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Relative fitness of susceptible and Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-single-/dual-protein-resistant Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on non-Bt diet and a diet containing a low concentration of two proteins

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Insect Science 2023年第2期30卷 398-410页

作者： Shucong Lin graham head Paula Price Ying Niu Fangneng Huang Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA Bayer Crop Science ChesterfieldMissouriUSA

Helicoverpa zea(Boddie)is a destructive agricultural pest species that is targeted by both Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)maize and cotton in the United ***1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 are two Bt proteins expressed in a widely planted maize event MON *** this study,two tests(Test-Ⅰ and Test-Ⅱ)were conducted to evaluate the relative fitness of Bt-susceptible and-resistant *** on non-Bt diet(Test-Ⅰ and Test-Ⅱ)and a diet containing a mix of Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 at a low concentration(Test-Ⅱ only).Insect populations evaluated in Test-Ⅰ were two Bt-susceptible strains and three Bt-resistant strains(a single-protein Cry1A.105-,a single-protein Cry2Ab2-,and a dual-protein Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-resistant strains).Test-Ⅱ analyzed the same two susceptible strains,three backcrossed-and-reselected Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-single-/dual-protein-resistant strains,and three F1 heterozygous *** of life table parameters showed that neither the single-nor dual-protein Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 resistance in *** was associated with fitness costs under the test *** single Cry protein resistances at a concentration of a mix of Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 that resulted in a zero net reproductive rate for the two susceptible strains were functionally incomplete recessive or codominant,and the dual-protein resistance was completely *** lack of fitness costs could be a factor contributing to the rapid revolution of resistance to the Cry proteins in this *** generated from this study should aid our understanding of Cry protein resistance evolution and help in refining IRM programs for ***.

关键词： resistance management Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 fitness costs Helicoverpa zea low dose effect

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Status of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 resistance in field populations of Helicoverpa zea in Texas, USA

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 487-495页

作者： JoséC.Santiago González David L.Kerns graham P.head Fei Yang Department of Entomology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA Bayer Crop Science St.LouisMissouriUSA

Helicoverpa zea is a major target pest of Bt corn and Bt ***-evolved resistance of *** to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins has been widely reported in the United *** the frequency of resistance alleles in a target insect is critical for Bt resistance *** multiple cases of practical resistance to Cry proteins having been documented in ***,there are no data on the current status of alleles conferring resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 in field populations of this *** 2018‒2019,a total of 106 F2 families for Cry1Ac and 120 F2 families for Cry2Ab2 were established using mass mating and light trap *** screened 13,568 and 15,360 neonates using a discriminatory dose of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2,*** results showed that 93.4%and 35.0%of the F2 families could survive on the discriminatory dose of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2,*** estimated resistance allele frequency for Cry1Ac in *** ranged from 0.4150 to 0.4975 and for Cry2Ab2 ranged from 0.1097 and *** data indicate that the frequency of alleles conferring resistance to Cry1 and Cry2 proteins in *** in Texas are *** addition,our data suggest the resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 in the screened families of *** varies from recessive to *** information in this study provides precise estimates of Cry resistance allele frequencies in *** and increases our understanding of the risks to the sustainability of Bt crops.

关键词： allele frequency Bacillus thuringiensis CrylAc Cry2Ab2 Helicoverpa zea resistance

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Performance of Bt-susceptible and -heterozygous dual-gene resistant genotypes of Spodoptera frugiperda (***) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) in seed blends of non-Bt and pyramided Bt maize

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 1147-1158页

作者： Marcelo Dimase Sebe Brown graham P.head Paula A.Price Wade Walker Wenbo Yu Fangneng Huang Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA Dean Lee Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterAlexandriaLouisianaUSA Bayer Crop Science ChesterfieldMissouriUSA Macon Ridge Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterWinnsboroLouisianaUSA

