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Evaluation and modification of some empirical and semi-empirical approaches for prediction of area-storage capacity curves in reservoirs of dams

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第1期32卷 127-135页

作者： Issa E.Issa Nadhir Al-Ansari govand sh.rwany Sven Knutsson Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLulea University of Technology Department of Dams and Water Resources Engineering University of Mosul

The storage capacity of reservoirs is gradually reduced due to sediment accumulation that causes changes in the area-storage capacity（ASC） *** these curves and predicting their future change is an important issue for planners,designers and operators of *** empirical and semiempirical approaches have been suggested for establishing and predicting the future changes for these *** this study four empirical and semi-empirical methods were evaluated and three of them were modified to be used for the prediction of changes in the ASC curves due to sedimentation,based on the existing sedimentation survey data for 11 reservoirs in the *** evaluation,these approaches were reviewed and used to determine sedimentation depth and establishing the ASC curves for the Mosul dam reservoir（MDR）,which is the biggest hydraulic structure on the River Tigris in northern *** started operating in 1986 with a storage capacity of 11.11 km;and a water surface area 380 km2 at normal operation stage（330 m a.s.l.）.The results obtained from these methods were evaluated using observed bathymetric survey data that had been collected in 2011 after 25 years of the operation of the *** evaluation results showed three methods had presented more accurate results for estimating water depth or sedimentation depth at dam site with percentage error about 1.06-3.30%.Whilst for establishing ASC curves,one method presented good agreement result with survey ***,ASC and sedimentation depths at dam site of MDR for periods 50,75,100 and 125 years were estimated using the modified approaches and the area reduction *** results of the modified methods provided reasonable agreement when compared with the area reduction method proposed by the *** of Reclamation and the agreement became better with an increase in time period.

关键词： Area-capacity curves Reservoir sedimentation Area reduction method Mosul dam

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Sedimentation Processes and Useful Life of Mosul Dam Reservoir, Iraq

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第10期5卷 779-784页

作者： Issa EIssa Nadhir Al-Ansari govand sh.rwany Sven Knutsson Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLulea University of TechnologyLuleaSweden Mosul University MosulIraq Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research-KRG ErbilIraq

The sedimentation process is the most important problems that affects directly the performance of reservoirs due to the reduction of the storage capacity and possible problems effecting the operation. Thus periodic assessment of the storage capacity and determining sediment deposition patterns is an important issue for operation and management of the reservoirs. In this study, bathymetric survey results and an analytical approach had been used to assess the characteristics of sedimentation and estimate the useful life of Mosul Reservoir. It is located on the Tigris River in the north of Iraq. The water surface area of its reservoir is 380 km2 with a designed storage capacity of 11.11 km3 at a maximum operating level (330 m a.s.l). The dam started operating in 1986. No detailed study was yet carried out to assess its reservoir. The present study indicated that the annual reduction rate in the dead and live storage capacities of the reservoir is 0.786% and 0.276% respectively. The observed results (bathymetric survey) and algebraic formula show approximately that the useful life of Mosul dam reservoir is about 125 years. Furthermore, the stage-storage capacity curves for the future periods (prediction curves) were established using bathymetric survey data.

关键词： Bathymetric Survey Mosul Dam Reservoir Sedimentation Rate Useful Life of Reservoir

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Static Reservoir Modeling, a Case Study from Early Cretaceous Yamama Formation, Southern Iraq

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第6期12卷 359-370页

作者： Raghad A. Naeem govand H. sherwani Nadhir Al-Ansari Department of Applied Geology University of Babylon Babylon Iraq Department of Civil Engineering Cihan University-Erbil Erbil Iraq Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Mining and Geotechnical Engineering Lule&#229 University of Technology Lule&#229 Sweden

Constructing a static reservoir model or a 3D geological model is a widely used modern tool to employ subsurface information expose the setting and properties of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The current study attempts to build a 3D reservoir model of the Yamama Formation (an important oil reservoir in Southern Iraq), from digital logs data and drilling information. This would lead to a better understanding of the relationships between different reservoir elements, then expose many characteristics of the reservoir, such as the facies distribution and petrophysical properties. The data of the Yamama Formation (Early Cretaceous Carbonates) were taken from four wells of Gharraf Oilfield, Southern Iraq (GA-1, GA-2, GA-3, and GA-4). The adopted modeling approach consists of a series of steps starting with a preliminary analysis of data, followed by interpretation of these data, and terminated by geostatistical methods for building the structural model. The modeling was assisted by defining the top of each layer detected by wireline logs and final well reports of each studied well. The results of the study encompass four microfacies distributed between Inner Ramp and Mid Ramp environments. The followed 3D geological modeling scheme was capable to visualize the distribution of petrophysical properties, and the classification of Yamama Formation into several layers or reservoir units (Y1 to Y5), and thirteen subdivisions (minor units). The model could also define the places where effective porosity was enhanced. The process of Pillar Gridding, a step within the modeling, showed that the Yamama Formation is composed of two domes. The constructed model was helpful, based on the evaluation of petrophysical parameters, then to point out the most important reservoir zone (Zone Y3_top) that has Effective Porosity of (13.6%) and water saturation of around (10.6%).

