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Algebraically explicit analytical solu-tions for the unsteady non-Newtonian swirling flow in an annular pipe

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第4期49卷 396-400页

作者： CAI Ruixian1 & GOU Chenhua1,2.1. Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese academy of sciences,{2., china 2. graduate school, Chinese academy of sciences,{2., china Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

This paper presents two algebraically explicit analytical solutions for the incompressible unsteady rotational flow of Oldroyd-B type in an annular pipe. The first solution is derived with the common method of separation of variables. The second one is deduced with the method of separation of variables with addition developed in recent years. The first analytical solution is of clear physical meaning and both of them are fairly simple and valuable for the newly developing computational fluid dynamics. They can be used as the benchmark solutions to verify the applicability of the existing numerical computational methods and to inspire new differencing schemes, grid generation ways, etc. Moreover, a steady solution for the generalized second grade rheologic fluid flow is also presented. The correctness of these solutions can be easily proven by substituting them into the original governing equation.

关键词： analytical solution, Oldroyd-B type fluid, swirling flow, non-Newtonian.

Explicit analytical solutions of the anisotropic Brinkman model for the natural convection in porous media(Ⅱ)

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2005年第4期48卷 422-430页

作者： CAI Ruixian1, GOU Chenhua1, 2.& ZHANG Na1 1. Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese academy of sciences,{2., china 2. graduate school, Chinese academy of sciences,{2., china Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate school Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Some algebraically explicit analytical solutions are derived for the anisotropic Brinkman model―an improved Darcy model―describing the natural convection in porous media. Besides their important theoretical meaning (for example, in analyzing the non-Darcy and anisotropic effects on the convection), such analytical solutions can be the benchmark solutions that can promote the development of computational heat and mass transfer. Some solutions considering the anisotropic effect of permeability have been given previously by the authors, and this paper gives solutions including the anisotropic effect of thermal conductivity and the effect of heat sources.

关键词： explicit analytical solution, porous medium, natural convection, Brinkman model, anisotropic.

A new approach of cascade utilization of the chemical energy of fuel

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第5期16卷 518-523页

作者： HAN Wei, JIN Hongguang and LIN Rumou ( Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese academy of sciences,{2., china graduate school of the Chinese academy of sciences,{2., china) Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China graduate school of the Chinese academy of {2. Beijing 100080 China

The indirect release of chemical energy of fuel is investigated, and a new mechanism is proposed to identify the cascade utilization of chemical energy of fuel more clearly. Based on the concept of energy level, the internal phenomenon of the indirect chemical energy release is disclosed, and the equations of energy level describing the utilization of chemical energy and thermal energy during the indirect chemical energy release process are obtained. From theoretical analysis, we find that the superiority of the indirect chemical energy release of fuel comes from the cascade utilization of the fuel's chemical energy. Moreover, the cascade utilization of chemical energy is verified by the investigation of CRGT (chemically recuperated gas turbine). As a result, the thermal exergy obtained from the chemical energy release of fuel increases by 2.% -3 % . The results obtained here may help a deeper understanding of indirect chemical energy release of fuel and provide a theoretical basis for the synthesis of innovative energy systems.

关键词： chemically recuperated gas turbine methane/steam reforming chemical energy level cascade utilization.

Bio-regeneration of p-complexation desulfurization adsorbents

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第6期48卷 538-544页

作者： LI Wangliang1,2. XING Jianmin1, XIONG Xiaochao1,2. SHAN Guobin1,2.& LIU Huizhou1 1. Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese academy of sciences,{2., china 2. graduate school of the Chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100039, china Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate school of the Chinese academy of {2. Beijing China

The coupling of adsorption desulfurization and biodesulfurization is a new approach to produce clean fuels. Sulfur compounds are firstly adsorbed on adsorbents, and then the ad-sorbents are regenerated by microbial conversion. p-Complexation adsorbent, Cu(I)-Y, was ob-tained by ion exchanging Y-type zeolite with Cu2. and then by auto-reduction in helium at 450℃ for 3 h. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) was used as a model compound. The effects of cell concentra-tion, volume of oil phase, the ratio of aqueous phase to adsorbent on DBT desorption by a bac-terium were studied. The amounts of DBT desorbed and 2.HBP produced can be apparently increased with addition of n-octane. BDS activity can be improved by increasing cell concentra-tion and the ratio of water-to-adsorbent. 89% of DBT desorbed from the adsorbents can be converted to 2.HBP within 6 h and almost 100% within 2. h, when the volume ratio of oil-to-water was 1/5 mL/mL, the cell concentration was 60 g·L?1, and the ratio of adsorbent-to-oil was 0.03 g·mL?1. The amount of 2.HBP produced was strongly dependent on the volume ratio of oil-to- water, cell concentration and amount of adsorbent. Adsorption capacity of the regenerated ad-sorbent is 95% that of the fresh one after being desorbed with Pseudomonas delafieldii R-8, washed with n-octane, dried at 100℃ for 2. h and auto-reduced in He.

关键词： adsorption desulfurization p-complexation adsorbents bio-regeneration Pseudomonas delafieldii desorption.