A seed blend refuge has been implemented in the *** Belt for Bt maize resistance *** fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(***),is a target pest of Bt maize in the *** larvae of this pest are mobile,which may affect the efficacy of seed blend *** this study,field and greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the performance of Bt-susceptible(aabb)and-heterozygous dual-gene-resistant(AaBb)genotypes of *** in seed blends of non-Bt and pyramided Bt *** field trials evaluated larval survival,larval growth,and plant injury with aabb in seed blends of Bt maize expressing Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Vip3A with 0–30%non-Bt *** tests investigated the performance of aabb and AaBb in seed blends of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 with 0–30% non-Bt *** pure non-Bt maize plots,after 9–13 d of neonates being released on the plants,0.39 and 0.65 larvae/plant survived with leaf injury ratings of 4.7 and 5.9(Davis's 1–9 scale)in the field and greenhouse,*** contrast,live larvae and plant injury were virtually not observed on Bt plants across all planting *** occurrence and plant injury by aabb on non-Bt plants were similar between seed blends and pure non-Bt plantings,suggesting that the blended refuges could provide an equivalent susceptible population as structured refuge under the test *** the greenhouse,the two insect genotypes in seed blends performed similarly,indicating that the seed blends did not provide more favorable conditions for AaBb over *** information generated from this study should be useful in managing *** and evaluating if send blends could be suitable refuge options for Bt resistance management in the regions where the insect is a primary target pest.

关键词： Bt maize dual-gene resistance fall armyworm resistance management seed blend

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Susceptibility of field populations of sugarcane borer from non-Bt and Bt maize plants to five individual Cry toxins

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Insect Science 2012年第5期19卷 570-578页

作者： Fangneng Huang Mukti N. Ghimire B. Rogers Leonard Yu-Cheng Zhu graham P. head Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Macon Ridge Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Winnsboro Louisiana Jamie Whitten Delta States Research Center USDA-ARS Stoneville Mississippi Monsanto Company St. Louis Missouri USA

Sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis （E）, is a major target of transgenic maize expressing Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） proteins in South America and the US mid- south region. Resistance development in target pest populations is a major threat to the sustainable use of Bt crops. In our field trials in 2009, a significant number of live borers and plant injury fi＇om D. saccharalis were observed in an experimental SmartStaxTM maize line. The objective of this study was to assess the relative susceptibility of two field popula- tions ofD. saccharalis collected from non-Bt and Bt maize plants containing SmartStaxTM traits to five individual Cry proteins. The five Bt proteins included two proteins （Cry 1A. 105 and Cry2Ab2） that were expressed in SmartStaxTM maize plants and three other common Bt proteins （Cry 1Aa, Cry 1Ab and Cry l Ac） that were not produced in SmartStaxTM. Larval mortality and growth inhibition on Bt diet of the fourth generation after field collections were evaluated 7 days after release of neonates on the diet surface. The laboratory bioassays showed that 50% lethal concentration （LCs0） values for CrylA. 105 and Cry2Ab2 for the population originated from Bt plants were 3.55- and 1.34-fold greater, respectively, than those of the population collected from non-Bt plants. In contrast, relative to the popula- tion from non-Bt plants, the LCs0 of the population sampled from Bt plants were 3.85-, 2.5- and 1.64-fold more sensitive to CrylAa, CrylAb and CrylAc, respectively. The re- sults did not provide clear evidence to conclude that the observed field survival of D. saccharalis on Bt plants was associated with increased levels of resistance.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis maize stalk borer susceptibility transgenic crops

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Selection,effective dominance,and completeness of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 dual-protein resistance in Helicoverpa zea(Boddie)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第7期22卷 2151-2161页

作者： Tiago SILVA Ying NIU Tyler TOWLES Sebe BROWN graham Phead Wade WALKER Fangneng HUANG Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisiana 70817USA Macon Ridge Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterWinnsboroLouisiana 71295USA Dean Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterAlexandriaLouisiana 71302USA Bayer Crop Science ChesterfieldMissouri 63017USA

