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Investigating neurogenic bowel in experimental spinal cord injury: wh.re to begin?

Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第2期14卷 222-226页

作者： Amanda R.Wh.te gregory M.h.lmes Department of Neural & Beh.vioral Sciences Penn State University College of Medicine

Th. devastating losses following traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI) encompass th. motor, sensory and autonomic nervous systems. Neurogenic bowel is a slow transit colonic dysfunction marked by constipation, rectal evacuation difficulties, decreased anorectal sensation, fecal incontinence or some combination th.reof. Furth.rmore, neurogenic bowel is one of th. most prevalent comorbidities of SCI and is recognized by afflicted individuals and caregivers as a lifelong ph.sical and psych.logical ch.llenge th.t profoundly affects quality of life. Th. restoration of post-injury control of movement h.s received considerable scientific scrutiny yet th. daily necessity of voiding th. bowel and bladder remains critically under-investigated. Subsequently, ph.sicians and caregivers are rarely presented with.consistent, evidence-based strategies to successfully address th. consequences of dysregulated voiding reflexes. Neurogenic bowel is commonly believed to result from th. interruption of th. supraspinal control of th. spinal autonomic circuits regulating th. colon. In th.s mini-review, we discuss th. clinical ch.llenges presented by neurogenic bowel and emerging pre-clinical evidence th.t is revealing th.t SCI also initiates functional remodeling of th. colonic wall concurrent with.a decrease in local enteric neurons. Since th. enteric input to th. colonic smooth.muscle is th. final common path.ay for functional contractions of th. colon, ch.nges to th. neuromuscular interface must first be understood in order to maximize th. efficacy of th.rapeutic interventions targeting colonic dysfunction following SCI.

关键词： colon enteric nervous system parasympath.tic sympath.tic autonomic nervous system defecationreflexes gastrointestinal inflammation constipation incontinence

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An Improved Ch.racterization of Small Scale Fading Based on 2D Measurements and Modeling of a Moving Receiver in an Indoor Environment

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Journal of Signal and Information Processing 2016年第3期7卷 160-174页

作者： Redh.an Mawari Alexander h. h.nderson Muh.mmad B. Akbar gregory D. Durgin Moh.med Zoh.y Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oakland University Rochester MI USA Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Accurately ch.racterizing th. wireless small-scale fading ch.nnel h.s been a ch.llenging task in th. wireless communication era due to th. surrounding environment. Th.refore, th.s paper introduces a new tech.ique to experimentally ch.racterize th. small-scale fading taking under consideration real environmental conditions. By conducting a two dimensional measurement wh.le th. mobile receiver is moving;a more accurate ch.nnel will be ach.eved. Two-dimensional measurement refers to collecting data from th. receiver along th. x and y direction. Th. two-dimensional measurement data contain far more information th.n a one-dimensional data collected. In order to represent th. small-scale ch.nnel along with.th. real environmental conditions, new approach.s are necessary to configure th. two-dimensional system and to analyze th. 2D data. Th. new approach.th.s paper introduces for th. ch.racterization is th.t th. measurements are conducted on a receiver wh.le it is moving in a two dimensional manner, under different scenarios, Line-of-sigh., Non-line-of-sigh., and Two-wave-Diffuse Power. Th. experiment was conducted in a 7 meters long by 4 meters wide room, wh.rein th. distance between th. transmitter antenna and receiver is about 3 meters. Th.se scenarios represent different real-time conditions wh.re obstacles differ from one scenario to anoth.r. For example, th. line of sigh. scenario assumes th.re a clear line of sigh. between transmitter and receiver, Non line of sigh. assumes many obstacles between th. transmitter and receiver, i.e. walls, cabinets, etc. and Two Wave Diffuse Power assumes a metallic reflector surrounding th. receiver. Th. experiment sh.wed more accurate results wh.n compared to th. one dimensional measurement th.t h.s been done in th. past wh.re receiver is moving in one direction and also receiver being fixed wh.re a constructive and destructive interference is not captured. Th. two dimensional measurement tech.ique, i.e. capturing data wh.le receiver

关键词： Small-Scale Fading Gaussian Rayleigh Rician TWDP Maximum Likelih.od

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Th. Use of Antiepileptic Drugs in Acute Neuropsych.atric Conditions: Focus on Traumatic Brain Injury, Pain, and Alcoh.l With.rawal

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2014年第12期5卷 724-736页

作者： Sh.mim h. Nejad Kath. Ch.ang Ronald h.rsch.erg Patrick R. Aquino gregory L. Fricch.one Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Ph.sical Medicine and Reh.bilitation Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Psych.atry Lahey Medical Center Burlington MA USA Division of Psych.atry and Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalBoston MA USA

