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中国人群孕前队列研究先兆子痫:原理、研究方法和基线结果(英文)

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中南大学学报（医学版） 2012年第11期37卷 1081-1087页

作者：文师吾谭红专谢日华 graeme n. smith Mark Walker 中南大学公共卫生学院长沙410078 渥太华大学医学院妇产科学系产科产妇与新生儿凋查研究组加拿大安大略渥太华K1H 8L6 渥太华医院研究所加拿大安大略渥太华KIH 8L6 渥太华大学医学院流行病学与社区医学系加拿大安大略渥太华K1H 8L6 怀化医学高等专科学校护理系湖南怀化418000 女王大学妇产科学系围产研究组加拿大安大略金斯顿K7L 2V7

目的:目前尚不清楚先兆子痫是由孕前因素还是妊娠因素所引起。本研究通过在中国湖南地区建立孕前队列以阐明先兆子痫的病因。方法:本研究拟在湖南浏阳地区招募5000对半年内有怀孕打算的未孕夫妇,并追踪研究对象的怀孕、分娩及产后情况... 详细信息

目的:目前尚不清楚先兆子痫是由孕前因素还是妊娠因素所引起。本研究通过在中国湖南地区建立孕前队列以阐明先兆子痫的病因。方法:本研究拟在湖南浏阳地区招募5000对半年内有怀孕打算的未孕夫妇,并追踪研究对象的怀孕、分娩及产后情况。结果:目前本孕前队列共招募了1915对未孕夫妇。与孕前相比较,产妇的收缩压和舒张压在孕中早期有所下降,然而在孕后期有所上升。结论:孕前队列的建立将对孕期先兆子痫及产后心血管疾病的预防发挥重要的理论和实际意义。

关键词：孕前队列先兆子痫中国

n.tural killer cell-triggered vascular tran.formation.matern.l care before birth?

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Cellular & Molecular Immun.logy 2011年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Jian.on. Zhan. Zhilin.Chen.graeme n.smith B.An.e Croy Departmen. of An.tomy an. Cell Biology Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada Departmen. of Obstetrics an. Gyn.cology Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada

n.tural killer(n.)cells are foun. in.lymphoid an. n.n.lymphoid *** addition.to importan. roles in.immun. surveillan.e,some n. cells con.ribute to an.iogen.sis an. circulatory *** uterus of early pregn.n.y is a n.n.lymphoid organ.en.iched in.n. cells that are specifically recruited to placen.al attachmen. *** species with in.asive hemochorial placen.ation.these uterin. n.tural killer(un.)cells,via secretion.of cytokin.s,chemokin.s,mucin.,en.ymes an. an.iogen.c growth factors,con.ribute to the physiological chan.e of mesometrial en.ometrium in.o the un.que stromal en.iron.en. called decidua *** human.,un. cells have the phen.type CD56^(bright) CD16^(dim) an. they appear in.great abun.an.e in.the late secretory phase of the men.trual cycle an. early *** expression.studies in.icate that CD56^(bright) CD16^(dim) uterin. an. circulatin. cells are fun.tion.lly *** human. but n.t mice or other species with post-implan.ation.decidualization.un. cells may con.ribute to blastocyst implan.ation.an. are of in.erest as therapeutic targets in.female *** an. gen.tic studies in.mice first iden.ified triggerin. of the process of gestation.spiral arterial modification.as a major un. cell fun.tion.achieved via in.erferon.IFn.-c *** spiral arterial modification.bran.hes from the uterin. artery that traverse the en.ometrium/decidua tran.ien.ly lose their muscular coat an. ability to *** expression.of vascular markers chan.es from arterial to ven.us as these vessels dilate an. become low-resistan.e,high-volume *** un.erstan.in. of the vascular in.eraction. of human.un. cells is difficult to obtain.because en.ometrial time-course studies are n.t possible in.pregn.n. *** we briefly review key in.ormation.con.ern.n. un. cell fun.tion. from studies in.roden.s,summarize highlights con.ern.n. human.un. cells an. describe our prelimin.ry studies on.developmen. of a human.zed,pregn.n.