In the U.S.,Helicoverpa zea(Boddie)is a major pest targeted by both transgenic maize and cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)*** of insect to Bt maize and cotton containing cry1A and cry2A genes has widely occurred in the *** this study,two trials were performed to investigate larval survival and development of a Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 dual-protein resistant(VT2P-RR),a susceptible,and an F1 heterozygous(VT2P-RS)populations of *** on ears of nine Bt and three non-Bt maize *** Bt maize hybrids evaluated represent five common pyramided traits expressing two or three of the Cry1A.105,Cry1Ab,Cry1F,Cry2Ab2,and Vip3Aa20 *** the laboratory,neonates of the three *** populations were inoculated on silks of ears collected from maize at R1-R2 plant stages;and larval survivorship was checked 10 d after neonate *** three insect populations survived normally on non-Bt maize *** numbers of VT2P-RR and VT2P-RS survived on ears of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 maize,while all larvae of the three populations died or could not develop on ears of Vip3Aa20-expressing *** results demonstrated that the dual-protein resistant *** was not cross-resistant to Vip3Aa20-expressing maize,and thus traits with vip3Aa20 gene should be effective to manage Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-resistant *** resistance in VT2P-RR was determined to be incomplete on Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 *** effective dominance levels varied greatly,from recessive to incompletely dominant,depending on maize hybrids and trials,suggesting that proper selection of maize hybrids could be important for mitigating the Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 *** data generated should aid in modeling multiple-protein Bt resistance in ***.

关键词： corn earworm Cry1A/Cry2A effective dominance incomplete resistance Bt maize resistance management

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Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of Novel Finned Radiators for Automotive Cooling System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第5期33卷 1726-1743页

作者： SINGH Hardeep TING David S-K READER graham ESHTIAGHI Nicky ICHIYANAGI Mitsuhisa SUZUKI Takashi Turbulence&Energy Laboratory University of WindsorWindsor N9B 3P4Canada Chemical and Environmental Engineering School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3001Australia Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences Sophia UniversityTokyo 102-8554Japan

This research investigates innovative fin-type radiators for automobile engine cooling ***-channel and helical radiators,along with straight type,were analyzed for heat transfer characteristics under various *** uniqueness of this study is evident in the design of microchannel and helical *** helical radiators,the inner rod features 4/8 helical-shaped water galleries,while the outer tube frame with embedded fins remains *** contrast,the microchannel radiators have compact trapezoidal-shaped water galleries with separate fin ***,the novelty of the research is enhanced by the utilization of 3D printing technology in the manufacturing *** constant fin height analysis at varied water and air flow rate,Microchannel Water Air Radiator with fin height 10.5 mm(MCWAR10.5)depicted a higher heat transfer rate amongst the *** comparison to Straight Water Air Radiator with fin height 9.5 mm(SWAR9.5),the heat transfer rate is 30.3%and 1.3 times ***,in constant fin surface area analysis,microchannel radiator(MCWAR3.2)illustrates lower heat dissipation than Helical radiator(HWAR138)but higher than HWAR134 and Straight radiator(SWAR6).The examination of pumping loss indicated that the Micro-channel radiator outperformed helical radiators due to its lower pressure *** average pressure loss for Micro-channel radiators was 0.74 kPa,making it 1.2 times higher than that of a straight radiator(0.62 kPa),indicating a better trade-off.

关键词： heat exchangers multi-channel helical heat exchanger heat transfer 3D printing

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A simple modification to the classical SIR model to estimate the proportion of under-reported infections using case studies in flu and COVID-19

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第4期9卷 1147-1162页

作者： Leonid Kalachev Jon graham Erin L.Landguth Mathematical Sciences University of MontanaMissoulaUSA Center for Population Health Research School of Public and Community Health SciencesUniversity of MontanaMissoulaUSA

