removal in the chitin *** aerogel is efficient in concentrating 8 times the Y^(3+)from PG,a very complex *** complex chitin aerogel-Y^(3+)can be a secondary source of rare earth elements for other applications.

关键词： Rare earths Sustainable material Chitin powder Chitin porous aerogel Yttrium adsorption and recovery

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Human leukocyte antigen compatibility and incidence of donorspecific antibodies in pediatric liver transplant recipients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第33期30卷 3837-3845页

作者： melina U melere Flavia H Feier Jorge Neumann Antônio N Kalil Juliana de m montagner Luiza S Nader Carolina S da Silva marco Aurélio F Junior Gabriela P Coral guilherme P Bobsin Cristina T Ferreira Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Santa Casa de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050170Rio Grande do SulBrazil Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90020-090Rio Grande do SulBrazil Postgraduation Program in medicine:Hepatology Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Rio Grande do SulBrazil Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90020-090Rio Grande do SulBrazil

BACKGROUND Antibody-mediated rejection following liver transplantation(LT)has been increasingly recognized,particularly with respect to the emergence of de novo donor-specific antibodies(DSAs)and their impact on graft *** substantial evidence for adult populations exists,research focusing on pediatric LT outcomes remains *** To investigate the prevalence of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)mismatches and DSA and evaluate their association with rejection episodes after pediatric *** A cohort of pediatric LT recipients underwent HLA testing at Santa Casa de Porto Alegre,Brazil,between December 2013 and December *** patients who survived for>30 days after LT with at least one DSA analysis were *** classes I and II and cross-matches were *** presence of de novo DSA(dnDSA)was evaluated at least 3 months after LT using the Luminex®single antigen bead method,with a positive reaction threshold set at 1000 *** episodes were confirmed by liver *** Overall,67 transplanted children were analyzed;61 received grafts from living donors,85%of whom were related to ***-transplant DSA(class I or II)was detected in 28.3%of patients,and dnDSA was detected in 48.4%.The median time to DSA detection after LT was 19.7[interquartile range(IQR):4.3-35.6]*** rejection occurred in 13 patients at follow-up,with C4d positivity observed in 5/13 Liver *** median time to rejection was 7.8(IQR:5.7-12.8)*** presence of dnDSA was significantly associated with rejection(36%vs 3%,Pmonths were 76%vs 100%and 58%vs 95%for patients with dnDSA anti-DQ vs those without,*** Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating DSA assessment into pre-and post-transplantation protocols for pediatric LT *** implications may include immunosuppression minimization strategies based on this analysis in pediatric LT recip

关键词： Human leukocyte antigens Donor-specific antibodies Liver transplantation Pediatric Rejection

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Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative medicine Effects of Capybara Oil on Cardiac Remodeling of C57bl/6 mice

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2024年第5期12卷 213-232页

作者： Rafael m. Almeida Wagner D. Giannetti guilherme R. Silveira Carolina R. Castilho Renata V. Lisboa Bianca T. Ciambarella Rodrigo N. Ferreira Jorge José de Carvalho Laboratory of Ultrastructure and Tissue Biology Institute of Biology State University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Higher Education Center of Valenç a Dom Andr&#233 Arcoverde Educational Foundation Valen&#231a Brazil

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, and obesity and the metabolic syndrome are risk factors for its development. One of the therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk is the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In Brazil, a source of such acid is the oil extracted from the fat of the capybara. The objective of this work is to study the effects of the capybara oil on lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as its effects on the adipose tissue and cardiac remodeling. We assessed the effects of capybara oil treatment on body mass, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, systolic blood pressure, adipose tissue and cardiac remodeling, and performed an ultrastructural evaluation of the myocardium in C57Bl/6 mice treated with high-fat diet. Treatment with capybara oil reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, systolic blood pressure, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and adipocyte diameter. In addition, cardiac remodeling was attenuated, preserving cardiomyocytes, increasing vascularization, reducing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the extracellular matrix, and preserving the morphological integrity of mitochondria. Capybara oil has several beneficial effects on the cardiovascular and metabolic system, and further studies are needed to better understand its role in the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

关键词： Capybara Oil Cardiac Remodeling Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Obesity metabolic Syndrome

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The Use of Secondary Grape Biomass in Beef Cattle Nutrition on Carcass Characteristics, Quality and Shelf Life of meat

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 447-469页

作者： Vitor L. molosse guilherme L. Deolindo Rafael V. P. Lago Bruna Klein Claiton A. Zotti marcelo Vedovato marcylene V. da Silveira Priscila m. Copetti maria R. C. Schetinger Juscivete F. Favero Eliana L. Fiorentin Aleksandro S. da Silva Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) Chapec Brazil Department of Animal Science UDESC Chapec Brazil Department of Animal Science Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina Xanxere Brazil Dean Lee Research and Extension Center Louisiana State University Alexandria LA USA Department of Biochemistry Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil Department of medicina Veterinria UNOCHAPEC Chapec Brasil