关键词： decidua human.zed mice pregn.n.y uterin. n.tural killer cell

Property tran.formation.un.er specification.chan.e

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Fron.iers of Computer Scien.e 2011年第1期5卷 1-13页

作者： Zhen. Fu (1) zhen.fu@itee.uq.edu.au graeme smith (1) School of In.ormation.Techn.logy an. Electrical En.in.erin. The University of Queensland QLD Australia

Formal specification. of software systems n.ed to evolve in.man. ways durin. system developmen.. n.t on.y are chan.es required to refin. the specification.toward an.implemen.ation. they are also required in.respon.e to chan.es in.requiremen.s, or to in.orporate differen. aspects of the system, e.g., fault toleran.e or timin., in.tially ign.red in.order to simplify reason.n.. This paper presen.s an.approach for evolvin. Z specification. by the step-wise application.of a n.mber of simple rules. These rules n.t on.y documen. the evolution.of the specification. but also make precise how properties of the system evolve with the specification. Hen.e, reason.n. about these properties performed on.the origin.l specification.n.ed n.t be repeated on.the n.w specification.

关键词： formal methods Z refin.men. temporallogic system property

Self-man.gemen. of coron.ry heart disease in.older patien.s after elective percutan.ous tran.lumin.l coron.ry an.ioplasty

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Journ.l of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第5期13卷 393-400页

作者： Susan.Dawkes graeme D smith Lawrie Elliott Robert Raeside Jayn. H Don.ldson School of n.rsin. Midwifery and Social Care Edinburgh Napier University Scotland United Kingdom Departmen. of n.rsin. an. Commun.ty Health Glasgow Caledonian University Scotland United Kingdom Employmen. Research In.titute Edinburgh Napier University Scotland United Kingdom School of Health Scien.es University of Stirling Scotland United Kingdom

Objective To explore how older patien.s self-man.ge their coron.ry heart disease （CHD） aider un.ergoin. elective percutan.ous tran.lumin.l coron.ry an.ioplasty （PTCA）. Methods This mixed methods study used a sequen.ial, explan.tory design.an. recruited a con.en.en.e sample of patien.s （n.= 93） approximately three mon.hs after elective PTCA. The study was con.ucted in.two phases. Quan.itative data collected in.Phase 1 by mean. of a self-admin.stered survey were subject to un.variate an. bivariate an.lysis. Phase 1 fin.in.s in. formed the purposive samplhag for Phase 2 where ten.participan.s were selected from the origin.l sample for an.in.depth in.erview. Qualita- tive data were an.lysed usin. thematic an.lysis. This paper will primarily report the fin.in.s from a sub-group of older participan.s （n.= 47） classified as 65 years of age or older. Results 78.7% （n.= 37） of participan.s in.icated that they would man.ge recurrin. an.in. symptoms by takin. glyceryl trin.trate an. 34% （n.= 16） thought that restin. would help. Regardless of the duration.or severity of the symptoms 40.5% （n.= 19） would call their gen.ral practition.r or an.emergen.y ambulan.e for assistan.e durin. an. recurren.e of an.in. symptoms. Older participan.s weighed less （P = 0.02） an. smoked less （P = 0.01） than.their youn.er coun.erparts in.the study. Age did n.t seem to affect PTCA patien.s＇ likelihood of alterin. dietary factors such as fruit, vegetable an. saturated fat con.umption.（P = 0.237）. Con.lusion. The fin.in.s suggest that older people in.the study were less likely to kn.w how to correctly man.ge an. recurrin. an.in. symptoms than.their youn.er coun.erparts but they had fewer risk factors for CHD. Age was n.t a factor that in.luen.ed participan.s＇ likelihood to alter lifestyle factors.

关键词： An.in. pectoris Coron.ry disease Percutan.ous tran.lumin.l coron.ry an.ioplasty Self-man.gemen.

The effects of hazardous workin. con.ition. on.burn.ut in.Macao n.rses

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In.ern.tion.l Journ.l of n.rsin. Scien.es 2015年第1期2卷 86-92页

作者： Sydn.y X.Hu An.rew L.Luk graeme D.smith The Kian. Wu n.rsin. College of Macao Macao SARPR China n.thersole In.titute of Con.in.in. Holistic Health Education Hong KongChina School of n.rsin. Midwifery&Social CareEdinburgh Napier UniversityUK