Background:Under-reporting and,thus,uncertainty around the true incidence of health events is common in all public health reporting *** the problem of underreporting is acknowledged in epidemiology,the guidance and methods available for assessing and correcting the resulting bias are ***:We aim to design a simple modification to the Susceptible e Infected e Removed(SIR)model for estimating the fraction or proportion of reported infection ***:The suggested modification involves rescaling of the classical SIR model producing its mathematically equivalent version with explicit dependence on the reporting parameter(true proportion of cases reported).We justify the rescaling using the phase plane analysis of the SIR model system and show how this rescaling parameter can be estimated from the data along with the other model ***:We demonstrate how the proposed method is cross-validated using simulated data with known disease cases and then apply it to two empirical reported data sets to estimate the fraction of reported cases in Missoula County,Montana,USA,using:(1)flu data for 2016e2017 and(2)COVID-19 data for fall of ***:We establish with the simulated and COVID-19 data that when most of the disease cases are presumed reported,the value of the additional reporting parameter in the modified SIR model is close or equal to one,so that the original SIR model is appropriate for data ***,the flu example shows that when the reporting parameter is close to zero,the original SIR model is not accurately estimating the usual rate parameters,and the re-scaled SIR model should be *** research demonstrates the role of under-reporting of disease data and the importance of accounting for underreporting when modeling simulated,endemic,and pandemic disease *** reporting the“true”number of disease cases will have downstream impacts on predictions of disease dynamics.A simple parameter adjustment

关键词： Modeling of epidemics SIR type models flu and COVID-19 Under-reporting parameter Proportion of reported disease cases

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Machine learning modeling for fuel cell-battery hybrid power system dynamics in a Toyota Mirai 2 vehicle under various drive cycles

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 406-418页

作者： Adithya Legala Matthew Kubesh Venkata Rajesh Chundru graham Conway Xianguo Li Southwest Research Institute San AntonioTXUSA Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada

Electrification is considered essential for the decarbonization of mobility sector, and understanding and modeling the complex behavior of modern fuel cell-battery electric-electric hybrid power systems is challenging, especially for product development and diagnostics requiring quick turnaround and fast computation. In this study, a novel modeling approach is developed, utilizing supervised machine learning algorithms, to replicate the dynamic characteristics of the fuel cell-battery hybrid power system in a 2021 Toyota Mirai 2nd generation (Mirai 2) vehicle under various drive cycles. The entire data for this study is collected by instrumenting the Mirai vehicle with in-house data acquisition devices and tapping into the Mirai controller area network bus during chassis dynamometer tests. A multi-input - multi-output, feed-forward artificial neural network architecture is designed to predict not only the fuel cell attributes, such as average minimum cell voltage, coolant and cathode air outlet temperatures, but also the battery hybrid system attributes, including lithium-ion battery pack voltage and temperature with the help of 15 system operating parameters. Over 21,0000 data points on various drive cycles having combinations of transient and near steady-state driving conditions are collected, out of which around 15,000 points are used for training the network and 6,000 for the evaluation of the model performance. Various data filtration techniques and neural network calibration processes are explored to condition the data and understand the impact on model performance. The calibrated neural network accurately predicts the hybrid power system dynamics with an R-squared value greater than 0.98, demonstrating the potential of machine learning algorithms for system development and diagnostics.

关键词： Artificial neural network(ANN) Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) Fuel cell electric vehicle(FCEV) Fuel cell-battery electric-electric hybrid power system Data based models Lithium-ion battery(LiB)

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Genomic Mosaicism of the Brain:Origin,Impact,and Utility

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 759-776页

作者： Jared H.graham Johannes C.M.Schlachetzki Xiaoxu Yang Martin W.Breuss Department of Pediatrics Section of Clinical Genetics and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora80045-2581COUSA Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Department of Neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine San Diego92123CAUSA

Genomic mosaicism describes the phenomenon where some but not all cells within a tissue harbor unique genetic ***,research focused on the impact of genomic mosaicism on clinical phenotype—motivated by its involvement in cancers and overgrowth *** recently,we increasingly shifted towards the plethora of neutral mosaic variants that can act as recorders of cellular lineage and environmental ***,we summarize the current state of the field of genomic mosaicism research with a special emphasis on our current understanding of this phenomenon in brain development and *** the field of genomic mosaicism has a rich history,technological advances in the last decade have changed our approaches and greatly improved our *** will provide current definitions and an overview of contemporary detection approaches for genomic ***,we will discuss the impact and utility of genomic mosaicism.

关键词： Genomics Brain development Brain homeostasis Genomic mosaicism

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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS graham R.SCOTT Catherine M.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

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