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contemporary nutrition 5th ed.

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Effects of plant-derived analgesic compounds sinomenine and salvinorin A in infant rats

2003年

作者： Wardlaw, gordon M

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN: (纸本)007286530X

Includes bibliographical references and index.

关键词： Nutrition.

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第2期18卷 174-180页

作者： conrad J.Mascarenhas Renyu Liu gordon A.Barr Department of Anesthesiology and critical care Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Anesthesiology and critical care Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Psychology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Objective: Premature and ill neonates undergo painful but medically necessary procedures while hospitalized. Although opiate drugs are administered as analgesics, problems associated with their side effects,tolerance, and potential dependence necessitate research into alternative pain-relieving *** we test two plant-derived compounds in infant rats: sinomenine, which targets the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor member X2 opioid receptor;and salvinorin A, which is a j opioid receptor agonist. In adult animals both sinomenine and salvinorin A are analgesic, but neither has been tested in ***: We used the formalin and thermal plantar tests in rats 7 and 21 days of age(PN7 and PN21) for behavioral signs of pain. In addition, brain sections were stained using Fos immunohistochemistry to examine patterns of brain activation in the midbrain periaqueductal gray and the paraventricular nucleus of the ***: Sinomenine was analgesic in both the formalin and thermal tests on animals 21 days of age. At PN7 only the highest dose elevated response latencies in the thermal test and there were no effects of sinomenine in the formalin test. Analysis of Fos expression in the sinomenine-treated animals showed no drug effect, in contrast to the behavioral results. Salvinorin A was analgesic in the formalin test only at the highest dose at 21 days of age but not in the thermal test at either ***: The increased modest effectiveness of sinomenine in older animals and the minimum salvinorin A drug effect suggest that the compounds act on sites that develop during the preweaning period(sinomenine) or after weaning(salvinorin A).

关键词： Thermal pain Formalin test Fos Ontogeny Sinomenine Salvinorin A

Perspectives in nutrition / gordon M. Wardlaw, Margaret W. Kessel. 5th ed.

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Perspectives in nutrition / Gordon M. Wardlaw, Margaret W. K...

Frequency-dependent flight activity in the colour polymorphic wood tiger moth

2002年

作者： gordon M. Wardlaw Margaret W. Kessel.

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current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 765-772页

作者： Bibiana ROJAS Swanne R gordon Johanna MAPPES University of Jyvaskyla Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences POBox 35 FI 40001 Finland

Predators efficiently learn to avoid one type of warning signal rather than several, making colour polymorphisms un- expected. Aposematic wood tiger moth males Parasemia plantaginis have either white or yellow hindwing coloration across Eu- rope. Previous studies indicate that yellow males are better defended from predators, while white males have a positively frequency-dependent mating advantage. However, the potential frequency-dependent behavioural differences in flight between the morphs, as well as the role of male-male interactions in inducing flying activity, have not been previously considered. We ran an outdoor cage experiment where proportions of both male morphs were manipulated to test whether flying activity was frequency- dependent and differed between morphs. The white morph was significantly more active than the yellow one across all treatments, and sustained activity for longer. Overall activity for both morphs was considerably lower in the yellow-biased environment, suggesting that higher proportions of yellow males in a population may lead to overall reduced flying activity. The activity of the yellow morph also followed a steeper, narrower curve than that of the white morph during peak female calling activity. We sug- gest that white males, with their presumably less costly defences, have more resources to invest in flight for predator escape and finding mates. Yellow males, which are better protected but less sexually selected, may instead compensate their lower flight ac- tivity by ＇flying smart＇ during the peak female-calling periods. Thus, both morphs may be able to behaviourally balance the trade-off between warning signal selection and sexual selection. Our results emphasize the greater need to investigate animal behaviour and colour polymorphisms in natural or semi-natural environments [current Zoology 61 （4）： 765-772, 2015].

关键词： Frequency-dependent selection Flight colour polymorphism Sexual selection Aposematism

Disaster Risk Reduction in cameroon: Are contemporary Disaster Management Frameworks Accommodating the Sendai Framework Agenda 2030?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 462-477页

作者： Henry Ngenyam Bang Lee Stuart Miles Richard Duncan gordon Disaster Management centre Bournemouth UniversityDorsetTalbot CampusFern BarrowPoole BH125BBUK

Many African countries are prone to numerous hazardous events,exacerbated by the vulnerability of their rapidly increasing population and leading to frequent disasters that often have dire fiscal and development ***,there is declining sensitivity to these risks,contrary to the conventional wisdom of disaster management(DM)*** primary aim of this research is to understand the constraints and/or challenges limiting the ability of contemporary African DM systems/institutional frameworks from implementing adequate disaster risk reduction(DRR)*** a qualitative,case study based research strategy,this research investigates resistance to the effective implementation of DM/DRR within cameroon’s contemporary DM system by using the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 guiding principles for DRR as *** findings reveal the existence of resistance factors that particularly complicate the communication,decision making,and coordination of DRR activities,the provision of resources,aspects of international assistance,as well as DRR planning and *** authors argue that such resistance factors contribute to making cameroon’s DM system more reactive and further undermine risk *** article concludes by offering key recommendations that have the potential to alleviate the identified resistance factors as well as strengthen cameroon’s DM,particularly in relation to capacity building,training,research development,and organizational resilience.