关键词： Reservoir Modeling Petrel Cretaceous Yamama Formation Southern Iraq

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Monitoring and Evaluating the Sedimentation Process in Mosul Dam Reservoir Using Trap Efficiency Approaches

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Engineering（科研） 2015年第4期7卷 190-202页

作者： Issa E. Issa Nadhir Al-Ansari Sven Knutsson govand sh.rwany Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lule&aring University of Technology Lule&aring Sweden University of Mosul Mosul Iraq Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research—KRG Erbil Iraq

Reservoirs are usually exposed to sediment accumulation problems that will lead to reduction in their storage capacity. This problem directly affects the performance of the dams and causes shortage of their useful life. The simplest technique to estimate sediment deposition rate is using sediment rating curve with sediment trapping efficiency (TE) of the reservoir. Many empirical and semi-empirical approaches have been suggested for to determine this term depending on the annual inflow rate, reservoir characteristics and features of the catchments area. In this study six different empirical methods depending on the residence time principle (water retention time) were used. These approaches were reviewed and applied to determine TE of Mosul dam reservoir (MDR) for period 1986 to 2011. The monthly operating data for inflow, outflow and water elevations for MDR were used to determine monthly TE and long-term TE for whole period of MDR using the mentioned methods. Furthermore, the monthly inflow rate for River Tigris upstream MDR, its sediment rating curve and sediment feeding from valleys around MDR were used to estimate the amount sediment coming to the reservoir. The results provided by these methods for TE with sediment coming to MDR were used to compute the amount of sediment deposited in MDR on monthly bases during this period. The results obtained were evaluated using observed bathymetric survey data that had been collected in 2011 after 25 years of the operation of the dam. The results showed all the mentioned methods gave convergent results and they were very close to bathymetric survey results for estimating the volume of sediment deposited especially that proposed by Ward which gave 0.368% percentage error. Furthermore, the result computed using monthly TE gave good agreement if compared with that long-term TE where the percentage error was ranging between –3.229% to 1.674% for monthly adopted data and –4.862% to?–2.477% for whole period data. It is believed

关键词： Losing Storage Capacity Mosul Dam Reservoir Sedimentation Sediment Trap Efficiency

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Expected Future of Water Resources within Tigris-Euphrates Rivers Basin,Iraq

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第5期6卷 421-432页

作者： I.E.Issa N.A.Al-Ansari govand sh.rwany S.Knutsson Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLulea University of TechnologyLuleaSweden Department of Dams and Water Resources Engineering University of MosulMosulIraq Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research—KRG ErbilIraq

Iraq is one of the riparian countries within basins of Tigris-Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East region. The region is currently facing water shortage problems due to the increase of the demand and climate changes. In the present study, average monthly water flow measurements for 15 stream flow gaging stations within basins of these rivers in Iraq with population growth rate data in some of its part were used to evaluate the reality of the current situation and future challenges of water availability and demand in Iraq. The results showed that Iraq receives annually 70.92 km3 of water 45.4 and 25.52 km3 from River Tigris and Euphrates respectively. An amount of 18.04 km3 of the Tigris water comes from Turkey while 27.36 km3 is supplied by its tributaries inside Iraq. The whole amount of water in the Euphrates Rivers comes outside the Iraqi borders. Annual decrease of the water inflow is 0.1335 km3·year-1 for Tigris and 0.245 km3·year-1 for Euphrates. This implies that the annual percentage reduction of inflow rates for the two rivers is 0.294% and 0.960%, respectively. Iraq consumes annually 88.89% (63.05 km3) of incoming water from the two rivers, where about 60.43% and 39.57% are from Rivers Tigris and Euphrates respectively. Water demand increases annually by 1.002 km3, of which 0.5271 km3 and 0.475 km3 are within Tigris and Euphrates basins respectively. The average water demand in 2020 will increase to 42.844 km3·year-1 for Tigris basin and for Euphrates 29.225 km3·year-1 (total 72.069 km3·year-1), while water availability will decrease to 63.46 km3·year-1. This means that the overall water shortage will be restricted to 8.61 km3.

关键词： Iraq River Tigris River Euphrates Water Resources of Iraq

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Reservoir Characterization of the Early Jurassic Butmah Formation Using Well Log Data in Selected Wells from Iraqi Kurdistan Region

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Open Journal of Geology 2020年第12期10卷 1173-1188页

作者： Hawar A. Zangana govand H. sherwani Yahya J. Tawfeeq Nadhir Al-Ansari Department of Petroleum and Energy Engineering Sulaimani Polytechnic University Sulaimani Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Civil Engineering Cihan University-Erbil Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Petroleum Engineering Kirkuk University Kirkuk Iraq Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