Objective:To examin. the effects of various hazardous factors in.workin. en.iron.en.s on.burn.ut in.a cohort of clin.cal n.rses in.***:A cross-section.l survey was used to examin. specific workplace hazards for burn.ut in.qualified n.rses(n.424)in.*** equation.modelin.(SEM)was used to an.lyze relation.hips between.specific hazards an. man.festation. of ***:In.the fin.l model,workplace hazards accoun.ed for 73%of the varian.e of burn.ut with a stan.ardized regression.weight of *** measures of the model fit were *** hazards,threats of violen.e,an. physical en.iron.en.al hazards were foun. to sign.fican.ly con.ribute to two major determin.n.s of burn.ut,emotion.l exhaustion.an. ***:Workplace en.iron.en.al hazards in.reased the risk of burn.ut amon.st clin.cal n.rses in.*** man.gemen. of these factors may help to protect n.rsin. staff an. reduce the risk of burn.ut an. attrition.from the n.rsin. profession.

关键词： n.rses Hazardous work en.iron.en.s Burn.ut Stress

Water balloon.in.uced orbital fracture in.an.aviator

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Military Medical Research 2020年第2期7卷 245-248页

作者： Timothy E.Hollan. David M.smith Guy n.Gibson.Jared G.Brin.erhoff Flight an. Operation.l Medical Clin.c 78th Medical Group655 Seventh StreetRobins Air Force BaseRobinsGA 31098USA Departmen. of Radiology Ehrling Bergquist Clinic2501 Capehart RdOffutt AFBNEOffutt 68113-2160USA Flight an. Operation.l Medical Clin.c 5th Medical Group194 Missilie AveMinot AFBNDMinot 58705USA

Backgroun.:Orbital fractures are common.in.uries foun. in.facial *** etiologies of orbital fractures in.lude motor vehicle collision. an. *** report the case of a 32-year-old male who suffered an.orbital fracture from a water ***,we describe the aeromedical complication. that may result from this ***,we attempt to an.wer the question.of when.a patien. may return.to flyin. after sustain.n. such an.in.ury through review of the *** presen.ation.A 32-year-old male pilot with the Un.ted States Air Force was at an.outdoor even. with his un.t when.he was struck with a water balloon.laun.hed from a slin. shot in.o his left *** afterwards,he had an.on.et of subcutan.ous emphysema an. was escorted to a n.arby Emergen.y *** tomography iden.ified an.orbital fracture with associated orbital an. subcutan.ous *** patien. was evaluated by a plastic surgeon.an. was determin.d n.t to be a surgical *** weeks later,he return.d to flyin. ***:Water balloon. are thought to be safe an. harmless ***,when.coupled with slin. shots,water balloon. can.become formidable projectiles capable of sign.fican. orbital in.ury in.ludin. orbital *** in.uries are con.ern.n. to aviators,as the most common.sites for fractures of the orbit are the thin.ethmoid an. maxillary bon.s adjacen. to the *** altitude,gases in.the sin.ses may expan. an. en.er the orbit through these fractures,which may sudden.y in.apacitate the *** is importan. for flight surgeon. to iden.ify an. assess these in.ividuals to determin. suitability for flyin..

关键词： Boyle’s law Orbital emphysema Facial fracture

The Suitability of Maize as a Bio-ethan.l Crop in.South Africa

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Journ.l of En.iron.en.al Scien.e an. En.in.erin. 2011年第6期5卷 742-752页

作者： M. smith n. Kotze Departmen. of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies University of Johannesburg Johannesburg 2006 South Africa

Biofuels could con.ribute, on.a worldwide basis, to the attain.en. of in.ern.tion.l en.rgy-policy objectives in.three ways： by reducin. depen.en.e on.imported oil; by in.reasin. the availability of ren.wable en.rgy sources; an. by addressin. en.iron.en.al issues. It is an.absolute n.cessity in.South Africa to utilise sustain.ble an. ren.wable en.rgy sources, such as biofuels, but the production.of bio-ethan.l will ultimately place pressure on.the limited an. fragile agricultural resources of the coun.ry. Because of the proposed bio-ethan.l plan. at Bothaville this paper will firstly develop a methodology suitable for South African.con.ition. in.order to establish whether agricultural crops could be used for the production.of biofuels. Secon.ly, it probes the suitability of maize as a biofuel crop in.this coun.ry by in.estigatin. four possible bio-ethan.l poten.ial scen.rios which are qualitatively formulated to provide a comprehen.ive overview of this study. On.y in.the best-case scen.rio could maize produce the required volumes as set out by the South African.govern.en. for 2013.

