检索结果-南通市图书馆

Chinese Birds 2016年第4期7卷 187-198页

作者： graham j.Etherington jason A.Mobley Museum of Vertebrate Zoology 3101 Valley Life Science Building University of California Organisms and Ecosystems The Earlham Institute Norwich Research Park Aquasis Caucaia

Background: Circus cyaneus is a medium-sized bird of prey that is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. There are two currently recognized forms, the Palearctic form C. c. cyaneus(Hen Harrier), and the Nearctic form C. c. hudsonius(Northern Harrier). The forms have recently been split by the British Ornithologists' Union but the American Ornithologists' Union and some other taxonomic committees have not yet made any change. Here we examine the phylogenetic relationship between the two forms using sequence data from multiple nuclear and mitochondrial genes and examine breeding biology, body size, morphology, dispersal and other ***: In order to fully compare cyaneus and hudsonius, we carried out a full literature review, measured museum skins and carried out phylogenetic analysis using a number of different mitochondrial genes and compare our findings to other recent ***: We find that these two allopatric taxa form reciprocally monophyletic groups, show substantial mt DNA sequence divergence, and further differ significantly with respect to body size, plumage characters, breeding biology, dispersal and other behavioral ***: Based on an array of consistently divergent characteristics, it is suggested that the two forms are best regarded as separate species, Hen Harrier(Circus cyaneus) and Northern Harrier(Circus hudsonius).

关键词： Circus cyaneus Circus hudsonius Hen Harrier Northern Harrier Phylogenetics Speciation Evolution

Vinyl chloride monomer production catalysed by gold: A review

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese journal of Catalysis 2016年第10期37卷 1600-1607页

作者： Catherine j.Davies Peter j.Miedziak Gemma L.Brett graham j.Hutchings 卡迪夫大学

In this review we discuss the history of research into the use of gold for the acetylene hydrochlorin‐ation reaction, and describe the recent developments which have led to its commercialisation. We discuss the use of different precursors and the addition to gold of a secondary metal as methods which attempt to improve these catalysts, and consider the nature of the active gold species. The vast majority of poly vinyl chloride （PVC） produced globally still uses a mercuric chloride as a cata‐lyst, despite the environmental problems associated with it. Due to the agreement by the Chinese government to remove mercury usage in the PVC industry over the course of the next few years there is an obvious need to find a replacement catalyst;the potential use of gold for this process has been well known for several decades and to date gold seems to be the best candidate for this, pri‐marily due to its superior selectivity when compared to other metals.

关键词： Gold Acetylene Hydrochlorination Vinyl chloride monomer Poly vinyl chloride Catalysis

Enhanced recovery programme in colorectal surgery:Does one size fit all?

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第40期18卷 5661-5663页

作者： Alison Lyon Christopher j Payne graham j MacKay Specialty Registrar in General Surgery West of Scotland RotationGlasgow G4 0SFUnited Kingdom Lister Department of Surgery Glasgow Royal InfirmaryGlasgow G4 0SFUnited Kingdom

Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) employs a multimodal perioperative care pathway with the aim of attenuating the stress response to surgery and accelerating *** has been difficult to determine the relative importance of some of the individual components of these pathways such as epidural analgesia and laparoscopic colorectal *** argue that only a rigid adherence to the published ERAS protocol can achieve the proposed benefits of fast-track *** this article,we explore some of the areas where the evidence base may be changing and ask whether a more flexible and individualised approach should be considered.