Structures and physical properties of rigid polyurethane foams with water as the sole blowing agent

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Science china Chemistry 2006年第4期49卷 363-370页

作者： LI Xiaobin1,2. CAO Hongbin1 & ZHANG Yi1 1. Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese academy of sciences,{2., china 2. graduate school of the Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, china Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate school of the Chinese academy of {2. Beijing China

Rigid polyurethane foams blown by varying water level were prepared in this study. The structures and physical properties of rigid polyurethane foams blown by water were measured with FT-IR, universal testing machine (Instron3365), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results show that polyurea and polybiuret were the typical charac- teristics, and the cream time and gel time were shorter for the fully water blown rigid foams than that for the fully cyclopentane blown foams. The density of foam samples decreased from 45.0 kg/m3 to 2..4 kg/m3 with the increase of water level from 3 pph to 7 pph. Compressive strength exhibited the similar behavior with density. The average cell size of foam samples ranged from 2.1 μm to 356 μm with the increase of water level from 3 pph to 7 pph, respectively. At the same time, poorer dimen- sional stability was encountered with the increase of average cell size due to fast diffusion rate of CO2.out of the foam. The results of thermal analysis show that the glass transition temperature (Tg) shifted to a higher temperature with the increase of isocyanate level when more water was used as chemical blowing agent.

关键词： polyether polyol, polyurethane rigid foam, compressive strength, dimensional stability, cell size, glass transition temperature.

Recent advances in the data analysis method of functional magnetic resonance imaging and its applications in neuroimaging

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第8期16卷 785-795页

作者： TIAN Jie, YANG Lei and HU Jin (Institute of Automation, Chinese academy of sciences,{2., china graduate school of Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, china) Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China. graduate school of Chinese academy of {2. Beijing 100039 China

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has opened a new area to explore the human brain. The fMRI can reveal the deep insights of spatial and temporal changes underlying a broad range of brain function, such as motor, vision, memory and emotion, all of which are helpful in the clinical investigation. In this paper, we introduce some recent-developed algorithms for fMRI signal detection such as model-driven method (general linear model, deconvolution model, non-linear model, etc. ) and data-driven method (principle component analysis, independent component analysis, self-organization mapping, clustered constrained non-negative matrix factorization, etc. ). We also propose several important applications of neuroimaging and point out their shortcomings and future perspectives.

关键词： fMR1 data analysis neuroimaging.

Effect of concentration on surfactant micelle shapes——A molecular dynamics study

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第5期48卷 470-475页

作者： GAO Jian1,2. GE Wei1 & LI Jinghai1 1. Multiphase Reaction Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese academy of sciences,{2., china 2. graduate school of The Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china Multiphase Reaction Laboratory Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate school of The Chinese academy of {2. Beijing China

Many aspects of the behavior of surfactants have not been well understood due to the coupling of many different mechanisms. Computer simulation is, therefore, attractive in the sense that it can explore the effect of different mechanisms separately. In this paper, the shapes, structures and sizes of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) micelles under different con-centrations in an oil/water mixture were studied via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using a simplified atomistic model which basically maintains the hydrophile and lipophile properties of the surfactant molecules. Above the critical micellar concentration (cmc), surfactant molecules ag-gregate spontaneously to form a wide variety of assemblies, from spherical to rodlike, wormlike and bilayer micelles. Changes in their ratios of the principle moments of inertia (g1/g3, g2.g3) in-dicated the transition of micelle shapes at different concentrations. The aggregation number of micelle is found to have a power-law dependence on surfactant concentration.

关键词： surfactant, MD simulation, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, micelle shape.

Experimental investigation and numerical simulation on the effect of fissure water pressure in vertical sliding surface

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2005年第z1期48卷 53-64页

作者： ZHANG Lei1,2. LI Shihai1, LIAN Zhenzhong1,2.& WANG Yuannian1 1. Institute of Mechanics, Chinese academy of sciences,{2., china 2. graduate school, Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100060, china Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

This paper studies the effect of fissure water pressure in different fractures on the critical angle of landslide by laboratory investigation and numerical simulation in order to understand the mechanisms of fissure water pressure on landslide stability. Laboratory observations show that the effect of fissure water pressure on the critical angle of landslide is little when the distance between water-holding fracture and slope toe is three times greater than the depth of fissure water. These experimental results are also simulated by a three-dimensional face-to-face contact discrete element method. This method has included the fissure water pressure and can accurately calculate the critical angle of jointed slope when fissure water pressure in vertical sliding surface exists. Numerical results are in good agreement with experimental observations. It is revealed that the location of water-holding structural surface is important to landslide stability. The ratio of the distance between water-holding fissure and slope toe to the depth of fissure water is a key parameter to justify the effect of fissure water pressure on the critical angle of landslide.

关键词： jointed rock slope, discrete element method, fracture in vertical sliding surface, model experiment,fissure water pressure.

Mechanism and Defense on Malicious Code

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural sciences 2005年第1期10卷 83-88页

作者： WEN Wei-ping 1,2.3, QING Si-han 1,2.31. Institute of Software, the Chinese academy of sciences,{2., china 2.Engineering Research Center for Information Security Technology, the Chinese academy of sciences,{2., china 3.graduate school of the Chinese academy of sciences,{2., china Institute of Software the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Engineering Research Center for Information Security Technology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate school of the Chinese academy of {2. Beijing China

With the explosive growth of network applications, the threat of the malicious code against network security becomes increasingly serious. In this paper we explore the mechanism of the malicious code by giving an attack model of the malicious code, and discuss the critical techniques of implementation and prevention against the malicious code. The remaining problems and emerging trends in this area are also addressed in the paper.

关键词： malicious code attacking model mechanism defense system security network security