The reservoir characterization of Butmah Formation (Early Jurassic) was studied in two wells: (AT-1) and (sh-1B) from Atrush and shaikhan Oilfields respectively, in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Well logs including;sonic, density, neutron, gamma ray, and resistivity, were employed to investigate the formation. The petrophysical properties, such as lithology, shale volume, porosity, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, and bulk water volume, were estimated using Interactive Petrophysics Software (IP). Water saturation, bulk volume of water, residual hydrocarbon, and movable hydrocarbon were plotted as Computer Processed Interpretation (CPI) for Butmah Formation in the studied wells. In order to check reliability of log data, lithology of the formation was detected using neutron-density cross plot and M-N cross plot. The results of log interpretation display that Butmah Formation is composed of dolomite, limestone with anhydrite and shale in the studied wells. The calculated shale volume shows low clay content. Therefore, Butmah Formation is considered as a clean formation in both wells. Porosity was estimated using porosity logs (sonic, density, and neutron) and had the average total porosity of (7% - 8%) in the two wells. Based on the determined petrophysical properties, particularly porosity and hydrocarbon saturation, it can be concluded that Butmah Formation seems potentially good in reserving oil.

关键词： Butmah Carbonate Reservoir Interactive Petrophysics Iraqi Kurdistan Region

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Source Rock Evaluation and 1-D Basin Modelling Approach for the Sargelu Formation, Atrush-2 Well, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

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Open Journal of Geology 2021年第3期11卷 49-60页

作者： Revan Akram Ayad N. F. Edilbi Wrya J. Mamaseni govand H. sherwani Nadhir Al-Ansari Department of Petroleum Technology Erbil Polytechnic University Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Petroleum Geosciences Faculty of Science Soran University Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Geology Salahaddin University Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Civil Engineering Cihan University-Erbil Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

The present study focuses on source rock evaluation of the Sargelu Formation by using core chips of rocks collected from well Atrush-2, Duhok, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance were executed. Subsequently, the selected parameters were used for source rock evaluation and 1-D Basin Modelling calibration. The upper part of the formation mainly comprises argillaceous limestone with low content of organic matter (0.64% - 1% TOC). By contrast, the lower part is dominated with shale interval and contains high amounts of TOC values (>4% for 1272 - 1278 m) reveling good to very good quality source rock. Accordingly, good to very good hydrocarbon generation potential is suggested for this formation. Organic matter of the Sargelu Formation contains type II and mixed-type II-III kerogen. The values of Tmax and vitrinite reflectance (Ro%) demonstrate that the formation is thermally mature and in the oil zone. In order to construct a thermal history of the formation and determine the timing of hydrocarbon maturation and generation, the 1-D basin modelling PetroMod 2019.1 was used in this study. Based on the 1-D Basin modelling simulation and its outputs, about 3500 m of overburden have been eroded at the study area. The present-day heat flow was found to be 30 mW/m2. The organic matter of Sargelu Formation entered the early oil zone in 64 Ma and reached the main oil zone ca. 5 Ma. The formation is still in the main oil zone at present-day. In well Atrush-2, the highest rate of oil generation for the Sargelu Formation was in the 8.5 Ma, the onset of oil expulsion from Sargelu Formation was in 50 Ma and the expulsion mass has been reached 0.5 Mtons at present-day.

关键词： Sargelu Formation Source Rock Well Atrush-2 1-D Basin Modelling Iraq

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Reservoir Characterization of the Early Cretaceous Sarmord and Garagu Formations from Atrush-1 and Mangesh-1 Wells, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

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Open Journal of Geology 2021年第10期11卷 509-524页

作者： Ayad N. F. Edilbi Wrya J. Mamaseni Mahdi Kh. Aswad Bahroz Gh. Abdullah Falah Kh. Al-Jaboury govand H. sherwani Nadhir Al-Ansari Department of Petroleum Geosciences Faculty of Science Soran University Soran Kurdistan Region Iraq Geology Department College of Science Salahaddin University Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Geology Department College of Science University of Duhok Duhok Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Petroleum Engineering College of Engineering American University of Kurdistan Sulaimaniya Kurdistan Region Iraq Petroleum Engineering Department Knowledge University Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Civil Engineering Cihan University-Erbil Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

Petrophysical properties of the Early Cretaceous Sarmord and Garagu formations from the Atrush and Sarsang Blocks in the Kurdistan Region are studied. These formations are generally composed of limestones and dolomitic limestones interbedded with thin to medium layers of yellowish-gray marl (calcareous mudstone). The current study shows that the average shale volume in the Sarmord and Garage formations is between 16% and 20%. In Atrush-1 Well, the average porosity ratio of the Sarmord and Garagu formations is fair to good (15% and 11%, respectively). However, in Mangesh-1 Well, the porosity value is poor;it is around 4% on average. Generally, most of the hydrocarbons that have been observed within the pore spaces are residual oil type in Atrush-1 Well and movable hydrocarbon type in Mangesh-1 Well. In Atrush-1 Well, out of 362 m thickness of both formations, only 180 m is considered to be a pay zone;whereas, the pay zone is just around 8.0 m thick out of 347 m of the total thickness. According to the calculated porosity values, the Garagu and Sarmord formations are not considered as good reservoirs in the studied wells, with the exception of Atrush-1 Well where the Sarmord Formation has fair potential reservoir characteristics.

关键词： Sarmord Formation Garagu Formation Reservoir Characterization Hydrocarbons Saturation Net Pay

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