We determined whether the inclusion of 100 g/kg dry matter of grape pomace silage (GPS) and grape pomace bran (GPB) as substitutes for other traditional fiber sources in the diet of steers (Charolais x Nellore) would improve carcass characteristics, meat quality and composition, and shelf life. Twenty-four animals (248 ± 19.32 kg of initial body weight) were fed a high concentrate diet for 121 days. Carcass characteristics were measured, and the longissimus dorsi muscle was analyzed for fatty acid (FA) profile and composition. The meat was sliced and stored in air-permeable packages for 10 days. On each sampling day (d 1, 3, 7, and 10), oxidative stability, bacterial load, lipid and protein oxidation, and staining were analyzed. The experimental diets influenced the pH of cold carcasses only. The GPS group had a higher pH than the control. The GPS and GPB groups showed improved oxidant status (i.e., lower lipid peroxidation and concentrations of reactive oxygen species were in the meat of both groups than in control). On the first day of storage, the antioxidant enzyme glutathione S-transferase activity was more significant in the meat of the GPS and GPB groups than in the control. The bacterial loads in the meat were attenuated by GPS inclusion;there were lower total coliform counts and a trend toward lower counts for enterobacteria in the control group. The diets altered the FA profile of the meat;i.e., the GPB diet allowed for a more significant amount of the n-6 omegas in the meat, while the GPS diet showed a tendency for a more significant amount of n-6 and 9 omegas. Both diets (GPS and GPB) increased the amounts of long-chain FAs. The GPS diet decreased saturated FA levels. We conclude that the dietary treatments GPS and GPB are a promising alternative to maintain meat quality standards throughout in real-world retail conditions. These treatments gave rise to an improvement in the nutritional value of the meat due to the more significant amounts of FAs that im

关键词： Animal Nutrition Antioxidant Biomass Grape meat Quality microbiology Residue

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Interferometric measurement of injection nozzles using ultra-small fiber-optical probes

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Chinese Optics Letters 2011年第7期9卷 37-40页

作者： Tilo Pfeifer Robert Schmitt Niels Knig guilherme Francisco mallmann Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology Steinbachstr. 17 52074 Aachen Germany Laboratory for machine Tools and Production Engineering of RWTH Aachen University

The measurement of boreholes with diameters smaller than 500 μm is a demanding task that cannot be performed using state-of-the-art production metrology. In this letter, a miniaturized fiber probe with a diameter of 80μm is presented. A probe is used for low-coherence interferometry to conduct highly precise measurements of form deviations of small boreholes. measurements conducted in nozzles are also presented. The results prove the potential of the fiber-optical sensor for quality inspection of high-precision parts, such as injection nozzles, for common-rail diesel engines.

关键词： Charge coupled devices Fizeau interferometry Low coherence interferometry metrology michelson interferometers Optical fibers

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Interaction between cannabinoid and nucleotide systems as a new mechanism of signaling in retinal cell death

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第12期14卷 2093-2094页

作者： Hércules R. Freitas Ricardo A. m. Reis Ana L. m. Ventura guilherme R. Franca Laboratory of Neurochemistry Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil School of Health Sciences Centro Universitário IBMR Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Laboratory of Neurochemistry Institute of Biology Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói RJ Brazil Biomedical Institute Departament of Physiological Sciences/ Pharmacology Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil

Nervous system emerges from complex signaling interactions where extrinsic (neurotransmitters and trophic factors, among others) and intrinsic factors (transcription factors) interplay in the developing tissue to control gene activity promoting chronic changes in cell genesis, migration, differentiation and death. The retinal microenvironment is regulated by a broad variety of chemicals, including endocannabinoids and nucleotides that modulate embryonic progenitor-neuron-müller glia signaling in very early developing or pathophysiological conditions.

关键词： Interaction nucleotide systems cell death

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Compatibility and stability studies involving polymers used in fused deposition modeling 3D printing of medicines

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2022年第3期12卷 424-435页

作者： Ihatanderson A.Silva Ana Luiza Lima Tais Gratieri guilherme m.Gelfuso Livia L.Sa-Barreto marcilio Cunha-Filho Laboratory of Food Drugand Cosmetics(LTMAC)School of Health SciencesUniversity of Brasilia70910-900BrasíliaDFBrazil Faculty of Ceilandia University of Brasilia(UnB)72220-900BrasíliaDFBrazil

One of the challenges in developing three-dimensional printed medicines is related to their stability due to the manufacturing conditions involving high *** work proposed a new protocol for preformulation studies simulating thermal processing and aging of the printed medicines,tested regarding their morphology and thermal,crystallographic,and spectroscopic ***,despite the strong drug-polymer interactions observed,the chemical stability of the model drugs was preserved under such *** fact,in the metoprolol and Soluplus®composition,the drug's solubilization in the polymer produced a delay in the drug decomposition,suggesting a protective effect of the *** and polyvinyl alcohol mixture,in turn,showed unmistakable signs of thermal instability and chemical decomposition,in addition to physical *** the presented context,establishing protocols that simulate processing and storage conditions may be decisive for obtaining stable pharmaceutical dosage forms using three-dimensional printing technology.

关键词： Three-dimensional printing Preformulation Hot-melt extrusion Thermal analysis Drug-polymer compatibility

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Diagnosing non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignancies on CT/mRI and contrast enhanced ultrasound: the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System approach

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Hepatoma Research 2020年第4期6卷 60-69页

作者： Kathryn JFowler guilherme moura Cunha Tae Kyoung Kim Department of Diagnostic Radiology University of California at San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92130USA University of Toronto Joint Department of Medical ImagingUniversity Health Network/Mount Sinai Hospital/Women’s College HospitalToronto M5G 2N2Canada

The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System(LI-RADS)provides a stepwise algorithmic approach that is proven to be highly accurate in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients at *** essential and early step in the algorithm is the diagnosis of malignancies other than HCC,such as cholangiocarcinoma and combined tumors,by application of LR-m features and *** LR-m category captures most non-HCC malignancies and some atypical *** exclusion of non-HCC malignancies is important for maintaining the high specificity of the LR-5,definite HCC *** review provides an overview of the approach to diagnosing non-HCC malignancies using LI-RADS CT/mRI and contrast enhanced ultrasound algorithms.

关键词： magnetic resonance imaging computer tomography contrast-enhanced ultrasound

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