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), h.ve demonstrated efficacy treating a number of acute conditions, encompassing a broad range of symptoms and syndromes, in addition to being first-line treatment for epilepsy. Clinically, since th.ir inception, AEDs h.ve been used off-label for acute and ch.onic medical conditions, both.as primary and as adjuvant th.rapies. In th.s review, we describe th. observed clinical effectiveness of AEDs across a set of commonly encountered acute conditions in th. general h.spital: traumatic brain injury, pain, alcoh.l with.rawal. In describing th. individual benefits and usages of specific agents, th. applicability of th.se agents to oth.r common neuropsych.atric conditions may be furth.r explored.

关键词： Antiepileptic Drugs Traumatic Brain Injury Alcoh.l With.rawal Pain Valproic Acid Carbamazepine

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Experimental evidence th.t soil h.terogeneity enh.nces plant diversity during community assembly

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第5期7卷 461-469页

作者： Brandon M.Williams gregory R.h.useman Department of Biological Sciences Wichita State University1845 FairmountWichitaKS 67260USA

Aims Environmental h.terogeneity is a primary mech.nism explain-ing species coexistence and extant patterns of *** strong th.oretical support and ample observational evidence,few experimental studies in plant communities h.ve been able to demonstrate a causal link between environmental h.terogene-ity and plant *** lack of experimental evidence sug-gests th.t eith.r fine-scale h.terogeneity h.s weak effects on plant diversity or previous experiments h.ve been unable to effectively manipulate ***,we utilize a unique soil manipu-lation to test wh.th.r fine-scale soil h.terogeneity will increase plant rich.ess th.ough.species sorting among experimental patch.*** Th.s experiment was conducted in th. tallgrass prairie region of south.central Kansas,*** utilized th. inh.rent variation found in th. vertical soil profile,wh.ch.varied in both.biotic and abiotic ch.racteristics,and redistributed th.se strata into eith.r h.moge-neous or h.terogeneous spatial arrangements in 2.4×2.4 m *** th. soil manipulation,34 native prairie species were sown into all *** conducted annual censuses at peak biomass to quantify species composition and plant density by species with.n th. experimental *** Findings After 2 years,species rich.ess was significantly h.gh.r in h.teroge-neous relative to h.mogeneous plots and th.s pattern was independ-ent of total plant *** th. h.terogeneous plots,13 species h.d h.gh.r establish.ent in a specific patch.type representing one of th. th.ee soil ***,no species h.d greater estab-lish.ent in th. mixed stratum,wh.ch.comprised th. h.mogene-ous plots,relative to th. h.terogeneous *** species sorting patterns suggest th.t fine-scale h.terogeneity creates opportunities for plant establish.ent due to nich. differences,wh.ch.translates into increased plant diversity at th. plot *** rich.ess was more strongly related to plant density among patch

关键词： environmental h.terogeneity species rich.ess species sorting community assembly nich. th.ory neutral th.ory

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Advanced protection against environmental degradation of silver mirror stacks for space application

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Journal of Materials Science & Tech.ology 2021年第5期64卷 1-9页

作者： Rajendra Kurapati Vincent Maurice Antoine Seyeux Lorena h.Klein Dimitri Mercier gregory Ch.uveau Cath.rine Grees-Besset Loic Berth.d Ph.lippe Marcus PSL Research.University CNRS-Chimie ParisTechInstitut De Recherche De Chimie ParisPhysical Chemistry of Surfaces Group11 Rue Pierre Et Marie Curie75005 ParisFrance CILAS MARSEILLE 600 Avenue De La Roche FourcadePole ALPHA Sud-Saint Mitre13400 AubagneFrance CNES Sous-direction Assurance QualitéService TechnologiesMatériaux Et Procédés18 AvenueÉdouard Belin31401 ToulouseFrance

Protection of silver mirror stacks from environmental degradation before launch.ng is crucial for space ***,we report a comparative study of th. advanced protection of silver mirror stacks for space telescopes provided by SiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3)coatings in conditions of accelerated aging by *** model silver stack samples were deposited by cath.dic magnetron sputtering on a reference silica substrate for optical applications and a surface-pretreated SiC *** aging was per-formed in dry and more severe wet *** micrograph.c observations,surface and interface analysis by Time-of Fligh. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry(ToF-SIMS)and reflectivity measurements were combined to comparatively study th. effects of *** results sh.w a lower kinetics of degradation by accelerated aging of th. stacks protected by th. alumina coating in comparable test conditions.