关键词： Enhanced recovery Fast-track Laparoscopic Intravenous fluid Postoperative analgesia

A Conceptual Governance Framework for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction Integration

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第4期6卷 372-384页

作者： Giuseppe Forino jason von Meding graham j.Brewer School of Architecture and Built Environment University of Newcastle

Climate change adaptation(CCA) and disaster risk reduction(DRR) have similar targets and goals in relation to climate change and related risks. The integration of CCA in core DRR operations is crucial to provide simultaneous benefits for social systems coping with challenges posed by climate extremes and climate *** state actors are generally responsible for governing a public issue such as CCA and DRR integration,the reform of top-down governing modes in neoliberal societies has enlarged the range of potential actors to include non state actors from economic and social communities. These new intervening actors require in-depth investigation. To achieve this goal, the article investigates the set of actors and their bridging arrangements that create and shape governance in CCA and DRR integration. The article conducts a comprehensive literature review in order to retrieve main actors and arrangements. The article summarizes actors and arrangements into a conceptual governance framework that can be used as a backdrop for future research on the topic. However, this framework has an explorative form, which must be refined according to site-and context-specific variables, norms, or ***, this article promotes an initial application of the framework to different contexts. Scholars may adopt the framework as a roadmap with which to corroborate the existence of a theoretical and empirical body of knowledge on governance of CCA and DRR integration.

关键词： Actors Climate change adaptation Climate change risk Disaster risk reduction Governance

High-resolution two-photon polymerization:the most versatile technique for the fabrication of microneedle arrays

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第5期7卷 1-17页

作者： Zahra Faraji Rad Philip D.Prewett graham j.Davies School of Mechanical and Elearical Engineering University of Southern QueenslandSpringfield CentralQLD 4300Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Oxacus Ltd Dorchester-on-Thames 0X107HNUK Faculty of Engineering UNSW AustraliaKensingtonNSW 2052Australia College of Engineering and Physical Sciences School of EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

Microneedle patches have received much interest in the last two decades as drug/vaccine delivery or fluid sampling systems for diagnostic and monitoring *** are manufactured using a variety of additive and subtractive micromanufacturing *** the last decade,much attention has been paid to using additive manufacturing techniques in both research and industry,such as 3D printing,fused deposition modeling,inkjet printing,and two-photon polymerization(2PP),with 2PP being the most flexible method for the fabrication of microneedle arrays.2PP is one of the most versatile and precise additive manufacturing processes,which enables the fabrication of arbitrary three-dimensional(3D)prototypes directly from computer-aided-design(CAD)models with a resolution down to 100 *** to its unprecedented flexibility and high spatial resolution,the use of this technology has been widespread for the fabrication of bio-microdevices and bio-nanodevices such as microneedles and microfluidic *** is a pioneering transformative technology that facilitates the fabrication of complex miniaturized structures that cannot be fabricated with established multistep manufacturing methods such as injection molding,photolithography,and ***,microstructures are designed according to structural and fluid dynamics considerations rather than the manufacturing constraints imposed by methods such as machining or etching *** article presents the fundamentals of 2PP and the recent development of microneedle array fabrication through 2PP as a precise and unique method for the manufacture of microstructures,which may overcome the shortcomings of conventional manufacturing processes.

关键词： resolution needle additive

A method to evaluate REE-HFSE mineralised provinces by value creation potential, and an example of application: Gardar REE-HFSE province, Greenland

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第6期11卷 2141-2156页

作者： graham j.Banks Símun D.Olsen Antonio Gusak Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Øster Voldgade 10DK-1350CopenhagenDenmark Permanent Address:Route to Reserves Ulriksdalvej 13Valby2500CopenhagenDenmark University of Copenhagen Øster Voldgade 10DK-1350CopenhagenDenmark