关键词： cameroon communication resistance Disaster management Disaster management system Disaster risk reduction West Africa

Simulations of granular flow along an inclined plane using the Savage-Hutter model

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Particuology 2012年第2期10卷 236-241页

作者： Minglong Fei Qicheng Sun Deyu Zhong gordon G.D.Zhou State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

In this work a velocity-dependent friction is introduced into a depth-averaged 5avage-Hutter dynamical model for shallow granular flows. The process of granular material flowing along an inclined plane and then depositing on a horizontal plane is simulated. The surface profiles and evolution of various types of energy are investigated and compared when using the standard coulomb-type friction versus velocity- dependent friction. Interestingly, there is a small difference between the two different types of friction.

关键词： Granular flowsDynamics frictionSavage-Flutter model

Delayed peripheral nerve repair: methods, including surgical ‘cross-bridging' to promote nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第10期10卷 1540-1544页

作者： Tessa gordon Placheta Eva Gregory H.Borschel Department of Surgery Division of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick Children

Despite the capacity of Schwann cells to support peripheral nerve regeneration, functional recovery after nerve injuries is frequently poor, especially for proximal injuries that require regenerating axons to grow over long distances to reinnervate distal targets. Nerve transfers, where small fascicles from an adjacent intact nerve are coapted to the nerve stump of a nearby denervated muscle, allow for functional return but at the expense of reduced numbers of innervating nerves. A 1-hour period of 20 Hz electrical nerve stimulation via electrodes proximal to an injury site accelerates axon outgrowth to hasten target reinnervation in rats and humans, even after delayed surgery. A novel strategy of enticing donor axons from an otherwise intact nerve to grow through small nerve grafts（cross-bridges） into a denervated nerve stump, promotes improved axon regeneration after delayed nerve repair. The efficacy of this technique has been demonstrated in a rat model and is now in clinical use in patients undergoing cross-face nerve grafting for facial paralysis. In conclusion, brief electrical stimulation, combined with the surgical technique of promoting the regeneration of some donor axons to ‘protect＇ chronically denervated Schwa nn cells, improves nerve regeneration and, in turn, functional outcomes in the management of peripheral nerve injuries.

关键词： peripheral nerve injury nerve repair nerve regeneration Schwann cells electrical nerve stimulation axon regeneration

SmallSat swarm gravimetry:Revealing the interior structure of asteroids and comets

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Astrodynamics 2021年第3期5卷 217-236页

作者： William gordon Ledbetter Rohan Sood James Keane Jeffrey Stuart Astrodynamics and Space Research Laboratory The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA

A growing interest in small body exploration has motivated research into the rapid char-acterization of near-Earth objects to meet economic or scientific ***,knowledge of the internal density structure can aid with target selection and enables an understanding of prehistoric planetary formation to be *** this end,multi-layer extensions to the polyhedral gravity model are suggested,and an inversion technique is implemented to present their ***-orbit gravity gradiometry is simulated and employed in stochastic and deterministic algorithms,with results that imply robustness in both cases.

关键词： gravimetry asteroid exploration astrodynamics stochastic optimization

The effect of alcohol and eligibility for liver transplant:a critical review

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Gastroenterology & Hepatology Research 2024年第1期6卷 6-14页

作者： Wassihun Asmare Ikechukwu Eze Domonick gordon Gagan Singh Mukarrham Jamat Ali Ali Department of Internal Medicine Howard University HospitalWashington DC 20060USA

Background:Alcohol-related liver disease(ALRD)has emerged as a significant global health concern,primarily attributed to the overconsumption of *** alcoholism has the potential to impact various organs,it is the liver that is especially ***:This review comprehensively examines the challenges encountered during the pre-transplant,intra-transplant,and post-transplant phases,a significant number of which are attributable to alcohol ***,liver transplant(LT)programmes have excluded patients with alcohol-related liver disease(ARLD)due to mandatory abstinence requirements and apprehensions regarding potential graft shortages for other hepatic *** review counters these concerns by highlighting the minimal usage of grafts for early liver *** strongly advocates for the incorporation of severe alcoholic hepatitis into the model for end-stage liver disease allocation,devoid of any *** selection of ARLD individuals for LT necessitates the critical involvement of a multidisciplinary team,inclusive of addiction ***:Despite the complexities associated with LT for patients with ARLD,this review underscores its therapeutic advantages,particularly for those anticipated to experience severe adverse *** review accentuates the necessity of ensuring equitable access to medical interventions for all patients,irrespective of their lifestyle ***:The examination of genetic and epigenetic variables that play a role in the onset and advancement of *** identification of potential therapy strategies is also an important area of *** formulation of intricate eligibility rules for LT in patients with a past of alcohol abuse needs essential interactions between medical practitioners and *** use of new technologies such as genomics and epigenomics could boost the accuracy of ALD diagnostic and prognostic *** targeted investigations could potentiall

关键词： abstinence criteria alcohol-related liver disease(ALRD) liver transplantation(LT)