关键词： Mirror layers Protection Layers Silver Atmosph.ric corrosion Accelerated aging Surface analysis Space applications

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Carotid Intima-media Th.ckness Measurements： Relations with.Ath.rosclerosis, Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Application in Randomized Controlled Trials

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Ch.nese Medical Journal 2016年第2期129卷 215-226页

作者： Mich.el L Bots gregory W Evans Ch.rles h.Tegeler Rudy Meijer Julius Center for h.alth.Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Neurology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC USA Department of Neuiology Ward A Riley Ultrasound Center Wake Forest School of Medicine Medical Center Boulevard Winston-Salem NC USA

Cardiovascular disease （CVD） is th. leading cause of death.worldwide and contributes considerably to morbidity Th. underlying cause is ath.rosclerosisTh. development of new preventive th.rapies is one of th. steps to control th. CVD epidemic. It is increasingly demanded th.t promising th.rapies be evaluated in trials using cardiovascular （CV） morbidity and mortality （M and M） as a primary outcome.

关键词： Ath.rosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Trials

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Stability study on an anti-cancer drug 4-(3,5-bis(2-ch.orobenzylidene)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-yl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid (CLEFMA) using a stabilityindicating h.LC meth.d

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Journal of Ph.rmaceutical Analysis 2017年第1期7卷 1-9页

作者： Dh.wal Ragh.vansh. gregory Nkepang Alamdar h.ssain h.oman Yari Vibh.dutta Awasth. Department of Ph.rmaceutical Sciences University of Oklahoma Health Science Center 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue Oklahoma City OK 73117 USA

CLEFMA, 4-(3,5-bis(2-ch.orobenzylidene)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-yl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid, is a new ch.mical entity with.anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. h.re, we report its stability in solution against stress conditions of exposure to acid/base, ligh., oxidant, h.gh.temperature, and plasma. Th. identity of th. degradation products was ascertained by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To facilitate th.s study, we developed and validated a reverse ph.se h.gh.performance liquid ch.omatograph. meth.d for detection of CLEFMA and its degradation. Th. meth.d was linear over a range of 1–100 μg/m L; th. accuracy and precision were with.n acceptable limits; it was stability-indicating as it successfully separated cis-/trans-isomers of CLEFMA as well as its degradation product. Th. major degradation product was produced from amide h.drolysis at maleic acid functionality caused by an acidic buffer, oxidant(3% h.drogen peroxide),or temperature stress(40–60 °C). Th. log k-p h.profile sh.wed th.t CLEFMA was most stable at neutral p h. In accelerated stability study we found th.t th. sh.lf-life(T_(90%)) of CLEFMA at 25 °C and 4 °C was 45 days and220 days, respectively. Upon exposure to UV-ligh.(365 nm), th. normally prevalent trans-CLEFMA attained cis-configuration. Th.s isomerization also involved th. maleic acid moiety. CLEFMA was stable in plasma from wh.ch.it could be efficiently extracted by an acetonitrile precipitation meth.d. Th.se results indicate th.t CLEFMA is sensitive to h.drolytic cleavage at its maleic acid moiety, and it is recommended th.t its samples sh.uld be stored under refrigerated and ligh.-free conditions, and under inert environment.

关键词： CLEFMA h.LC Stability Sh.lf-life Isomerization

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Th.ee-year outcomes of patients with.non-valvular atrial fibrillation: th. COOL-AF registry

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2023年第3期20卷 163-173页

作者： Rungroj Krittayaph.ng Satch.na Pumprueg Pontawee Kaewkumdee Ah.h.t Yindeengam gregory Yh.Lip Division of Cardiology Department of MedicineFaculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart&Chest HospitalLiverpoolUnited Kingdom Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark

BACKGROUND Clinical outcomes of patients with.non-valvular atrial fibrillation(AF)in Asian populations may be different from *** th.s study,we aimed to determine th. incidence of isch.mic stroke/systemic embolism(SSE),major bleeding,and death.and th. predictors for clinical outcomes in a contemporary Asian coh.rt of newly diagnosed AF *** Th.s is a prospective multicenter nationwide registry of patients with.AF from 27 h.spitals in *** data and follow-up data were collected every 6 month. until 3 *** collections included demograph.c,medical h.story,laboratory,and medication *** outcomes were SSE,major bleeding,and all-cause *** rates for each.clinical outcome were calculated and presented as rate per 100 *** and multivariate analysis was performed to determine th. independent predictors for clinical *** Th.re was a total of 3405 patients:mean age was 67.8±11.3 years,1981(58.2%)were *** 30.8±9.7 month. follow-up,th.re was a total of 132 SSE(3.9%),191 major bleeding(5.6%),and 357 all-cause death.(10.5%).Th. incidence rates of SSE,major bleeding,and death.were 1.56(1.30-1.84),2.26(1.96-2.61),and 4.17(3.33-4.25),per 100 person-years *** predictors for clinical outcomes were age,type of AF,and th. presence of comorbid *** Th. incidence rate of SSE,major bleeding,and death.remains h.gh.reflecting th. unmet needs in AF management。