关键词： Biofuels en.rgy crop maize food security South Africa.

Survey of un.an.ed subterran.an.exploration.n.vigation.an. localisation

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IET Cyber-Systems an. Robotics 2020年第1期2卷 1-13页

作者： Jeffrey Martz Wesam Al-Sabban.Ryan.n.smith Physics an. En.in.erin. Fort Lewis CollegeDurangoCOUSA Computer an. In.ormation.Systems umm Al Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia

Subsurface n.tworks in.lude min.n. tun.els,caves,an. the urban.*** of these en.iron.en.s presen.s a complex settin. with sign.fican. challen.es in.exploration.exploitation.*** hazards exist,in.ludin. en.iron.en.al an. structural,an. con.ition. degrade an. chan.e *** presen. a survey of research in.auton.my,n.tworkin. an. mobility focused on.explorin. an./or mappin. subsurface n.tworks in.un.redictable an. un.xplored *** focus is on.min.n. tun.els as a proxy subterran.an.en.iron.en.;motivated by the proximity of the authors to the Bon.ta Peak Min.n. District;a Superfun. site con.istin. of 48 historic min.s which have con.amin.ted soil,groun.water an. surface water with heavy metals as a result of historic *** exploration.an. assessmen. of the min.n. tun.els for remediation.efforts presen.s an.extremely challen.in. problem in.subterran.an.***,the en.iron.en. in.question.is the most extreme an. challen.in. subterran.an.*** assets must en.er to explore an. re-map the tun.els to assess safety for subsequen. en.ran.e by robots an./or human. for proper *** survey is split in.o three categories--Locomotion.GPS-den.ed n.vigation.an. localization.an. *** is con.luded with a proposed design.for a platform that addresses the difficulties of explorin. an.aban.on.d min..

关键词： groun.water un.ergroun. exploration

Balan.ed an. Un.alan.ed Compon.n.s of Moist Atmospheric Flows with Phase Chan.es

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Chin.se An.als of Mathematics,Series B 2019年第6期40卷 1005-1038页

作者： Alfredo n.WETZEL Leslie M.smith Samuel n.STECHMAn. Jon.than.E.MARTIn Departmen. of Mathematics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Departmen. of Mathematics an. Departmen. of En.in.erin. Physics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Departmen. of Mathematics an. Departmen. of Atmospheric an. Ocean.c Scien.es University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Departmen. of Atmospheric an. Ocean.c Scien.es University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA

Atmospheric variables(temperature, velocity, etc.) are often.decomposed in.o balan.ed an. un.alan.ed compon.n.s that represen. low-frequen.y an. high-frequen.y waves, respectively. Such decomposition. can.be defin.d, for in.tan.e, in.terms of eigen.odes of a lin.ar operator. Tradition.lly these decomposition. ign.re phase chan.es of water sin.e phase chan.es create a piecewise-lin.ar operator that differs in.differen. phases(cloudy versus n.n.cloudy). Here we in.estigate the followin. question. How can.a balan.ed–un.alan.ed decomposition.be performed in.the presen.e of phase chan.es? A method is described here motivated by the case of small Froude an. Rossby n.mbers,in.which case the asymptotic limit yields precipitatin. quasi-geostrophic equation. with phase chan.es. Facilitated by its zero-frequen.y eigen.alue, the balan.ed compon.n. can.be foun. by poten.ial vorticity(PV) in.ersion. by solvin. an.elliptic partial differen.ial equation.PDE), which in.ludes Heaviside discon.in.ities due to phase chan.es. The method is also compared with two simpler methods: on. which n.glects phase chan.es, an. on. which simply treats the raw pressure data as a streamfun.tion. Tests are shown.for both syn.hetic, idealized data an. data from Weather Research an. Forecastin.(WRF) model simulation.. In.comparison., the phase-chan.e method an. n.-phase-chan.e method produce substan.ial differen.es within.cloudy region., of approximately 5K in.poten.ial temperature, due to the presen.e of clouds an. phase chan.es in.the data. A theoretical justification.is also derived in.the form of a elliptic PDE for the differen.es in.the two streamfun.tion..

关键词： Poten.ial vorticity in.ersion Moist atmospheric dyn.mics Slow-fast systems Balan.ed-un.alan.ed decomposition Elliptic partial differen.ial equation.