The rare earth elements and high-field-strength elements(REE-HFSE)exploration sector conducts most evaluations at deposit and smaller *** is not evident how the sector performs a preceding exploration stage—rating and prioritising REE-HFSE mineralised provinces—to determine which provinces are prospective enough to warrant *** we present an objective,repeatable,low-cost method to screen any REE-HFSE province,as a foundation for district-scale investigations or asset *** is original for REE-HFSE screening,and adapted from regional scale copper,cobalt and petroleum exploration,and CO2 storage,screening *** is centred upon a mineralised province’s favourability for potential value creation,and to identify:(a)its main information gaps;(b)its weakest links;(c)its exploration maturity and remaining potential category;(d)how it compares against other REE-HFSE provinces;and(e)if further investigation is *** method incorporates geoscience,strategy,economic and socio-environmental factors in a way that is understandable and directly usable across stakeholder *** workflow is systematic,yet flexible enough to accommodate organisationspecific criteria,and usable for other *** provides the platform to build a global REE-HFSE province map and database consistently across national boundaries and *** for the extent of province exploration maturity and remaining mineral potential are *** illustrate the applicability of these methods using the Gardar REE-HFSE Province(GRHP)of south *** conclude that it is a moderate size,frontier province that is currently of questionable favourability for value *** move GRHP into a positive favourability class,its current weak links need strengthening by research,government policy and industry stakeholders:evaluate the mineral system;integrate all information geospatially and place it in the public domain;help the region improve some communi

关键词： REE HFSE Province Screening Favourability Value

ABNORMAL PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASES ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese journal of Cancer Research 2002年第2期14卷 79-83页

作者：孙雪梅 graham j Lieschke The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing University Nanjing 210008 ChinaLudwig Institute for Cancer Research The Royal Melbourne Hospital Victoria 3050 Australia Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research The Royal Melbourne Hospital Victoria 3050 Australia

Objective: To survey the role of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in the pathogenesis of several hematopoietic malignancies. Methods: By reviewing the published laboratory and clinical studies on PTK-related oncoproteins and their causative role in some leukemias and lymphomas. Results: Protein tyrosine kinases are key participants in signal transduction pathways that regulate cellular growth, activation and differentiations. Aberrant PTK activity resulting from gene mutation (often accompanying chromosome translocation) plays an etiologic role in several clonal hematopoietic malignancies. For example, the PTK product of the BCR-ABL fusion gene resulting from the t (9; 22) translocation exhibits several fold higher tyrosine kinase activity than the product of the ABL gene. Evidence suggests that the BCR-ABL oncoprotein alone is sufficient to case chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and other Ph positive acute leukemia. PTK over-activity resulting from chromosomal translocations creating TEL-ABL, TEL-jAK2 and TEL-PDGFRβ fusion proteins plays an important role in the pathogenesis of other types of leukemia. Another example occurs in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Experimental and clinical evidences indicate that translocations involving ALK gene on chromosome 2p23, most commonly resulting in an NPM-ALK fusion oncogene, result in constitutive activation of ALK and cause ALCL. This group of lymphomas is now named ALK positive lymphoma or ALKoma. Conclusion: Genetic lesions creating aberrant fusion proteins that result in excessive PTK activity are increasingly being recognized as central to the pathogenesis of hemotopoietic malignancies. These chimeric PTK molecules represent attractive disease-specific targets against which new classes therapeutic agents are being developed.

关键词： Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) Hematopoietic malignancy BCR-ABL Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) STI 571 Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Heat inactivation of foot-and-mouth disease virus,swine vesicular disease virus and classical swine fever virus when air-dried on plastic and glass surfaces

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Biosafety and Health 2021年第4期3卷 217-223页

作者： Thea Kristensen graham j.Belsham Kirsten Tjørnehøj National Veterinary Institute Technical University of DenmarkLindholmDK-4771 KalvehaveDenmark Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of CopenhagenGrønnegårdsvej 15DK-1870 Frederiksberg CDenmark Department of Virus&Microbiological Special Diagnostics Statens Serum InstitutArtillerivej 5DK-2300 Copenhagen SDenmark

Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV),swine vesicular disease virus(SVDV)and classical swine fever virus(CSFV)all cause important animal *** affects many different cloven-hoofed animals,whereas SVDV and CSFV are restricted to domestic and feral pigs together with wild *** is normally free of these diseases,but occasionally outbreaks happen,which can cause huge economic *** of these viruses,in particular FMDV and CSFV,is only allowed within high containment laboratories and *** such facilities need to be decommissioned for repair or closing down,which is done by cleaning and chemical disinfection,followed by fumigation due to residual risk from virus on surfaces in inaccessible ***,building materials in older laboratories or stables that have housed infected animals may not be well-suited for *** treatment is another way of inactivating *** this study,we have determined the survival of infectivity in air-dried virus samples on glass and plastic surfaces incubated at room temperature or heated to 70°C for 1,2,3,5 and 7 *** of the tested viruses was inactivated to below the limit of detection after 24 h or 48 h of incubation at 70°C;in contrast,some of these viruses were still infectious after 7 days of incubation at room *** study provides important information that can be used in relation to decontamination of buildings and in risk-assessments.

关键词： Virus survival Picornavirus Pestivirus Decontamination Risk-assessment

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES OF POLYMER SURFACE RELAXATION FROM THE BULK?

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese journal of Polymer Science 2011年第1期29卷 81-86页

作者： Ian Mann Ryan M.Van Horn jason j.Ge Matthew j.graham Frank W.Harris Stephen Z.D.Cheng College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering Department of Polymer Sciencethe University of Akron

The polymer surface relaxation in thin films has been a long debating issue. We report a new method on studying surface relaxation behaviors of polymer thin films on a solid substrate. This method involved utilizing a rubbed polyimide surface with a pretilting angle in a liquid crystalline cell. Due to the surface alignment, the liquid crystals were aligned along the rubbing direction. During heating the liquid crystalline cell, we continuously monitored the change of orientation of the liquid crystals. It is understood that at a temperature where the orientation of liquid crystal is lost, the surface relaxation on the glass substrate takes place to lose the polyimide surface orientation. It was found that the relaxation temperature at which the liquid crystals lose their orientation depends on the film thickness of the polyimide. A quantitative linear relationship between the relaxation temperature and reciprocal of the film thickness can be observed. Furthermore, different topologies of the rubbed and relaxed thin films were amplified using the polyethylene decoration method and observed using atomic force microscopy.

关键词： Surface relaxation Liquid crystal orientation Polyethylene decoration.

PHASE STRUCTURES AND TRANSITION BEHAVIORS OF A TRIPHENYLENE DISCOTIC LIQUID CRYSTAL

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese journal of Polymer Science 2007年第1期25卷 57-71页

作者： Kwang-Un jeong Alexander j.jing Bart Mansdorf Matthew j.graham Frank W.Harris 程正迪 Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science The University of AkronAkronOhio 44325-3909USA

The phase behaviors and structures of a triphenylene-derived discotic liquid crystal （LC） hexa-n-octoxyl- triphenylene （C8HET） were studied using the combined techniques of differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, wide angle X-ray diffraction （WAXD）, selected area electron diffraction （SAED） and polarized light microscopy （PLM）. Onedimensional （1D） powder WAXD results at different temperatures coupled with DSC and PLM observations revealed that the C8HET compound possessed an LC phase and three different crystalline （K3, K2 and K1） phases below the isotropic （I） melt. The I←→ LC phase transition was thermodynamically reversible and independent of the heating and cooling rates. The development and experimental observation of the three crystalline phases relied on different thermal histories. Among the three crystalline phases in CSHET, the K3 phase is the most stable phase, while the K2 and K1 phases are metastable. Note that the K1 phase only formed via a quenching process. Oh the basis of structure sensitive diffraction experiments such as 2D WAXD of oriented samples and SAED of single crystals, detailed structures and molecular packings of these four ordered phases were identified. The LC phase exhibited a hexagonal columnar phase with 2D lattice dimensions ofa = b = 2.38 nm and γ= 120°. All the three crystalline phases possess monoclinic unit cells, yet the y angle is not 90° in the cases of the K2 and the K3 phases, while in the case of the K1 phase the a angle is not 90°.

关键词： Triphenylene discotic liquid crystal Metastability Crystal structure Columnar phase Phase transitions.