关键词： patients fibrillation mortality

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Data-Driven Microstructure and Microh.rdness Design in Additive Manufacturing Using a Self-Organizing Map

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Engineering 2019年第4期5卷 730-735页

作者： Zh.ngtao Gan h.ngyang Li Sarah.J.Wolff Jennifer L.Bennett gregory h.att gregory J.Wagner Jian Cao Wing Kam Liu Department of Mech.nical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA DMG MORI Hoffman EstatesIL 60192USA

To design microstructure and microh.rdness in th. additive manufacturing(AM)of nickel(Ni)-based superalloys,th. present work develops a novel data-driven approach.th.t combines ph.sics-based models,experimental measurements,and a data-mining *** simulation is based on a computational th.rmal-fluid dynamics(CtFD)model,wh.ch.can obtain th.rmal beh.vior,solidification parameters such.as cooling rate,and th. dilution of solidified *** on th. computed th.rmal information,dendrite arm spacing and microh.rdness are estimated using well-tested mech.nistic *** microstructure and microh.rdness are determined and compared with.th. simulated values for *** visualize process-structure-properties(PSPs)linkages,th. simulation and experimental datasets are input to a data-mining model-a self-organizing map(SOM).Th. design windows of th. process parameters under multiple objectives can be obtained from th. visualized *** proposed approach.s can be utilized in AM and oth.r data-intensive ***-driven linkages between process,structure,and properties h.ve th. potential to benefit online process monitoring control in order to derive an ideal microstructure and mech.nical properties.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Data science Multiph.sics modeling Self-organizing map Microstructure Microh.rdness Ni-based superalloy

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Optimal INR level in elderly and non-elderly patients with.atrial fibrillation receiving warfarin: a report from th. COOL-AF nationwide registry in Th.iland

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2020年第10期17卷 612-620页

作者： Rungroj Krittayaph.ng Rapeeph.n Kunjara-Na-Ayudh.a Pornch.i Ngamjanyaporn Smonporn Boonyaratavej Ch.lalak Komoltri Ah.h.t Yindeengam Piyamitr Sritara gregory Yh.ip Division of Cardiology Department of MedicineFaculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Department of Cardiology Vichaiyut Hospital and Medical CenterBangkokThailand Department of Cardiology Chonburi HospitalChonburiThailand Division of Cardiology Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand Department of Research.Promotion Faculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand h.r Majesty Cardiac Center Faculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Division of Cardiology Department of MedicineFaculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart&Chest HospitalLiverpoolUnited Kingdom Aalborg Th.ombosis Research.Unit Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark

Background Asian population are at increased risk of bleeding during th. warfarin treatment,so th. recommended optimal international normalized ratio(INR)level may be lower in Asians th.n in *** aim of th.s prospective multicenter study was to determine th. optimal INR level in Th.i patients with.non-valvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF).Meth.ds Patients with.NVAF wh. were on warfarin for stroke prevention were recruited from 27 h.spitals in th. nationwide COOL-AF registry in *** collected demograph.c data,medical h.story,risk factors for stroke and bleeding,concomitant disease,electrocardiogram and laboratory data including INR and antith.ombotic *** measurements included isch.mic stroke/transient isch.mic attack(TIA)and major *** INR level was assessed by th. calculation of incidence density for six INR ranges(h.mic stroke/TIA and 112 major bleeding *** lowest prevalence of isch.mic stroke/TIA and major bleeding events occurred with.n th. INR range of 2.0–2.99 for patientsh. INR range associated with.th. lowest risk of isch.mic stroke/TIA and bleeding in th. Th.i population was 2.0–2.99 for patientsh.mic stroke/TIA were both.h.gh.r th.n th. rates reported in Western population.

关键词： Bleeding Isch.mic stroke Non-valvular atrial fibrillation Optimal international normalized ratio Th.iland Warfarin

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